Nutrition Final
Leukoplakia and hyperkeratosis may be related to Vitamin ____ deficiency. a. A b. D c. E d. K
A
Match the nutrient with its function. Iron Magnesium
Iron - helps with formation of collagen and in wound healing Magnesium - is needed for bone and tooth formation and maintenance
A food that contains 12 % of the daily value for Vitamin A is considered a "healthy" food. True False
True
Oils are less "fattening" than solid fats. True False
false
What is the minimum physiologic need for carbohydrate on a daily basis? a. 90 b. 100 c. 130 d. 200
130
Oral pallor (paleness) is most commonly associated with iron deficiency. True False
True
PEM can be a contributing factor to the development of NUG in overly-stressed college students. True False
True
PEM is the world's most widespread form of malnutrition. True False
True
The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) are appropriately used for all of the following except: a. estimating the nutrient needs of persons with medical problems b. estimating the adequacy of an individual's nutrient intake c. planning the diets for population groups like military personnel d. ensuring that minimum nutrient requirements are met
estimating the nutrient needs of persons with medical problems
Firm, fibrous foods physically remove plaque from the gingiva and tooth surface. True False
false
Which of the following food groups does not supply proteins? a. fruits b. breads c. vegetables d. milk
fruits
Which of the following vitamins would produce enamel hypocalcification in a deficiency state? a. A b. D c. E d. K
D
Which of the following vitamin combinations pose a potential antagonistic effect in the body? a. A and K b. A and D c. D and K d. E and K
E and K
Lifelong dietary habits, preferences, and attitudes will be influenced most by parents/caregivers during the adolescent stage of life. True False
False
Vitamin deficiencies, especially the B-complex vitamins, seldom occur in isolation. Folic acid, a b-complex vitamin, is the EXCEPTION because it functions separately from other vitamins. a. Both statements are true b. Both statements are false c. The first statement is true; the second is false d. The first statement is false; the second is true
The first statement is true; the second is false
A food with the term "healthy" as part of its name cannot contain any nutrient or food constituent in an amount known to increase disease risk. True False
True
A key nutritional challenge for most people throughout life is to obtain recommended amounts of calcium on a daily basis. True False
True
A key nutritional challenge for most people throughout life is to obtain recommended amounts of calcium on a daily basis. True False
True
A multi-vitamin/mineral supplement may be recommended to the elderly patient for the purpose keeping their immunity strong if their eating habits are poor and inconsistent. True False
True
A protein deficiency during childhood may lead to increased caries susceptibility related to alterations in tooth development and diminished salivary flow. True False
True
The RDA for iron in higher in pre-menopausal women than for men and post-menopausal women because of blood loss during menstruation. True False
True
High levels of Vitamin E supplementation can interfere with: a. Vitamins C and K b. Vitamin K and iron c. iron and Vitamin C d. beta carotene and Vitamin A
Vitamin K and iron
_____________ occurs with a deficiency of Vitamin A. a. Rickets b. Xerophthalmia c. Osteomalacia d. Hypervitaminosis
Xerophthalmia
Match the nutrient with the deficiency Zinc Water
Zinc- loss of test perception Water - Xerostomia
Characteristics of the fat replacer Olestra include: a. it passes through the digestive tract unabsorbed b. it is fortified with vitamin E c. it has no undesirable side effects d. a and b e. b and c
a and b
Foods with hidden fat include: a. coconuts b. biscuits c. fat on a steak d. a and b e. b and c
a and b
Primary reasons for why some people choose to take Vitamin E supplements include: a. prevention of cancer b. prevention of heart disease c. maximizing the clotting potential of their blood d. a, b, c e. a and b
a and b
Blood cholesterol is impacted by: a. lifestyle b. nutrition c. heredity d. all of the above
all of the above
I want a chocolate-flavored coffee. I look in my kitchen cupboad and I find chocolate syrup and Hershey's cocoa (the kind used in baking). Which would be the least cariogenic choice? a. cocoa b. syrup
cocoa
The B vitamins act as part of __________ in energy metabolism. a. anticoagulants b. antibodies c. coenzymes d. intrinsic factors
coenzymes
Which of the following statements is inconsistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? a. choose more fruits b. decrease consumption of low-fat dairy products c. choose more whole grain foods d. decrease portion sizes of animal products
decrease consumption of low-fat dairy products
Any disease that produces ___________ malabsorption can bring about deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, & K. a. carbohydrate b. protein c. fat d. phytochemical
fat
So that the body obtains energy from carbohydrate food sources, it must break down digestible carbohydrate into which of the following monosaccharide? a. fructose b. lactose c. glucose d. galactose
glucose
Triglycerides are the most common fat (lipid) present in animal or protein foods and consists of _____________ and ______________. a. glycerol, 1 fatty acid b. glycerol, 2 fatty acids c. glycerol, 3 fatty acids d. glycerol, no fatty acid
glycerol, 3 fatty acids
If the patient you treated on Tuesday morning arrived for treatment Thursday morning and said she never really stopped bleeding from the scaling and root planing procedure you did on Tuesday, which vitamin could she possibly be deficient? a. A b. D c. E d. K
k
The first (clinical) sign of dehydration is: a. headache b. thirst c. confusion d. fatigue
thirst
Which of the following is NOT a cause of "hyper" behavior in children? a. lack of exercise b. overstimulation c. too much TV d. too much sugar
too much sugar
It is the frequency of sugar consumption that is influential in the development of dental caries True False
True
The thiamin deficiency disease is known as: a. pellagra b. osteomalacia c. scurvy d. beriberi
