Nutrition Exam 2 (more questions if it goes up to 50)

Failure to thrive is most often seen in a child who is: 1 to 2 months old. 1 to 5 years old. 6 to 8 years old. 10 to 12 years old.

1 to 5 years old.

The total number of kilocalories in a snack that contains 15 g of carbohydrate, 5 g of protein, and 4 g of fat is 24. 96. 116. 216.

116

Calculate the basal metabolic rate for a man who is 165 lbs. 1650 kcal 1800 kcal 1950 kcal 3960 kcal

1800 kcal

An appropriate amount of weight gain during the first trimester of pregnancy for a woman whose weight is normal before pregnancy is 1 to 2 lb. 2 to 4 lb. 6 to 8 lb. 4.5 to 10 lb.

2 to 4 lb.

Body performance is adversely affected when body weight decreases by 1%. 2%. 5%. 10%.

2%.

Compared with non-pregnant women, the amount of extra protein needed by pregnant women is about 15 g/day. 25 g/day. 50 g/day. 65 g/day.

25 g/day.

The person who would be expected to have the highest energy needs per unit of body weight would be a 70-year-old woman in a nursing home. 32-year-old pregnant woman. 42-year-old man who works in an office. 92-year-old man who lives at home and gardens.

32-year-old pregnant woman.

During the first and second 6 months of lactation, respectively, calorie needs are increased above normal needs by about: 330 and 400 kcal/day. 570 and 750 kcal/day. 740 and 1000 kcal/day. 920 and 1200 kcal/day.

330 and 400 kcal/day.

In the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively, the national standard recommends an increase in kilocalorie intake between 340 and 450 kcals/day. 450 and 520 ckals/day. 520 and 680 kcals/day. 680 and 840 kcals/day.

340 and 450 kcals/day

During the first year of life, an infant's birth length increases by about: 25%. 50%. 65%. 75%.

50%.

A fever can increase the basal metabolic rate by approximately 5.5% for each 1° F. 6.25% for each 1° F. 7.0% for each 1° F. 9.0% for each 1° F.

7.0% for each 1° F.

The average daily amount of fluid from beverages (in addition to the fluid in food) required by men and women, respectively, is: 6 cups and 9 cups. 9 cups and 12 cups. 10 cups and 14 cups. 12 cups and 15 cups.

9 cups and 12 cups.

A 23 year old who is admitted to the hospital from hypothermia and starvation would most likely be in a state of __________ upon admission. A. Catabolism B. Anabolism C. Glycogenesis D. Lipogenesis.

A. Catabolism

An example of mechanical digestion is: A. Mastication B. Amylase secretion C. Active transport D. Simple diffusion

A. Mastication

Converting noncarbohydrate substances into glucose is called A. gluconeogenesis. B. glycogenolysis. C. lipolysis. D. glycogenesis.

A. gluconeogenesis.

Compared with the pH in the small intestine, the pH in the stomach is: A. lower. B. higher. C. the same. D. neutral.

A. lower.

The mucosal lining of the intestine is protected from irritation and erosion by secretions of A. mucus. B. pepsin. C. amylase. D. sodium bicarbonate.

A. mucus.

Jenny is trying to lose weight and has decreased her energy intake by 250 kcal per day. How long should it take her to lose 1 lb of body fat? A. Approximately 8 days. B. Approximately 14 days C. Approximately 27 days D. Approximately 32 days

B. Approximately 14 days

A 45-year-old female is considering eating 2 1/2 times the recommended protein for her body is order to build more lean muscle. What would you suggest? A. Encourage her to proceed since the extra protein will build more muscle. B. Explain to her that excess protein intake is broken down and used for energy if needed or stored as fat. C. Explain that the extra protein intake will build muscle as long as she increased calorie intake as well. D. Encourage her to eat more fruit and vegetables rather than protein to build muscle mass.

B. Explain to her that excess protein intake is broken down and used for energy if needed or stored as fat.

A measure of a patient's metabolic rate could be determined using: A. Glycogen levels B. Indirect calorimetry C. Physical activity records D. Body temperature

B. Indirect calorimetry

The primary nutritional function of the large intestine is A. absorption of amino acids. B. absorption of water. C. metabolism of nutrients. D. excretion of undigested food

B. absorption of water.

The starch-splitting enzyme in the mouth is: A. pepsin. B. amylase. C. pancreatic lipase. D. hexokinase.

