nutrition final
Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract?
Crohn's disease
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
In order for a dietary supplement to be on the market, all research studies on the supplement must show a beneficial effect on health.
Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?
boiling in a saucepan of water
Which of the following statements is true?
The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65 % of total energy intake.
Which of the following statements is true?
The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake.
An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the
amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population.
Jeanette is a vegan concerned about her iron intake. Which of the following practices would you recommend to Jeanette to increase her iron intake from plant foods?
cooking vegetables in a cast iron skillet with tomatoes or lemon juice
Kristan uses %DVs to help plan nutritious menus with various packaged foods. She should try to obtain at least 100% of the Daily Value for which of the following nutrients?
fiber
When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as
glycogen.
is a chemical pathway that enables muscle cells and liver to store glucose as glycogen.
glycogenesis
Compared to a triglyceride molecule, an amino acid molecule
has nitrogen in its chemical structure
Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues?
hdl
Ashley's BMI is 23.7. Based on this information, her weight is in the ________ range.
healthy
The ________ is the third segment of the small intestine.
ileum
Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?
ldl
Justin's blood cholesterol levels are too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add?
legumes (eg black beans)
Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to ________ while he has this illness.
lose weight rapidly
Adding a small amount of ________ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.
olive oil
Major functions of lipids include all of the following EXCEPT ________.
stimulate the production of vitamins and minderals
At least some of our taste preferences are inherited or determined by our genes.
true
Which of the following foods is NOT a good source of thiamin?
whole milk
Maintenance of normal extracellular fluid volume depends largely on the extracellular concentration of ________ ions.
sodium and chloride
To conserve the vitamin content of foods, ____
stir-fry instead of boil
Which of the following is a micronutrient?
Iron
Which of the following sources of information features peer-reviewed articles?
Journal of the American medical association
Paul just had a cholecystectomy. Which of the following dietary modifications should he consider?
REDUCE HIS LIPID INTAKE
To establish a nutrient's RDA, nutrition scientists add ________ of the nutrient to its EAR.
a "margin of safety" amount
Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals?
blueberries
In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to ________.
eat breakfast daily
Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should
not worry, because she is not constipated.
Which of the following statements is false?
According to scientific research most dietary supplements provide considerable health benefits.
Which of the following statements is true?
The first amendment of the us constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation.
The citric acid cycle is a/an ________ process.
aerobic
A large quantity of ATP molecules is produced during
aerobic metabolism when adequate oxygen is present in the cell
Generally, epidemiological studies
cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships.
Becky's 2-year-old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with this birth defect or related disorders, Becky should ________.
consume green leafy vegetables, drink orange juice, and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant
Lydia's diet lacks ________, which is classified as a trace mineral.
copper
Dehydration can cause
death
refers to a condition in which people with type 1 diabetes manipulate their body weight by skipping insulin injections or using less insulin than prescribed.
diabulimia
Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?
dietsnomore4u.com
After moving through the ileocecal sphincter, unabsorbed water and undigested remains of chyme enter the jejunum.
false
Most Americans purchase less than recommended amounts of
fruits
Which of the following compounds is secreted by the human stomach?
gastric juice
Parietal cells secrete ions that form ________ in the stomach.
hydrochloric acid
The ________ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.
large intestine.
acid is an omega-6 fatty acid.
linoleic
Which of the following statements is true?
oxidized ldl contributes to arterial plaque buildup
Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?
pancreas
In the human body, water is involved in ________.
regulating body temperature
The body uses cholesterol to make
steroid hormones
Which of the following statements is true?
the pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
Plants use glucose to make fiber and starch
true
Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he ________.
wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables
Which of the following statements is true?
the FDA can recall a dietary supplement when there is evidence that it is harmful.
Today, Sean only ate three sandwiches made with whole-grain buns, 3 slices of cheese, and 10 ounces of roast beef. He also drank 3 cups of orange juice. According to MyPlate, he ate nothing from the food group that includes
vegetables
Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation?
when members of a population increase their consumption of milk and milk products, their risk for bone fractures decreases.
Max wants to increase his intake of vitamin C without taking a dietary supplement. When he shops for food, he reads Nutrition Facts labels. Which of the following kinds of information will help him choose foods that are the richest sources of vitamin C?