beriberi
A non-food source from which Vitamin K can be obtained is: a. sunlight b. intestinal bacteria c. antibiotics d. minerals
intestinal bacteria
All of the following minerals serve as electrolytes in the body except: a. potassium b. iodine c. chloride d. sodium
iodine
Which of the following must be available for thyroxine to be synthesized? a. iron b. zinc c. iodine d. fluoride
iodine
All of the following are classified as macrominerals EXCEPT: a. calcium b. magnesium c. sodium d. iron
iron
Which fatty acid has the most hydrogen atoms? a. saturated b. monounsaturated c. polyunsaturated d. bisaturated
saturated
Which of the following makes up the majority of the body's weight? a. major minerals b. protein c. trace minerals d. water
water
General symptoms of Vitamin B deficiency include all of the following EXCEPT: a. lack of energy b. mental changes (mood, irritability) c. reduced immunity d. weight gain
weight gain
Which of the following terms would you look for on a bread label to choose the most nutritious carbohydrate-based product? a. wheat flour b. whole grain c. unbleached flour d. brown bread
whole grain
A family of organic compounds soluble in organic solvents but not in water is called: a. triglycerides b. lipids c. fats d. oils
lipids
Caries resistance begins pre-eruptively with adequate consumption of all of the following except: a. Vitamin A b. protein c. phosphorous d. lipids
lipids
Is a peanut butter and jelly sandwich cariostatic? True False
False
Would a Snickers bar be cariostatic because of the peanuts it contains? True False
False
Foods rich in fiber lower blood cholesterol True False
True
Pork is an exceptionally rich source of thiamin. True False
True
The majority of the body's glycogen stores are in the muscles. True False
True
Toxicity problems can occur when one consumes amino acid supplements. True False
True
Xerostomia can be a contributing factor of malnutrition in an older patient. True False
True
The American Heart Association and current Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend the percentage of total calories that come from fat should not exceed: a. 10% b. 20% c. 30% d. 40%
30%
During the second trimester there is a caloric increase required to ensure nutrient and energy needs. The additional amount of calories that pregnant women should consume are approximately: Select one or more: a. 200 b. 300 c. 600 d. 100
300
If a food contains 10 grams of carbohydrates, how many calories will those carbohydrates supply the body in energy? a. 90 b. 40 c. 20 d. 10
40
It is advisable to incorporate iron-rich foods into the infant's diet by: a. 3 months b. 6 months c. 9 months d. 12 months
6 months
How many grams of protein are needed daily during pregnancy? a. 30 b. 45 c. 50 d. 60
60
Lipids provide the most concentrated source of energy in the diet with ______ calories per gram. a. 4 b. 5 c. 7 d. 9
9
Which of the following vitamins enhances the absorption of iron in the body? a. A b. B c. C d. D
C
Food labels are regulated by the FTC (Federal Trade Commission). True False
False
Is our all-time, favorite fast food meal item, french fries and ketchup cariogenic? True False
False
Lactovegetarians eat eggs and plant foods. True False
False
Foods that contain high amounts of fiber are generally considered to have a _______ glycemic index. a. high b. low c. neglible d. extreme
low
Which of the following B-vitamins may be prescribed therapeutically for cardiovascular disease management? a. thiamin b. niacin c. riboflavin d. biotin
niacin
Which of the following elements is found in proteins and not in carbohydrates or fats? a. carbon b. hydrogen c. nitrogen d. oxygen
nitrogen
What is the recommended daily intake for saturated fat? a. 10% or more b. no more than 10% c. 12-14% d. less than 30%
no more than 10%
Active/attentive listening involves interpreting the words the patient says, the manner in which the words are said, and any other non-verbal cues (body language the patient may give). True False
True
All ingested carbohydrate must ultimately be broken down into glucose for the body to use it for energy. True False
True
Allowing the patient to identify potentially cariogenic foods in their completed diet diary is helpful because it can give the RDH insights about the patient's awareness level concerning which foods are cariogenic and which ones are not. True False
True
Americans typically consume nearly twice as much protein as recommended by the RDA's. True False
True
An individual's lifestyle is the primary or "biggest" factor which influences eating habits. True False
True
Foods containing primarily natural sugars, can be just as cariogenic as processed foods with added sugar. True False
True
For a tooth to demineralize, the plaque pH needs to be 5.5 or lower when cariogenic foods are being consumed. True False
True
For a tooth to demineralize, the plaque pH needs to be 5.5 or lower when cariogenic foods are being consumed. True False
True
For adults, consumption of refined sugars should be no more than 10% of total caloric intake. True False
True
Glucose is stored in the body as glycogen. True False
True
Good nutrition is possible regardless of a patient's cultural habits True False
True
Hemorrhagic gingivitis may be related to Vitamin C deficiency True False
True
In the text, the authors suggest that weight gain occurs as a result from excessive caloric intake, not as a result of physiologic or metabolic consequences of sucrose or any specific sugar. True False
True
Is whole grain toast with butter cariostatic when consumed with a meal consisting of protein and fat-based foods? True False
True
It is the frequency of sugar consumption that is influential in the development of dental caries True False
True
Rebound-scurvy changes can occur in the gingiva when mega-doses of Vitamin C are stopped. True False
True
School age children, ages 7 to 12 need to eat about every 4 hours to maintain mental alertness and concentration levels. True False
True
Starches are not as easily metabolized by plaque microbes as simple sugars. True False
True
The energy needs of children and adolescents are high to support growth and development and physical activity level. True False
True