B. amylase.

Phenylketonuria is caused by the inability to produce the enzyme needed to: A. digest proteins containing phenylalanine. B. metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. C. activate the amino acid phenylalanine. D. store the amino acid phenylalanine.

B. metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine.

The part of the circulatory system that transports blood from the intestines to the liver is called the A. systemic circulation system. B. portal circulation system. C. respiratory circulation system. D. enteric circulation system.

B. portal circulation system.

The fingerlike projections in the small intestine that ensure maximal absorption of nutrients are called A. rugae. B. villi. C. mucosal folds. D. columnar cells.

B. villi.

Calculate the amount of calories in 1 cup of milk that contains 4 grams of fat, 10 grams of protein, and 15 grams of carbohydrate: A. 90 kcal B. 120 kcal C. 136 kcal D. 145 kcal

C. 136 kcal

If you chew a piece of bread in the mouth for a long time, it begins to taste sweet because of an action of the enzyme: A. Pepsin B. Mucosa C. Amylase D. Lipase

C. Amylase

A patient who has a large surgical resection of the small intestine would most likely have difficulty with: A. Absorbing water B. Secreting pepsin C. Digesting food D. Producing chyme

C. Digesting food

Which of the following serves to maintain normal blood glucose levels during sleep? A. Lipid stores B. Protein stores C. Glycogen stores D. Vitamin D stores

C. Glycogen stores

An emulsifying agent that aids fat digestion and absorption is: A. carboxypeptidase. B. insulin. C. bile. D. free fatty acids.

C. bile

Humans do not produce the enzymes needed to break down A. maltose. B. starch. C. fiber. D, polypeptides.

C. fiber.

Fat molecules enter into the bloodstream through the A. common bile duct. B .villi with the aid of bile. C. lymph vessels. D. main pancreatic duct.

C. lymph vessels.

Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest energy needs per unit of body weight? A. 38-year old male administrative assistant B. 72-year old grandmother C. 22-year old college student D. 7-month old baby

D. 7-month old baby

Mastication is an important part of digestion because it: A. prepares the stomach to receive food. B. begins the process of digestion in the mouth. C. keeps the jaw muscles healthy. D. prepares the food for digestion by enzymes.

D. prepares the food for digestion by enzymes.

Infants younger than 1 year should not be given honey because it may contain botulism spores. Escherichia coli. Staphylococcus aureus. salmonellosis.

Escherichia coli.

A person with an underactive thyroid would have an increased energy need. a decreased energy need. an increased protein need. a decreased protein need.

a decreased energy need.

An example of a low-sodium food is tomato juice. tomato sauce. a raw tomato. ketchup.

a raw tomato.

The person most likely to develop a vitamin B12 deficiency is a middle-aged man who has recently lost 30 lbs. a pregnant woman who does not drink milk. an old man who eats very few vegetables. a retired woman who follows a vegan diet.

a retired woman who follows a vegan diet.

The woman requiring the most weight gain during pregnancy would be: a woman carrying twins. an overweight woman with a body mass index of 27. a woman who is underweight with a body mass index of less than 19.8. a woman who is pregnant for the first time.

a woman carrying twins.

Absorption of particles in solution from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration is accomplished by osmosis. active transport. diffusion. pinocytosis.

active transport.

An ion that possesses a negative charge is: an electrolyte. a cation. an anion. an acid.

an anion.

The food item that has the highest energy value per unit of weight is a baked potato. bacon. toast. 2% milk.

bacon.

A shared function of plasma proteins, glucose, electrolytes, and sodium is regulation by the liver. balance of water between body compartments. regulation of energy balance. control of nerve conduction.

balance of water between body compartments.

An important function of calcium for the growing child is: muscle development. regulation of metabolism. regulation of blood pressure. bone and tooth development.

bone and tooth development.

The active form of vitamin D is called cholecalciferol. cholesterol. calcitriol. ergocalciferol.

calcitriol.

The mineral that is essential for the formation of fibrin to cause a blood clot is phosphorus. calcium. cholecalciferol. vitamin K.

calcium.

Energy density means the total amount of energy in a food. availability of the energy in a food. concentration of energy in a given amount of food. concentration of nutrients in a given amount of food.

concentration of energy in a given amount of food.

Ways in which water and solutes move across membranes include: diffusion and filtration. exchange and evaporation. metabolism and regulation. reabsorption and recycling.

diffusion and filtration.

A condition of concern during the adolescent years is: osteoporosis. eating disorders. mitral valve prolapse. irritable bowel syndrome.

eating disorders.

