Nutrition Final

The protein produced by the fat cells under the direction of the ob gene is called: a. Leptin b. Orlistat c. Sibutramine d. Lipoprotein lipase

Leptin

Treatment for all kidney stones includes: a. Dietary oxalate restriction b. Dietary protein restriction c. Vitamin C supplementation d. A fluid intake that maintains a urine volume of at least 2 ½ liters per day

d. A fluid intake that maintains a urine volume of at least 2 ½ liters per day

To prevent cryptosporidiosis, a person with HIV infection may need to: a. Wash hands carefully before meals b. Avoid consuming undercooked meat, poultry, and eggs c. Consume a high-kcalorie, high-protein diet d. Boil drinking water for one minutes

d. Boil drinking water for one minutes

Which of these dietary substances may help to protect against cancer? a. Alcoholic beverages b. Well-cooked meats, poultry, and fish c. Animal fats d. Compounds in fruits and vegetables

d. Compounds in fruits and vegetables

The nutrition care process is a systematic approach for: a. Identifying the nutrient content of foods b. Ordering special diets c. Conducting nutrition screening d. Identifying and meeting the nutrition needs of patients

d. Identifying and meeting the nutrition needs of patients

Because of their central role in health care, nurses are well positioned for: a. Calculating the patients' nutrient needs b. Providing medical nutrition therapy c. Conducting complete nutrition assessments d. Identifying patients at risk for malnutrition

d. Identifying patients at risk for malnutrition

Examples of low-kcalorie, high quality protein foods include: a. Cottage cheese, sour cream, and eggs b. Green and yellow vegetables and citrus fruits c. Potatoes, rice, pasta, and whole-grain breads d. Lean meats, poultry, fish legumes, fat-free milk, and eggs

d. Lean meats, poultry, fish legumes, fat-free milk, and eggs

Which food below should be avoided by a patient consuming a low-microbial diet? a. Baked potato b. Pasteurized yogurt c. Banana d. Leftover luncheon meat

d. Leftover luncheon meat

Rewards of physical activity during pregnancy may include: a. Weight loss b. Decreased incidence of pica c. Relief from morning sickness d. Reduced stress and easier labor

d. Reduced stress and easier labor

People with ascites must often restrict dietary intake of: a. Fat b. Protein c. Sugars d. Sodium

d. Sodium

What is a common treatment for hyperkalemia? a. Eliminating potassium from the diet b. Using potassium-wasting diuretics to increase potassium losses c. Increasing fluid intake to maintain high urine volume d. Using potassium-exchange resins, which bind potassium in the GI tract

d. Using potassium-exchange resins, which bind potassium in the GI tract

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys a. Activation of vitamin K b. Maintenance of acid-base balance c. Elimination of metabolic waste products d. Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balances

a. Activation of vitamin K

In people with HIV infection, mouth sores may be caused by all of the following, except: a. Cryptosporidiosis b. Kaposi's sarcoma c. Herpes simplex virus d. Candidiasis

a. Cryptosporidiosis

For the patient with persistent vomiting, the major nutrition-related concern(s) is/are: a. Dehydration and malnutrition b. Reflux esophagitis c. Dyspepsia d. Peptic ulcers

a. Dehydration and malnutrition

What is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease? a. Diabetes mellitus b. Hypertension c. Autoimmune disease d. Exposure to toxins

a. Diabetes mellitus

Three symptoms of lead toxicity are: a. Diarrhea, irritability, and fatigue b. Low blood sugar, hair loss, and skin rash c. Increased HR, hyperactivity, and dry skin d. Bleeding gums, brittle fingernails, and swollen glands

a. Diarrhea, irritability, and fatigue

Two risk factors for malnutrition in older adults are: a. Loneliness and multiple medication use b. Increased energy needs and lack of fiber c. Decreased mineral absorption and antioxidant intake d. High carbohydrate intake and lack of physical activity

a. Loneliness and multiple medication use

Which sign of PEM would be unlikely to show up in a physical examination? a. Low serum protein levels b. Dull, brittle hair c. Poor wound healing d. Wasting