The presence of niacin in the diet, particularly in excess, may actually stimulate cariogenic flora activity. True False
True
The tendency for lactose intolerance increases with advancing age. True False
True
There are no known oral side effects for Vitamin E. True False
True
There is risk for toxicity with any mineral if consumed in excessive amounts. True False
True
Too much OR too little Vitamin D during tooth development can result in hypoplastic effects in the teeth. True False
True
A calcium deficient diet may produce alveolar bone loss over time. True False
True
Breast milk is naturally low in sugar, so daily cleansing of the oral cavity is unnecessary. True False
False
The RDA for protein for healthy adults is ______ grams per kilogram of body weight. a. 1.6 b. 0.8 c. 0.6 d. 0.2
0.8
For any adult, the age at which one should have their blood cholesterol levels evaluated is: a. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. 50
20
Which of the following is the most potentially toxic of all vitamins? a. A & D b. B & D c. C & E d. K
A and D
If the patient indicates he or she likes to drink Coca-cola, which of the following questions should the RDH ask the patient? a. How much? b. How often? c. What type? (diet, caffeine free, etc.) d. all of the above
All of the above
Which is the most nutritious choice? a. apple b. apple juice c. applesauce d. apple pie or cobbler
Apple
All of the following are key pointers for an effective dietary counseling session except: a. Establish a positive atmosphere b. Use just a few simple A-V aids c. Guide the patient to make their own decisions regarding dietary habits d. Avoid spontaneity
Avoid spontaneity
All of the following vitamins can be classified as fat-soluble except: a. A b. B c. D d. E e. K
B
All of the following are TRUE statements regarding Vitamin B-12 EXCEPT: a. The liver can store up to 5 years worth of B-12. b. B-12 is a fat-soluble vitamin. c. B-12 contains a mineral component. d. B-12 requires intrinsic factor for it to be absorbed in the stomach.
B-12 is a fat-soluble vitamin.
The major waste product of protein catabolism is ammonia. The liver converts ammonia to urea to be excreted by the kidneys. a. Both statements are true. b. Both statements are false. c. The first statement is true; the second is false. d. The first statement is false; the second is true.
Both statements are true.
All of the following are fat-soluble vitamins except: a. A b. C c. D d. K
C
Match the nutrient with its function. Calcium Vitamin D
Calcium - builds bone and teeth Vitamin D - helps regulate calcium absorption
Each of the following is true of calcium within saliva except one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Saliva is supersaturated with calcium b. Saliva is a source of calcium to mineralize a demineralized enamel surface c. Calcium and phosphate in saliva provide a buffering action. d. Calcium within saliva increased dental caries.
Calcium within saliva increased dental caries.
Each of the following is true of phospholipids EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? a. Contains phosphorous and a nitrogen base b. Contains fatty acids and glycerol c. Cannot be absorbed intact; must be broken down d. Are a structural component of tooth enamel, dentin, and cell membranes e. Can be used for energy
Can be used for energy
Conditions such as ricket and osteoporosis can be caused by a deficiency of which of the following vitamins? a. A b. B c. C d. D
D
Which of the following steps must be carried out prior to giving the patient a food diary to complete? a. Review the number of servings that must be obtained according to ChooseMYPlate b. Explain to the patient how to complete the diary c. Discuss the difference between cariogenic & non-cariogenic foods d. Warn the patient about overeating the wrong kinds of foods
Explain to the patient how to complete the diary
A primary characteristic of fat-soluble vitamins is that they are easily lost during cooking or preparation of foods. True False
False
Americans get less protein than they need daily. True False
False
An appropriate instruction to a patient after periodontal surgery is "Eat whatever foods you can manage." True False
False
Carbohydrates originates from plants through a process referred to as respiration. True False
False
Carbohydrates provide 9 calories per gram while lipids provide 4. True False
False
Dental caries is a disease that results from a nutrient deficiency. True False
False
Patients taking anti-coagulants should be advised to take Vitamin K supplements True False
False
Saturated fats should comprise the majority of the lipid content of the daily diet. True False
False
Self-medication with vitamins is a safe and healthy practice for the elderly. True False
False
Self-medication with vitamins is a safe and healthy practice for the elderly. True False
False
The best strategy for long-term success is to present the patient with a complete list of all the dietary changes that should be made and let them pick which ones they want to do. True False
False
The desire for sweetness or sugar in the diet is a learned behavior. True False
False
The only nutrients essential for strong healthy bones and teeth are calcium and phosphorous. True False
False
Thyroxine is produced by the thyroid gland to regulate the body's metabolic rate. A deficiency in iron will cause a decreased amount of thyroxine. True False
False
To help in reducing their risk for dental caries, toddlers and children should not be given in-between meal snacks. True False
False
Water losses result in increased kidney output because kidney function stimulates thirst and encourages fluid intake. True False
False
Match the nutrient with the deficiency sign Folic Acid Iron
Folic acid - angular chelitis Iron - pale, ashen gray color of lips and tongue
"That which enters the mouth" and from which nutrients are derived is referred to as:
Food
Each of the following is true of metabolic interrelationships except one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Carbohydrates can be used in forming nonessential amino acids. b. Glucose can be converted to fatty acids and some amino acids. c. Proteins contribute to synthesis of some lipids. d. The glycerol from triglycerides can be used for synthesis of carbohydrates.