%DV's
Which of the following is NOT a major factor impacting a person's food choices?
Blood type
Which of the following factors has a major influence over a person's food choices?
Close friends
Which of the following standards can help you compare nutritional contents of packaged foods to make more healthful choices?
%DVs
Which of the following foods is both energy and nutrient-dense?
Peanut Butter
Paolo's diet contains high amounts of ________, which is classified as a trace mineral.
chromium
Joe's Estimated Energy Requirement is 2800 kcalores per day. According to the new 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, how many grams of added sugar can Joe include in his healthy, balanced, diet?
70
According to national surveys, approximately ________ of American adults over the age of 20 were either overweight or obese in 2013-2014.
70%
Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on bone health in adults. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin D to one group of human adults, and pills that do not contain the vitamin or other active ingredients to another group of adults. The pills that do not contain vitamin D are
placebos
To improve nutrition and weight status, a primary objective of Healthy People 2020 is to
reduce child and adult consumption of calories from solid fats and added sugars.
Which of the following statements is false?
the internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information because information posted at websites has been peer reviewed.
Which of the following is not a water-soluble vitamin?
vitamin k
Which of the following statements is true?
People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the estimated energy requirement.
A popular women's magazine has an article about the health benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods. If the article's author has the credentials, ________, after his or her name, the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.
RDN
It is best to label food as "good" food or "bad" food. A good rule of thumb is to stay completely away from "bad" food.
false
Which of the following cells of the large intestine secrete mucus?
goblet cells
Lactose is the disaccharide in
milk
A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 100 mL water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies
117 kcals
Bill recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet record. According to the results of the analysis, his average fat intake was ________% of total calories each day, which is within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.
25
The label on a bag of salt-free pretzels indicates that the chips are "low-fat." This means the pretzels provide ________ gram(s) of fat or less per serving.
3
is a condition characterized by the accumulation of scar tissue in the liver leading to its irreversible damage.
Cirrhosis of the liver
Which of the following statements is true?
In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death.
Which of the following measurement techniques is a convenient, practical, and inexpensive way to determine if a person has an unhealthy distribution of body fat?
Measuring the person's waist circumference
Which of the following statements is true?
Most food guides classify eggs in the protein foods group.
Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?
Stroke
Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he
avoid over-eating during meals
Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he
avoid overeating during meals.
Which of the following foods is an excellent source of heme iron?
beef steak
The toxin produced by ________ can cause blurry vision, muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing, and even death.
clostridium botulinum
Which of the following plant oils contains the highest amount of saturated fat per tablespoon?
coconut oil
Esther would like to gain weight, but despite eating regular meals and having no disordered eating practice or eating disorder, her BMI dropped from 19.0 to 16.2 in 1 year. According to this information, Esther's physician will need to ________.
determine whether esther has cancer or another chronic disease
Which of the following is NOT a biological or physiological factor that influences a person's food choices?
emotional stress levels.
It is not necessary for humans to consume sources of water-soluble vitamins daily, because most of them are stored in the liver.
false
Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily. Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight, she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes. Based on this information, Jillian has a high risk of developing
gastroesophageal reflux disease
Which of the following food groups includes foods that are among the best sources of riboflavin?
grains
The process of pasteurization involves the use of
heat to kill pathogens
In-store food marketing efforts are primarily designed to accomplish all of the following EXCEPT
help shoppers make healthy food choices
Which of the following characteristics or conditions increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
hypertension
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
most foods are mixtures of nutrients.
A diet that supplies adequate amounts of nutrients prevents
nutrient-deficiency disorders.
Food guides usually classify sunflower and other seeds in the ________ group.
protein
Which of the following menu items does not contain complementary protein?
salad made with apples, pears, and grapes
Intestinal bacteria produce gases when they metabolize fiber.
true
Iron is the only mineral added to processed grain products during enrichment.
true
It is legal for dietary supplement manufacturers to put ingredients with unproven records of safety in the dietary supplements that they sell.
true
Local health departments have the authority to close restaurants that receive low sanitation scores and prevent them from reopening until food safety hazards have been corrected.
true
Phosphorus is necessary for the body to synthesize phospholipids and ATP.
true
Vitamin A is involved in production of white blood cells.
true