a. Low serum protein levels

Megestrol acetate and dronabinol are: a. Medications used to promote weight gain b. Protease inhibitors that fight HIV infection c. Medications that treat common opportunistic infections d. Anabolic hormones that promote gain of muscle tissue

a. Medications used to promote weight gain

To conduct complete nutrition assessments, clinicians rely on several sources of information, which include all of the following except: a. Nutrition care plans b. Body measurements c. Medical, medication, and social histories d. Biochemical analyses

a. Nutrition care plans

Dietary concerns after a liver transplant include all of the following except: a. Severe protein restrictions that are difficult to adhere to b. Increased risk of foodborne illness c. Gastrointestinal side effects of medications d. Altered appetite and taste perception from medications

a. Severe protein restrictions that are difficult to adhere to

A person with celiac disease must avoid products containing: a. Wheat, barley, and rye b. Lactose c. Excessive fat d. Corn, rice, and millet

a. Wheat, barley, and rye

Although many cancer patients lose weight, which type of cancer is ofter associated with weight gain? a. Kidney cancer b. Breast cancer c. Colon cancer d. Lung cancer

b. Breast cancer

Which of the following nutrients may be unintentionally restricted when a patient restricts phosphorus intake? a. Fluid b. Calcium c. Potassium d. Sodium

b. Calcium

A person with chronic kidney disease who has been following a renal diet for several years begins hemodialysis treatment. An appropriate dietary adjustment would be to: a. Reduce protein intake b. Consume protein more liberally c. Increase intakes of sodium and water d. Consume potassium and phosphorus more liberally

b. Consume protein more liberally

Common nutrition problems associated with bacterial overgrowth in the stomach and small intestine include: a. Sensitivity to gluten b. Fat malabsorption and vitamin B12 deficiency c. Constipation d. Permanent loss of digestive enzymes

b. Fat malabsorption and vitamin B12 deficiency

two causes of obesity in humans are: a. Set-point theory and BMI b. Genetics and physical inactivity c. Genetics and low-carbohydrate diets d. Mineral imbalances and fat cell imbalance

b. Genetics and physical inactivity

HIV can enter and destroy: a. Epithelial cells b. Helper T cells c. Liver cells d. Intestinal cells

b. Helper T cells

In patients who develop lipodystrophy, which abnormality is unlikely? a. Increased abdominal fat b. Increased fat in the arms and legs c. Fat accumulation at the base of the neck d. Hypertriglyceridemia

b. Increased fat in the arms and legs

The nephrotic syndrome frequently results in: a. The uremic syndrome b. Oliguria c. Edema d. Renal colic

b. Oliguria

Mr. Hom experiences loss of appetite, difficulty swallowing, and mouth pain as a consequence of illness. Mr. Hom is at risk of malnutrition due to: a. Altered metabolism b. Reduced food intake c. Altered excretion of nutrients d. Altered digestion and absorption

b. Reduced food intake

Dietary recommendations for patients with the nephritic syndrome include: a. A high protein intake b. Sodium restriction c. Potassium and phosphorus restrictions d. Fluid restriction

b. Sodium restriction

Fluid requirements for oliguric patients are estimated by adding about ____ milliliters to the volume of urine output a. 100 b. 300 c. 500 d. 750

c. 500

Most kidney stones are made primarily from: a. Struvite b. Uric acid c. Calcium oxalate d. Cysteine

c. Calcium oxalate

The metabolic changes that often accompany cancer include all of the following except: a. Increased triglyceride breakdown b. Increased protein turnover c. Increased muscle protein synthesis d. Insulin resistance

c. Increased muscle protein synthesis

After a liver transplant, a major health concern is: a. Jaundice b. Bile insufficiency c. Infection d. Hepatic coma

c. Infection

An advantage of radiation therapy over chemotherapy is that: a. Radiation is not damaging to rapidly dividing cells b. Side effects of radiation therapy do not include malnutrition c. Radiation can be directed toward the regions affected by cancer d. The radiation used is too weak to damage GI tissues

c. Radiation can be directed toward the regions affected by cancer

Enteral vs. Parenteral

Enteral- Uses GI tract -Oral and tube feedings -If GI tract function is adequate Parenteral-Uses veins -If GI function isn't adequate