Glucose can be converted to fatty acids and some amino acids.
What is the most conclusive way to confirm a suspected vitamin/mineral deficiency? a. Look for the presence of oral signs and symptoms b. Look for general systemic signs and symptoms c. Do a food diary and computer diet analysis d. Go to the physician and get a blood test.
Go to the physician and get a blood test.
Which of the following foods would be the most appropriate snack for an active, normal weight child? a. ice cream b. candy c. oreo cookies d. cola
Ice Cream
Match the nutrient with its function. Iron - helps with formation of collagen and in wound healing Magnesium - is needed for bone and tooth formation and maintenance
Iron - helps with formation of collagen and in wound healing Magnesium - is needed for bone and tooth formation and maintenance
If the patient your treated on Tuesday morning arrived for treatment Thursday afternoon and stated she never stopped bleeding from the scaling and root planing you did on Tuesday, which vitamin could she be lacking? a. A b. D c. E d. K
K
Caries resistance begins pre-eruptively with adequate consumption of all of the following except: a. Vitamin A b. protein c. phosphorous d. lipids
Lipids
Pellagra is a ___________deficiency disease. a. Vitamin C b. niacin c. thiamin d. Vitamin B-12
Niacin
The physiologic role of proteins includes all categories except one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Resistance to disease b. Regulation of fluid balance c. Energy d. Repair of tissue e. Primary source of energy
Primary source of energy
Match the nutrient with its function. Protein Vitamin A
Protein - supports growth and development of tissue Vitamin A - builds and maintains healthy epithelium
In the lecture discussion of basic food groups, legumes (dry beans) are included in which of the following groups? a. dairy and protein b. fruit and vegetables c. protein and vegetables d. vegetable and dairy e. protein and vegetable
Protein and vegetables
The standard that specifies the average daily amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the nutrient needs of most healthy people is referred to as the: a. DRI b. RDA c. UL d. EAR
RDA
The standard that specifies the average daily amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the nutrient needs of most healthy people is referred to as the: a. DRI b. RDA c. UL d. EAR
RDA
Increasing whole grains in the diet can lead to improved gastrointestinal and cardiovascular health. Although increasing whole grains can improve periodontal conditions, it has insignificant impact on caries rates. a. Both statements are true b. Both statements are false c. The first statement is true; the second is false d. The first statement is false; the second is true
The first statement is true; the second is false
The serum calcium-to-phosphorous ratio is an inverse relationship. If the calcium level increases, the phosphorous level will increase to match this level. a. Both statements are true b. Both statements are false c. The first statement is true; the second is false d. The first statement is false; the second is true
The first statement is true; the second is false
Three fatty acids attached to a glycerol is a triglyceride. Each of the fatty acids attached to a particular triglyceride is the same. a. Both statements are false b. Both statements are true c. The first statement is true; the second is false d. The first statement is false; the second is true
The first statement is true; the second is false
Amino acids combine with each other to form polypeptides which are components of food and body proteins. The number of amino acids in a protein varies between 10 and 25, but each protein has a specific number. a. Both statements are true. b. Both statements are false. c. The first statement is true; the second is false. d. The first statement is false; the second is true.
The first statement is true; the second is false.
A complete protein food will contain all of the essential amino acids and will therefore tend to have a higher biologic value. True False
True
An issue of concern with adolescent nutrition is that this age group tends to make poor food choices if they are not supervised by a responsible parent and/or caregiver. True False
True
An issue of concern with adolescent nutrition is that this age group tends to make poor food choices if they are not supervised by a responsible parent and/or caregiver. True False
True
Are celery sticks cariostatic? True False
True
Because it is difficult to tell exactly which B-vitamin a patient is lacking, it is advisable to recommend a B-complex vitamin. True False
True
Because of the potential toxicity with fat-soluble vitamins, patients should not take more than the suggested daily RDA in a vitamin supplement unless they are properly advised by their physician. True False
True
Beginning with adolescence, males will typically need a higher daily calorie intake than females of the same age. True False
True
Cariogenic food intake may increase in the elderly due to a decreased sensitivity to smell and taste. True False
True
Current evidence indicates that moderate intakes of artificial sweeteners pose no health risks. True False
True
Current research indicates that mega-doses of Vitamin C does help relieve symptoms of the common cold but does not help in preventing it. True False
True
Dried prunes or raisins consumed as a between meal snack would be considered cariogenic. True False
True
Excessive or overconsumption of proteins could be problematic for individuals with liver and/or kidney disease. True False
True
Fluoride is the most essential nutrient needed for caries prevention. True False
True
Fluorosis is possible if an infant or toddler over-consumes formula and/or fruit juice constituted with fluoridated water. True False
True
Type II diabetes is often controlled by successful weight loss management. True False
True
Vitamin D is necessary to regulate the absorption of calcium True False
True
Water is the most important nutrient. True False
True
When talking to all adult patients, the hygienist should use terminology that the individual patient can understand. Adults will vary according to intellectual level of understanding. True False
True
Would sweet tea consumed with a meal be considered cariogenic? True False
True