Iron is stored as transferrin. ferritin. hemoglobin. hematocrit.

ferritin

The kidneys "launder" (or clean) the blood by selective excretion. filtration. reabsorption. hydration.

filtration.

A mineral that is added to the water supply to help prevent dental caries is phosphorus. calcium. fluoride. potassium.

fluoride.

Energy stores in the body include glucose. glycogen. free fatty acids. dipeptides.

glycogen.

A child's growth may be evaluated by using calipers. biochemical tests. food diaries. growth charts.

growth charts.

Iron plays a role in hemoglobin synthesis. muscle action. digestion. respiration.

hemoglobin synthesis.

The body's state of relative dynamic equilibrium within the body's internal environment is called: maintenance. homeostasis. metabolic equilibrium. nitrogen balance.

homeostasis.

Iron needs increase during pregnancy because of fetal bone formation. increased maternal blood volume. increased maternal iron excretion. fetal breakdown of hemoglobin.

increased maternal blood volume.

For the elderly, food choices should reflect a decline in caloric density and a greater emphasis on weight loss. increased dietary fiber intake. increased nutrient density. decreased nutrient density.

increased nutrient density.

In clinical practice, the most accurate way to measure basal or resting energy expenditure is to use a treadmill. thyroid hormone levels. activity diaries. indirect calorimetry.

indirect calorimetry.

Good choices for first solid foods for infants include mashed potatoes. puréed oatmeal. whole milk yogurt. infant rice cereal.

infant rice cereal.

The fluid surrounding the tissues outside the cells is called: interstitial fluid. intracellular fluid. lymphatic fluid. extracellular fluid.

interstitial fluid.

Pregnant teens who have a low weight gain by 20 weeks' gestation may be at most risk for: gestational diabetes. intrauterine growth failure. a neural tube defect in the baby. bone fractures.

intrauterine growth failure.

Milk is a poor source of iron. phosphorus. protein. calcium.

iron

The trace mineral that plays a role in hemoglobin formation and general metabolism is: phosphorus. iron. potassium. chloride.

iron.

A pregnancy is considered high risk if the mother is 16 years old. is 5 to 10 lb overweight before pregnancy. has to fly during pregnancy. is lactose intolerant.

is 16 years old.

Water leaves the body mainly through the: lungs. feces. kidneys. skin.

kidneys.

Effective strategies for weight management in children include: calorie counting. limiting juice and sweetened beverages. limiting carbohydrate intake. eating only three meals per day.

limiting juice and sweetened beverages.

Recommendations for a pregnant woman with morning sickness include eating: a low-protein diet. foods high in calcium. liquids between, not with, meals. a snack during the night.

liquids between, not with, meals

High potassium intake tends to increase metabolic rate. lower blood pressure. cause fluid retention. help prevent atherosclerosis.

lower blood pressure.

The acid-base buffer system is mainly controlled by the lungs and liver. lungs and kidneys. kidneys and skin. lungs and skin.

lungs and kidneys.

The mineral that is a catalyst for many reactions in cells that produce energy is: sodium. magnesium. phosphorus. sulfur.

magnesium.

Most of the weight gained during pregnancy is contributed by the maternal stores. blood volume. fetus. uterus.

maternal stores.

The greatest source of dietary zinc is meat. vegetables. dairy. fruit.

meat

The sum of body processes involved in converting food into energy is called digestion. absorption. metabolism. basal energy expenditure.

metabolism.

The best source of riboflavin is milk. fish. fortified breakfast cereal. yellow and orange vegetables.

milk

A deficiency of folate may result in beriberi. pellagra. pernicious anemia. neural tube defects.

neural tube defects.

Adequate maternal folate intake around the time of conception helps prevent growth retardation. fetal anemia. neural tube defects. maternal hypertension.

neural tube defects.

A deficiency of vitamin A may result in pernicious anemia. osteomalacia. bleeding gums. night blindness.

night blindness.

An important source of folate is skim milk. oranges. olive oil. cheese.

oranges.

The mineral necessary for the controlled oxidation of carbohydrate, fat, and protein in producing and storing available energy for the body is potassium. chloride. calcium. phosphorus.

phosphorus.

The large molecules retained in the blood vessels that control water movement in the body and guard blood volume by influencing the shift of water in and out of capillaries are: proenzymes. trace elements. electrolytes. plasma proteins.

plasma proteins.

Foods that are considered a high risk for choking in young children include: oatmeal and whole milk. crackers with cheese slices. popcorn and peanut butter. cooked green beans and carrots.

popcorn and peanut butter.