When introducing new foods to children: a. Reward children as they try new foods b. Offer many choices to encourage variety c. Offer one new food at the end of the meal d. Offer one new food at the beginning of the meal

d. Offer one new food at the beginning of the meal

The faster-growing age group in the United States is: a. Under 21 years of age b. 30 to 45 years of age c. 50 to 70 years of age d. Over 85 years of age

d. Over 85 years of age

What is the best approach to weight loss? a. Avoid foods containing carbohydrates b. Eliminate all fats from the diet, and decrease water intake c. Greatly increase protein intake to prevent body protein loss d. Reduce daily energy intake, and increase energy expenditure

d. Reduce daily energy intake, and increase energy expenditure

A malnourished, acutely ill patient has just begun to eat after days without significant amounts of food. Which of the following blood test results would change most quickly as the patient's nutrition and health status improves? a. Albumin b. Transferrin c. Serum electrolytes d. Retinol-binding protein

d. Retinol-binding protein

A disease of the immune system that involves painful inflammation of the joints is: a. Sarcopenia b. Osteoarthritis c. Senile dementia d. Rheumatoid arthritis

d. Rheumatoid arthritis

For malnourished and underweight people, protein and energy-dense snacks include: a. Fresh fruits and vegetables b. Yogurt and cottage cheese c. Whole grains and high-fiber legumes d. Scrambled eggs, and peanut butter on wheat toast

d. Scrambled eggs, and peanut butter on wheat toast

Of the following data collected during a nutrition screening, which item does not place the person at risk for malnutrition? a. Having a health problem that is frequently associated with PEM b. Using prescription medications that affect nutrient needs c. Residing with a spouse in a middle-income neighborhood d. Significantly reducing food intake over the past five or more days

d. Significantly reducing food intake over the past five or more days

To balance the day's intake, an adolescent who eats a hamburger, fries, and chocolate shake, at lunch might benefit most from a dinner of: a. Fried chicken, rice, and banana b. Ribeye steak, baked potato, and salad c. Pork chop, mashed potatoes, and apple juice d. Spaghetti with meat sauce, broccoli, and milk

d. Spaghetti with meat sauce, broccoli, and milk

The health practitioner working with a patient with dysphagia should recognize that: a. Highly seasoned foods are often restricted b. Regular diets do not meet nutrient needs, so supplements are required c. Pureed foods should be given to minimize the risk of aspiration d. The foods allowed are those that can be comfortably and safely chewed and swallowed

d. The foods allowed are those that can be comfortably and safely chewed and swallowed

The addition of solid foods to an infant's diet should be governed by all of the following considerations except: a. The infant's nutrient needs b. The need to detect and control allergies c. The infant's physical readiness to handle different forms of foods d. The infant's sleep duration & patterns

d. The infant's sleep duration & patterns

The nurse using a feeding tube to deliver medications recognizes that: a. Medications given by feeding tube generally do not cause GI complaints b. Medications can usually be added directly to the feeding container c. Enteral formulas do not interact with medications in the same way that foods do d. Thick or sticky liquid medications and crushed tablets can clog feeding tubes

d. Thick or sticky liquid medications and crushed tablets can clog feeding tubes

Which of the following strategies is not effective? a. Play first, eat later b. Provide small portions c. Encourage children to help prepare meals d. Use dessert as a reward for eating vegetables

d. Use dessert as a reward for eating vegetables

Three hazards of fasting are: a. Water weight loss, decrease in mental alertness, & wasting of lean tissue b. Water weight gain, impairment of disease resistance, & lowering of body temperature c. Water weight gain, decrease in mental alertness, and impairment of disease resistance d. Wasting of lean tissue, impairment of disease resistance, and disturbances of the body's salt and water balance

d. Wasting of lean tissue, impairment of disease resistance, and disturbances of the body's salt and water balance