Xerophthalmia results from advanced vitamin A deficiency and can lead to permanent blindness. True False
True
Which micro-nutrient is essential for the integrity of epithelial cells and their differentiation in producing ameloblasts? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin B complex c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin K
Vitamin A
Xerostomia would be most likely a oral deficiency state of: a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin E d. Vitamin K
Vitamin A
Match the nutrient with the deficiency sign Vitamin A Protein
Vitamin A - decreased salivary flow Protein - red, smooth edematous tongue
Increased activity of osteoclasts, which can cause bone resorption, is a symptom of: a. Vitamin D excess b. Vitamin K excess c. Vitamin A excess d. Vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin A excess
Match the nutrient with its function. Vitamin B Vitamin C
Vitamin B - forms new cells Vitamin C - aids in wound healing
An uninformed, strict vegetarian is at special risk for ___________ deficiency. a. Vitamin B-12 b. folic acid c. Vitamin B-6 d. niacin
Vitamin B-12
This vitamin aids in the conversion of trytophan to niacin. a. Vitamin B-6 b. Vitamin C c. folic acid d. Vitamin B-12
Vitamin B-6
The amount of ________ people need is proportional (dependent and related to) to their protein intake. a. niacin b. Vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine) c. folate d. Vitamin B-12
Vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine)
Match the nutrient with the deficiency Vitamin C Vitamin D
Vitamin C - collagen loss which results in alveolar bone resorption Vitamin D - loss of lamina dura around roots & increased width of corticol bone
Loss of alveolar bone and "thinning" of bone trabeculae may suggest deficiency of: a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin E d. Vitamin K
Vitamin D
Which of the following has an anti-inflammatory role in promoting disease resistance in the periodontium? a. riboflavin b. Vitamin B-6 c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin E
Vitamin E
The exact purpose for which a protein will be used in the body depends on: a. one's state of health b. the food source of the protein and its digestibility c. its amino acid assortment d. a and b e. a, b, c
a, b, c
The more processed a food is then: a. the more sodium it contains b. the less potassium it contains c. the less sodium it contains d. a and b
a and b
Which of the following are key oral signs of B-vitamin deficiency? a. angular chelitis b. glossitis c. mobility of the teeth d. a and b e. a, b, c
a and b
Which of the following characteristics determines the various properties of fats? a. carbon chain length b. degree of saturation c. total number of oxygen atoms present d. a and b e. a, b, c
a and b
A teenager consumes a fast food meal consisting of a cheeseburger, chocolate shake, and french fries. In order to consume a adequate daily diet, which of the following should be chosen at other meals during the day? a. foods high in Vitamins A & C b. good fiber sources c. foods high in calories d. a, b, c e. a and b only
a and b only
Increased water intake is important for the elderly because: a. it keeps them well-hydrated b. it helps in managing xerostomia c. it helps in stimulating their appetite d. a, b, c e. a and b only
a and b only
Vitamin A plays an important role in: a. maintenance of body linings b. blood clotting c. reproduction d. a and b e. a and c
a and c
What changes in lifestyle could bring about reductions in blood cholesterol? a. regular exercise b. restricting protein intake c. restricting intake of saturated fats d. a and c
a and c
Which of the following is a function of protein? a. providing energy b. storing fat c. rebuilding tissue d. all of the above e. a and c only
a and c only
By definition, a vitamin is all of the following except: a. an organic compound b. indispensable to body functions c. needed in minute amounts d. a non-essential nutrient
a non-essential nutrient
Which of the following would be most likely to develop pellagra? a. a person who consumes a mixed diet of meat and plant sources b. a person who does not consume meats and eats corn as a dietary staple c. a person who is vegetarian but consumes milk d. none of the above; pellagra is no longer a deficiency of concern in the US
a person who does not consume meats and eats corn as a dietary staple
Negative nitrogen balance occurs in: a. a surgery patient b. growing children c. pregnant women d. lactating women
a surgery patient
When providing nutritional counseling for the adolescent patient, the RDH should: a. determine current dietary habits b. assess their nutrition awareness level c. ascertain their current level of physical activity d. a, b, c e. a and b only
a, b, c
Patients should be counseled to substitute foods with trans fats for those with saturated fats, because saturated fat has a less detrimental effect on blood lipids. a. Neither the statement nor reason is correct b. Both the statement and reason are correct and related c. Both the statement and reason are correct, but not related d. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct
a. Neither the statement nor reason is correct
Which of the following are examples of working proteins? a. enzymes b. hormones c. antibodies d. all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following are standard recommendations during pregnancy? a. Abstain from alcohol consumption b. avoid dieting for the purpose of weight loss c. restrict or greatly limit caffeine consumption d. all of the above
all of the above
Assuming a state of health, which of the following groups is most likely to absorb the LEAST amount of calcium? a. adults b. children c. infants d. pregnant women
adults
A critical intervention which the RDH should initiate with the parent/caregiver of an older infant is to: a. help them choose the appropriate sugar-substitute b. advise them not to add fluoride supplements to milk c. recommend vitamins with fluoride as a standard caries prevention strategy d. suggest appropriate sulcular brushing methods
advise them not to add fluoride supplements to milk
Basic principles for making dietary changes to a dental patient's diet include: a. Limiting the consumption of cariogenic foods to mealtimes b. Incorporating items from all food groups c. Recommend non-cariogenic foods for in-between meal snacks d. Encourage daily use of fluoride through water, foods, toothpastes, and rinses e. all of the above