The major electrolyte found inside cells is sodium. phosphorus. potassium. magnesium.

potassium

The hormone that stimulates milk production during lactation is progesterone. prolactin. human growth hormone. estrogen.

prolactin.

The substrate that growing children need to build tissue is: fat. carbohydrate. protein. magnesium

protein.

Peptidases are enzymes that act on starches. triglycerides. proteins. amino acids.

proteins

The vitamin most closely associated with protein metabolism is vitamin B12. vitamin C. vitamin D. pyridoxine.

pyridoxine.

Major minerals are the minerals that are essential for body functions. the minerals that are most likely to be lacking in the diet. required by the body in amounts of more than 100 mg/day. important dietary minerals for reducing the risk of chronic disease.

required by the body in amounts of more than 100 mg/day.

For a 2-year-old, sweet foods should be only given as rewards for good behavior. allowed after the child eats a reasonable meal. avoided so that the child does not become accustomed to eating them. reserved for treats on special occasions.

reserved for treats on special occasions.

A vitamin deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin C is called beriberi. scurvy. neuropathy. rickets.

scurvy.

The hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release its secretions is estrogen. insulin. pancreatin. secretin.

secretin.

A nutrient that helps prevent free radical damage to membranes is selenium. iron. zinc. choline.

selenium.

A mineral that occurs mostly in the extracellular fluid is: potassium. sodium. magnesium. phosphorus

sodium.

The major electrolyte found guarding the water outside of the cells is: potassium. chloride. sodium. magnesium.

sodium.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone controls the uptake of: zinc. iodine. sodium. phosphorus.

sodium.

A rich source of vitamin E in the diet is orange juice. dark chocolate. spinach. soybean oil.

soybean oil.

A pregnant woman should consume enough energy to: spare protein for extra tissue building. prevent lethargy throughout the day. build adipose stores for lactation. prevent fetal growth retardation.

spare protein for extra tissue building.

Vitamins regulate body metabolism by working as protein modulators. reactants. specific catalysts. carrier proteins.

specific catalysts.

A significant source of vitamin A is found in spinach. whole-grain bread. oats. brewer's yeast.

spinach.

Chyme is the word used for the intestinal contents when they are in the mouth. stomach. small intestine. large intestine.

stomach.

Foods for infants should be prepared without added: sugar and salt. water or fruit juice. herbs and spices. cornstarch.

sugar and salt.

The nutrient intake guideline that sets the maximal nutrient intake that is unlikely to pose a risk of toxicity in healthy individuals is called the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR). the Adequate Intake (AI). the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).

the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).

The hormone that causes the kidney to reabsorb water is: the antidiuretic hormone. aldosterone. the thyroid hormone. the parathyroid hormone.

the antidiuretic hormone.

The amount of energy required by the body for maintenance of life when a person is at complete digestive, physical, and emotional rest is referred to as the recommended dietary intake. the estimated energy expenditure. the daily energy requirement. the basal energy expenditure.

the basal energy expenditure.

The increase in metabolic rate after a meal is called satiety. the metabolic stimulus. the thermic effect of food. the postmeal effect.

the thermic effect of food.

Total energy requirement involves a contribution from energy needs for basal energy expenditure, physical activity, and breathing. the amount of vitamin intake. normal body temperature. the thermic effect of food.

the thermic effect of food.

An athlete who increases his or her intake of pasta will also increase his or her need for vitamin E. thiamin. vitamin B12. vitamin C.

thiamin.

Putting a child to sleep with a bottle of milk is not recommended because this practice can lead to: a delay in physical development. mouth ulcers. tooth decay. delayed weaning.

tooth decay.

An infant born weighing 2.5 lb is considered: low birth weight. very low birth weight. very, very low birth weight. extremely low birth weight.

very low birth weight.

Iron absorption is enhanced by consuming foods containing potassium. vitamin E. vitamin C. magnesium.

vitamin C.

A vitamin that plays a major role in blood clotting is vitamin K. vitamin A. vitamin C. vitamin D.

vitamin K.

Noncaloric essential nutrients necessary in very small amounts for specific metabolic control and disease prevention are called minerals. vitamins. nucleotides. trace elements

vitamins

An important function of sodium is: temperature regulation. water balance. bone formation. activation of digestive enzymes.

water balance.

When energy expenditure exceeds energy intake, the result is anorexia. weight loss. obesity. hyperactivity.

weight loss.

A food that is a good source of calcium is chicken breast. kidney beans. yogurt. cream cheese.

yogurt