18. The BMI range that correlates with the fewest health risks is: a. 16.5-20.9 b. 18.5-24.9 c. 25.5-30.9 d. 30.5-34.9

b. 18.5-24.9

For a woman who is at the appropriate weight for height and is carrying a single fetus, the recommended weight gain during pregnancy is: a. 40-60 pounds b. 25-35 pounds c. 10-20 pounds d. 20-40 pounds

b. 25-35 pounds

A patient needs 1800 milliliters of formula a day. If the patient is to receive formula intermittently every four hours, how many milliliters of formula will she need at each feeding? a. 225 b. 300 c. 400 d. 425

b. 300

The %UBW of a person who weighs 135 pounds and has a usual body weight of 150 pounds is: a. 111 percent b. 90 percent c. 86 percent d. 74 percent

b. 90 percent

Of the following, which enteral feeding method would be inappropriate? a. A bolus feeding via nasogastric tube b. A bolus feeding via nasojejunal tube c. An intermittent feeding via gastrostomy d. A continuous feeding using an infusion pump

b. A bolus feeding via nasojejunal tube

Three factors that affect the body's basal metabolic rate are: a. Height, weight, and energy intake b. Age, body composition, and height c. Fever, body composition, and altitude d. Weight, fever, and environmental temperature

b. Age, body composition, and height

The main dietary recommendation for patients with gastritis or peptic ulcers is to consume foods that: a. Neutralize stomach acidity b. Are well tolerated and do not cause discomfort c. Coat the stomach lining d. Promote healing of mucosal tissue

b. Are well tolerated and do not cause

Strategies to improve nutrition status when growing old include: a. Increasing vitamin A intake and exercising 30 minutes daily b. Choosing nutrient-dense foods and maintaining appropriate weight c. Avoiding high-fiber foods and taking a daily vitamin-mineral supplement d. Eating at least one big meal per day and drinking at least 10 glasses of water daily

b. Choosing nutrient-dense foods and maintaining appropriate weight

Following a gastrectomy, patients can gently minimize the risk of dumping syndrome by: a. Increasing intake of carbohydrates and avoiding fatty foods b. Consuming liquids between meals and avoiding foods that supply sugars c. Consuming a high-fiber diet and minimizing meat and cheese intake d. Including milk products with each meal to provide protein

b. Consuming liquids between meals and avoiding foods that supply sugars

Which strategy would not help an underweight person to gain weight? a. Exercise b. Drink plenty of water c. Eat snacks between meals d. Eat large portions of foods

b. Drink plenty of water

Allergic reactions to foods are more often caused by: a. Corn, rice, or meats b. Eggs, peanuts, or milk c. Red meats, milk, or MSG d. Seafood, dark greens, or lactose

b. Eggs, peanuts, or milk

Which blood test values often indicate the presence of liver disease? a. Elevated albumin levels b. Elevated liver enzyme levels c. Reduced bilirubin levels d. Reduced alkaline phosphatase levels

b. Elevated liver enzyme levels

Nutrition problems that may result from fat malabsorption include all of the following except: a. Weight loss b. Essential amino acid deficiencies c. Bone loss d. Oxalate kidney stones

b. Essential amino acid deficiencies

Lactulose, a nonabsorbable disaccharide, is generally prescribed to patients who develop which complication of cirrhosis? a. Portal hypertension b. Hepatic encephalopathy c. Bile insufficiency d. Ascites

b. Hepatic encephalopathy

Two nutrients that are usually lacking in adolescents' diets are: a. Zinc and fat b. Iron and calcium c. Protein and thiamin d. Vitamin A and riboflavin

b. Iron and calcium

Iron is typically excluded from parenteral solutions, in part, because: a. Requirements for iron vary substantially from person to person b. Iron can destabilize solutions that include lipid emulsions c. Iron restriction is necessary in persons using warfarin therapy d. Iron promotes fat deposition in the liver

b. Iron can destabilize solutions that include lipid emulsions

Which of the following is a characteristic of iron deficiency in children? a. It rarely develops in those with high intakes of milk b. It affect brain function before anemia sets in c. It's a primary factor in hyperactivity d. Milk deficiency enhances mental performance by lowering physical activity level, thereby leading to increased attention span.