all of the above
Caries incidence is still a problem in which of the following segments of the population? a.socio-economically challenged people b.people with little to no education c.people without dental insurance d. all of the above
all of the above
Chewing gums containing Xylitol inhibit enamel demineralization by producing: a. greater salivary flow b. enhancing the buffering effect c. promoting efficient oral clearance d. all of the above
all of the above
Chewing gums containing Xylitol inhibit enamel demineralization by producing: a. greater salivary flow b. enhancing the buffering effect c. promoting efficient oral clearance d. all of the above
all of the above
High-fiber foods are helpful for people who wish to lose weight because they: a. take longer to eat b. are more filling c. provide fewer calories d. all of the above
all of the above
In subsequent (follow-up) dietary sessions with the patient, the RDH needs to: a. Determine the patient's level of compliance with previous dietary recommendations b. Ask the patient if they have experienced any problems in making dietary changes c. Reinforce previously made dietary recommendations & review important dietary concepts as needed d. all of the above
all of the above
Indiscriminate consumption of omega-3 fatty acid supplements could potentially: a. affect the blood glucose levels in diabetic patients b. intensify the anticoagulant effect of aspirin and prescriptive anticoagulant meds c. produce mercury toxicity if supplements are obtained from fish oils d. all of the above
all of the above
Lipids should not be totally eliminated from the daily diet because: a. Lipids make foods palatable and will therefore encourage consumption of a wider variety of foods. b. Lipids contain essential vitamins and micronutrients which are important to good health. c. Lipids provide satiety in the diet, which may prevent an overconsumption of other macronutrients such as carbs or protein. d. all of the above
all of the above
Lipoproteins... a. transport lipids through a watery medium, the blood. b. are protein-based vehicles for the transport of lipids c. are composed of lipids and proteins d. all of the above
all of the above
Suzy noted on her dietary history that she ate a salad for lunch on Thursday. Which of the following supplemental items of information should the RDH request from Suzy? a. ingredients of the salad? b. approximate serving size of the salad in ounces? c. salad dressing used? d. all of the above
all of the above
Teenagers who consume large amounts of soft drinks on a daily basis are at risk for which of the following? a. dental caries b. overall nutritional deficiency c. obesity d. all of the above
all of the above
The roles of the essential fatty acids include: a. form parts of cell membranes b. support infant growth and vision development c. support immune function d. all of the above
all of the above
Vitamin C deficiency will likely result in which of the following oral signs? a. loose or mobile teeth b. gingivitis c. dentinal defects d. all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following are classified as macronutrients? a. carbohydrates b. proteins c. lipids d. all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following are classified as polysaccharides? a. starch b. fiber c. glycogen d. all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following are standard recommendations during pregnancy? a. Abstain from alcohol consumption b. avoid dieting for the purpose of weight loss c. restrict or greatly limit caffeine consumption d. all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following conditions may impair folate absorption? a. alcholism b. kidney dialysis c. GI disease or disturbances d. all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following nutrients are most closely associated with the health of the oral cavity? a. protein b. B-complex vitamins c. Vitamin C d. iron e. all of the above
all of the above
Vitamin E primarily serves as a(an): a. precursor b. vitamin antagonist c. antioxidant d. antivitamin
antioxidant
Which of the following groups may be prone to sub-clinical or clinical deficiency in protein? a. elderly b. low-income c. strict vegetarians d. alcoholics e. any of the above may be deficient
any of the above may be deficient
Which of the following would be a better snack choice for a caries prone patient? a. apple slices and cheese cubes b. peanut butter sandwich c. Snickers bar d. yogurt with banana slices
apple slices and cheese cubes
All of the following are valid reasons or conditions for which the taking of a vitamin supplement may be indicated except one. Which is the EXCEPTION? a. elderly b. periods of rapid growth c. as a preventive measure when the diet is adequate d. stress e. before or after surgery
as a preventive measure when the diet is adequate
Good nutrition for the 7-12 year old age group requires all of the following EXCEPT: a. prior planning of after-school snacks b. limited soft drink consumption c. good parental role modeling d. asking the child what they want to eat
asking the child what they want to eat
Which of the following synthetic sweeteners should not be given to individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU)? a. saccharin b. sucralose c. aspartame d. neotame
aspartame
Compared to meat eaters, vegetarians tend to have: a. higher fat intakes b. higher intakes of fiber c. higher intakes of complex carbohydrates d. a and b e. b and c
b and c
True statements concerning the water-soluble vitamins include: a. are stored in the body tissues to a large extent b. are easily excreted in the urine c. can be leached out of foods by cooking in water d. a and b e. b and c
b and c
Which of the following statements about trans-fatty acids is true? a. They are made by the body b. Their amounts must be listed on food labels c. They are formed when polyunsaturated oils are hydrogenated d. a, b, c e. b and c
b and c
Which of the following would you recommend for a person with lactose intolerance? a. skim milk b. aged cheese c. yogurt d. b and c
b and c