b. It affect brain function before anemia sets in

Physical activity does not help a person to: a. Lose weight b. Lose fat in trouble spots c. Retain muscle d. Maintain weight loss

b. Lose fat in trouble spots

As carbohydrate and fat stores are depleted during fasting or starvation the body then uses ________ as its fuel source. a. Alcohol b. Protein c. Glucose d. Triglycerides

b. Protein

The biggest problem associated with the use of prescription drugs in the treatment of obesity is: a. Cost b. The necessity for long-term use c. Ineffectiveness d. Adverse side effects

b. The necessity for long-term use

Which of the following does not explain why dehydration is a risk for older adults? a. They do not seem to feel thirsty b. Total body water increases with age c. They may find it difficult to get a drink d. They may have difficulty swallowing liquids

b. Total body water increases with age

Inadequate milk intake and limited exposure to sunlight contribute to older adults' risk of: a. Vitamin A deficiency b. Vitamin D deficiency c. Riboflavin deficiency d. Vitamin B12 deficiency

b. Vitamin D deficiency

A nutritionally sound weight-loss diet might restrict daily energy intake to create a: a. 1000-kcalorie-per-month deficit b. 500-kcalorie-per-month deficit c. 500-kcalorie-per-day deficit d. 3500-kcalorie-per-day deficit

c. 500-kcalorie-per-day deficit

The profile of central obesity is sometimes referred to as a(n): a. Beer b. Pear c. Apple d. Potato

c. Apple

Esophageal varices are a dangerous complication of liver disease primarily because they: a. Interfere with food intake b. Divert blood flow from the GI tract c. Can lead to massive bleeding d. Contribute to hepatic encephalopathy

c. Can lead to massive bleeding

Common complications of parenteral nutrition include all of the following except: a. Increased infection risk b. Fatty liver c. Diarrhea d. Gallbladder disease

c. Diarrhea

During the growth spurt of adolescence: a. Females gain more weight than males b. Males gain more fat, proportionately, than females c. Differences in body composition between males and females become apparent d. Similarities in body composition between males and females become apparent

c. Differences in body composition between males and females become apparent

Chronic pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis are both treated with: a. Intestinal resection b. Postural drainage c. Enzyme replacement therapy d. Stool softeners

c. Enzyme replacement therapy

When carbohydrate is not available to provide energy for the brain, as in starvation, the body produces ketone bodies from: a. Glucose b. Glycerol c. Fatty acid fragments d. Amino acids

c. Fatty acid fragments

Two nutrients need in large amounts during pregnancy for rapid cell proliferation are: a. Vitamin B12 & Vitamin C b. Calcium & Vitamin B12 c. Folate & Vitamin B12 d. Copper & Zinc

c. Folate & Vitamin B12

After a gastric bypass operation, the patient should be monitored for all of the following conditions except: a. Anemia b. Bone disease c. Hiatal hernia d. Fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies

c. Hiatal hernia

Despite the intestine's capacity for adaptation, removal of which section of the intestine will likely result in fat malabsorption and multiple nutrient deficiencies? a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum d. Colon

c. Ileum

Breast milk is recommended for the first 12 months of life because it offers complete nutrition and _________ to the infant. a. Fluoride b. Fructose c. Immunological protection d. Pica

c. Immunological protection

During the first year of life, the most important step to undertake to encourage healthy eating is to: a. Give food as a reward or for comfort b. Give sweets as a reward for eating vegetables c. Introduce a variety of nutritious foods in an inviting way d. Restrict fat to less than 30 percent of energy intake

c. Introduce a variety of nutritious foods in an inviting way

Chronic gastritis may increase risk of: a. Dumping syndrome b. Bone disease c. Iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies d. Gallbladder disease

c. Iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies

To help teenagers consume a balanced diet, parents can: a. Monitor the teens' food intake b. Give up - parents can't influence teenagers c. Keep the cabinets and refrigerator well stocked d. Forbid snacking and insist on regular, well-balanced meals

c. Keep the cabinets and refrigerator well stocked

Suggestions to change behaviors for successful weight control include: a. Shop only when hungry b. Eat in front of the TV for distraction c. Learn appropriate portion sizes d. Eat quickly

c. Learn appropriate portion sizes

Which of the following is not true? Children who watch a lot of television are likely to: a. Become obese b. Spend less time being physically active c. Learn healthy eating tips from programs d. Eat the foods most often advertised on television

c. Learn healthy eating tips from programs

Osmotic diarrhea often results from: a. Excessive colonic contractions b. Excessive fluid secretion by the intestines c. Nutrient malabsorption d. Viral, bacterial, or protozoal infections

c. Nutrient malabsorption

Treating GERD with proton-pump inhibitors is effective because: a. Provide a protective barrier between gastric acid and the esophageal mucosa b. Reduce pressure within the stomach c. Reduce gastric acid secretion d. Strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter

c. Reduce gastric acid secretion

Which of the following lifestyle habits can enhance the length and quality of people's lives? a. Moderate smoking b. Six hours of sleep daily c. Regular physical activity d. Skipping breakfast

c. Regular physical activity

Patients using home parenteral nutrition: a. Usually prefer continuous rather than cyclic infusions b. Are unable to travel or work away from home c. Require infusion pumps for use at home d. Can only obtain 2-in-1 solutions and so must infuse liquids separately

c. Require infusion pumps for use at home

The obesity theory that suggests the body chooses to be at a specific weight is the: a. Fat cell theory b. Enzyme theory c. Set-point theory d. External cue theory

c. Set-point theory

With respect to protein intake, patients with hepatic encephalopathy should: a. Consume a high-protein diet b. Restrict protein intake to avoid elevation in serum ammonia c. Spread protein intake evenly throughout the day d. Use formulas enriched with aromatic amino acids to meet their protein needs

c. Spread protein intake evenly throughout the day

What would be the most appropriate reason to choose a formula that provides 2 kcalories per milliliter of fluid? a. The patient has diarrhea b. The patient has chronic kidney disease c. The patient is unable to tolerate large volumes of fluid d. The patient requires a low-residue diet

c. The patient is unable to tolerate large volumes of fluid

If a patient with dysphagia has difficulty swallowing solids but can easily swallow liquids: a. The patient may have achalasia b. The problem is most likely a motility disorder c. The problem is probably an esophageal obstruction d. The patient most likely has oropharyngeal dysphagia

c. The problem is probably an esophageal obstruction

A pregnant women needs an extra 450 calories above the allowance for nonpregnant women during which trimester(s)? a. First b. Second c. Third d. First, second, & third

c. Third

20. Which of the following health risks is not associated with being overweight? a. Hypertension b. Heart disease c. Type I diabetes d. Gallbladder disease

c. Type I diabetes

Fluid retention can cause all of the following effects except: a. Weight gain b. Facial puffiness c. Weight loss d. Tight-fitting shoes

c. Weight loss

Diverticulosis is most often associated with: a. Aging b. Inadequate exercise c. Intestinal surgery d. A high-fiber diet

a. Aging

The largest component of energy expenditure is: a. Basal metabolism b. Physical activity c. Indirect calorimetry d. Thermic effect of food

a. Basal metabolism

Which of the following reflects height and weight? a. Body mass index b. Central obesity c. Waist circumference d. Body composition

a. Body mass index

Which of the following statements about hepatitis is true? a. Chronic hepatitis can progress to cirrhosis b. Whatever the cause of hepatitis, symptoms are typically severe c. Vaccines are available to protect against hepatitis A, B, and C viruses d. HCV infection is usually spread through contaminated foods and water

a. Chronic hepatitis can progress to cirrhosis

Possible consequences of GERD include all of the following except: a. Gastric ulcer b. Reflux esophagitis c. Dysphagia d. Barrett's esophagus

a. Gastric ulcer

A complication of cirrhosis that contributes to the development of ascites is: a. Portal hypertension b. Increased sodium excretion by the kidneys c. Elevated serum albumin levels d. Bile obstruction

a. Portal hypertension

Compared with intermittent tube feedings, continuous feedings: a. Require an infusion pump b. Allow greater freedom of movement c. Are more similar to normal patterns of eating d. Are associated with more GI side effects

a. Require an infusion pump

Refeeding syndrome causes dangerous fluctuations in: a. Serum electrolytes b. Serum liver enzyme levels c. Blood triglyceride levels d. Ketone bodies

a. Serum electrolytes

The most important single predictor of an infant's future health and survival is: a. The infant's birthweight b. The infant's iron status at birth c. The mother's weight at delivery d. The mother's prepregnancy weight

a. The infant's birthweight

All of the following describe the behavior of fat cells except: a. The number decreases when fat is lost from the body b. The storage capacity for fat depends on both cell number and cell size c. The size is larger in obese people than in normal-weight people d. The number increases most rapidly during the growth years and tapers off when adult status is reached

a. The number decreases when fat is lost from the body

Ideal candidate for parenteral nutrition include all of the following except: a. A patient with complete intestinal obstruction b. A person with short bowel syndrome c. A patient with intractable diarrhea d. A person with severe swallowing disorder

d. A person with severe swallowing disorder

Which of the following is among the better-known relationships between nutrition and disease prevention? a. Appropriate fiber intake helps prevent goiter b. Moderate sodium intake helps prevent obesity c. Moderate sugar intake helps prevent hypertension d. Appropriate energy intake helps prevent diabetes and cardiovascular disease

d. Appropriate energy intake helps prevent diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome most often include: a. Nausea and vomiting b. Weight loss and malnutrition c. Strong odors and obstructions d. Constipation, diarrhea, and flatulence

d. Constipation, diarrhea, and flatulence

Which dietary assessment method does a nurse use to conduct kcalorie count? a. 24-hour recall interview b. Food frequency questionnaire c. Food record d. Direct observation

d. Direct observation

The health practitioner advising an elderly patient with constipation encourages the patient to: a. Consume a low-fat diet low in sodium b. Consume a high-protein diet rich in calcium c. Eliminate gas-forming foods from the diet d. Gradually add high-fiber foods to the diet

d. Gradually add high-fiber foods to the diet

A mother's pregnancy nutrition is important to a healthy pregnancy because it determines the development of: a. The largest baby possible b. Adequate maternal iron stores c. An adequate fat supply for the mother d. Healthy support tissues (placenta, amniotic sac, umbilical cord, & uterus)

d. Healthy support tissues (placenta, amniotic sac, umbilical cord, & uterus)

The primary cause of most peptic ulcers is: a. Consumption of spicy foods b. Psychological stress c. Smoking cigarettes d. Helicobacter pylori infection

d. Helicobacter pylori infection

After an ileostomy, the most serious concern is that: a. The diet is too restrictive to meet nutrient needs b. Waste disposal causes frequent daily interruptions c. Fluid restrictions prevent patients from drinking beverages freely d. Incompletely digested foods may cause obstructions

d. Incompletely digested foods may cause obstructions

In cases of fatty liver that are unrelated to excessive alcohol intakes, the primary risk factor is: a. Following a high-protein diet b. Use of illicit drugs c. Following a high-fat diet d. Insulin resistance

d. Insulin resistance

An acceptable substitute for breast milk during the first year is: a. Low-fat cow's milk b. Apple juice c. Water d. Iron-fortified infant formula

d. Iron-fortified infant formula

Two activities that contribute to the basal metabolic rate are: a. Walking and running b. Maintenance of heartbeat and running c. Maintenance of body temperature and walking d. Maintenance of heartbeat and body temperature

d. Maintenance of heartbeat and body temperature

Isotonic

osmolality similar to blood serum

Hypertonic

Osmolality greater then blood serum