As an infant ages to one year old, the RDH should: a. remind the parent/caregiver to begin giving low-fat milk instead of formula b. evaluate for thumbsucking and pacifier use c. determine if fruit juices are being given on demand d. a, b, c e. b and c only
b and c only
All of the following are water-soluble vitamins EXCEPT: a. thiamin b. niacin c. riboflavin d. beta-carotene
beta-carotene
Fiber is provided by which of the following food groups? a. meat b. dairy c. vegetable d. grain e. fruit f. all of the above g. c, d, e
c, d, e
Which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body? a. calcium b. phosphorous c. magnesium d. potassium
calcium
The best way to increase consumption of omega-3 fatty acids is to: a. limit intake of seed oils b. consume fish 2-3 times per week c. limit intake of polyunsaturated fats d. take fish oil in supplements
consume fish 2-3 times per week
Which of the following statements is inconsistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? a. choose more fruits b. decrease consumption of low-fat dairy products c. choose more whole grain foods d. decrease portion sizes of animal products
decrease consumption of low-fat dairy products
A niacin deficiency results in the the 3 D's. What are these? a. digestion, diarrhea, dilation of the pupils b. dermatitis, diarrhea, depression c. diabetes, dermatitis, depression d. drunkenness, depression, diarrhea
dermatitis, diarrhea, depression
Oral symptoms of Vitamin B deficiency include all of the following EXCEPT: a. enamel hypoplasia b. angular chelitis c. stomatitis d. glossitis
enamel hypoplasia
When Vitamin A is severely deficient in a child's diet during the time of tooth development, which of the following may occur? a. hyperdontia b. enamel hypoplasia c. dentin hypoplasia d. smaller pulp
enamel hypoplasia
Which of the following symptoms is likely to be observed in the oral cavity of an adult patient who is presently deficient in Vitamin A. a. enamel hypoplasia b. bleeding gingiva c. sores on the lips d. excessive keratinization of the buccal mucosa
excessive keratinization of the buccal mucosa
Excess calories from carbohydrate that the body cannot use as energy will be stored as _______ in the body. a. protein b. fat c. carbohydrate d. neither a, b, or c; it will be eliminated from the body as waste
fat
Which of the following nutrients supplies the greatest amount of energy (calories) per gram? a. vitamins b. minerals c. phytochemicals d. proteins e. fats
fates
All of the following are acceptable benefits of fats in foods except one. Which is the EXCEPTION? a. fats contribute to the taste and smell of foods b. fats carry fat-soluble vitamins c. fats provide a low-calorie source of energy compared to carbohydrates d. fats provide essential fatty acids
fats provide a low-calorie source of energy compared to carbohydrates
The most significant dietary influence on the development of dental caries is: a. fermentable carbohydrates b. vitamins c. minerals d. fats e. proteins
fermentable carbohydrates
Major roles of calcium in the body's fluids include all of the following except: a. regulates the transport of ions across cell membranes b. helps maintain normal blood glucose c. is essential for the clotting of blood d. is essential for muscle contractions
helps maintain normal blood glucose
Which of the following nutrients is related to the prevention of neural tube defects? a. Vitamin B-6 b. Vitamin B-12 c. folate d. Vitamin C
folate
Which of the following nutrients is related to the prevention of neural tube defects? a. Vitamin B-6 b. Vitamin B-12 c. folate d. Vitamin C
folate
The most common vitamin deficiency among the B-complex vitamin is usually due to low intake of: a. vitamin B-1 b. vitamin B-2 c. biotin d. folic acid
folic acid
Which of the following B vitamins is especially important for women of childbearing years to prevent neural tube defects? a. Vitamin B-6 b. Vitamin C c. folic acid d. Vitamin B-12
folic acid
The dietary monosaccharides include: a. sucrose, glucose, lactose b. fructose, galactose, glucose c. galactose, maltose, glucose d. glycogen, starch, fructose
fructose, galactose, glucose
To follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, one must do all of the following except: a. give up their favorite foods b. watch portion sizes c. exercise d. omit or limit a few fat-rich foods
give up their favorite foods
During early phases of nutritional deficiency, which epithelial tissue is the most likely to show the deficiency? a. gingival b. lips c. glossal (tongue) d. palatal
glossal (tongue)
Tennis players require immediate bursts of energy which come from a. amino acids (proteins) b. fatty acids (fats) c. glycogen (carbohydrates) d. glycerol (fats)
glycogen (carbohydrates)
Which of the following is true with regard to the ingredients list on a food label? a. ingredients must be listed in ascending order b. ingredients must be listed in descending order c. the ingredient listed first is the primary ingredient d. a, c e. b, c
ingredients must be listed in descending order, b, c
The hormone that is secreted when the blood glucose level is high is: a. glucagon b. thyroxine c. epinephrine d. insulin
insulin
Vitamin C supplements (excessive doses) enhance the absorption of ____________, making overload likely in some people. a. Vitamin E b. iron c. copper d. Vitamin K
iron
Which of the following minerals is most difficult to obtain from the American diet? a. calcium b. phosphorous c. iron d. selenium
iron
Your best friend complains that she is tired all of the time and has a problem concentrating. In addition, she likes to chew ice. Which of the following is your friend likely to have? a. potassium deficiency b. zinc deficiency c. magnesium deficiency d. iron deficiency
iron deficiency
When the body uses fat for fuel (energy) without the help of carbohydrate, this results in the production of: a. ketone bodies b. glucose c. starch d. cellulose
ketone bodies
Lipoproteins are compound lipids composed of each of the following EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? a. linoleic acid b. triglycerides c. phospholipids d. cholesterol
linoleic acid
Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of Vitamin C? a. protects against infections b. produces and maintains collagen c. promotes the absorption of iron d. maintain blood pH
maintain blood pH
Consistently high doses of folic acid can: a. mask a deficiency of Vitamin b-12 b. act as an antioxidant c. increase the risk of heart disease d. increase the need for other B vitamins
mask a deficiency of Vitamin b-12
"Although fat intake may have a positive effect on the teeth, the _______________ of the patient MUST be considered when providing nutritional counseling." a. medical history b. likes and dislikes c. social eating habits d. ethnic customs
medical history
All of the following are good sources of Vitamin C except: a. citrus fruits b. strawberries c. milk d. broccoli
milk
Which consumption pattern of fermenable carbs is considered most cariogenic? a. a single exposure to a large quantity b. a single exposure to a small quantity c. multiple exposures of small quantities d. multiple exposures of followed by chewing sugarless gum
multiple exposures of small quantities
The strategy of combining two incomplete plant protein sources so that the amino acids in one food make up for those lacking in the other food is called: a. mutual supplementation b. mutual subtraction c. augmentation d. protein pairing
mutual supplementation
Which of the following factors is most closely linked to the occurence of Type II Diabetes? a. sugar content of the diet b. obesity c. fat content of the diet d. proportion of lean to fat body tissue
obesity
The vitamin D deficiency disease in adults is known as: a. osteomalacia b. pellagra c. rickets d. osteodystrophy
osteomalacia
Which of the following is a classic oral sign of iron deficiency? a. angular chelitis b. pallor and swelling of the tongue c. swelling of the lips d. loosening of the teeth
pallor and swelling of the tongue
A ________ bond is formed between the amine group end of one amino acid and the acid group end of the next amino acid in a protein. a. peptide b. amino acid c. denaturized d. saturated
peptide
Substances within food that provide taste, aroma, color, and possible biological effects are referred to as: a. nutrients b. phytochemicals c. vitamins d. fillers
phytochemicals
Substances within food that provide taste, aroma, color, and possible biological effects are referred to as: a. nutrients b. phytochemicals c. vitamins d. fillers
phytochemicals
Which of the following items of nutrient information is not required on food labels? a. fat in grams per serving b. polyunsaturated fat in grams per serving c. saturated fat in grams per serving d. cholesterol in milligrams per serving
polyunsaturated fat in grams per serving
A deficiency or toxicity state can result in death by cardiac arrest from which of the following minerals? a. iodine b. calcium c. zinc d. potassium
potassium
Which of the following is the major contributing factor for PEM? a. poverty b. lack of nutrition awareness c. cultural practices d. lack of parental guidance in making food choices
poverty
The role of calcium and phosphorous in tooth development is to: Select one: a. promote normal mineralization b. provide the organic enamel matrix c. initiate collagen formation d. aid in synthesis of ameloblasts
promote normal mineralization
Sulfur is adequate in a diet that contains enough: a. fat b. protein c. carbohydrate d. vitamins
protein
In the lecture discussion of basic food groups, legumes (dry beans) are included in which of the following groups? a. dairy and protein b. fruit and vegetables c. protein and vegetables d. vegetable and dairy e. protein and vegetable
protein and vegetables, protein and vegetable
You are trying to eat more like a vegan. Which of the following food combinations would provide you all the essential amino acids and reduced level of fat? a. cheeseburger and fries b. chicken breast and fresh fruit c. red beans and rice d. cheese pizza and milk
red beans and rice
Which of the following accounts for the difference between different amino acids? a. the amine group b. the acid group c. the side chain d. a and b e. b and c
the side chain
Which type(s) of fat has the most adverse effect on blood lipid levels? a. monounsaturated b. saturated c. polyunsaturated d. all of the above
saturated
In which of the following situations would a vitamin E deficiency be least likely to occur? a. someone who eats a high fat diet b. someone who uses fat substitutes as the only source of fat c. someone who consumes a low-fat diet composed largely of convenience foods d. someone with a disease condition that causes malabsorption of fat
someone who eats a high fat diet
A primary purpose of proteins in foods is to: a. supply the amino acids that the body needs in making proteins that support growth, tissue maintenance and body functions b. supply the body with calories to support its demand for energy c. build the body's muscle mass d. supply the amino acids that the body needs for growth and development
supply the amino acids that the body needs in making proteins that support growth, tissue maintenance and body functions
Characteristics of Daily Values include all of the following except: a. they apply to all people b. they are used for making nutrient comparisons between different foods c. they are useful as nutrient goals for individuals d. they are a nutrient standard that can be used in place of the RDA
they are useful as nutrient goals for individuals
Characteristics of Daily Values include all of the following except: a. they apply to all people b. they are used for making nutrient comparisons between different foods c. they are useful as nutrient goals for individuals d. they are a nutrient standard that can be used in place of the RDA
they are useful as nutrient goals for individuals
A deficiency of folic acid during embryonic development may cause cleft lip and palate. True False
true
A general function of all essential minerals within the body is their ability to help regulate body functions. True False
true
Copper is essential to formation of red blood cells and connective tissue or collagen. True False
true
Meats are a good sources of phosphorous. True False
true
The type of vegetarian most at risk for nutrient deficiencies is the: a. vegan b. lacto-ovovegetarian c. ovovegetarian d. semi-vegetarian
vegan
While performing on oral exam on a 39 year old male patient, the patient comments that he has lost his taste perception after cutting way back on his protein intake. Which of the following minerals may be missing from his diet and is likely related to an altered taste perception? a. iodine b. zinc c. magnesium d. copper
zinc
