NUTRITION - Final Exam
The number of calories in a gram of each of these nutrients or compounds: carbohydrates ___ protein ___ lipid ___ alcohol ___ water ___
4, 4, 9, 7, 0
True or False A pound of fat contains about 7000 kcals of energy.
False
True or False Alcohol consumption is related to a decreased risk for breast cancer.
False
True or False An individual might be classified as a 'moderate drinker' if they are male and consume up to 4 alcoholic drinks a day or if they are female and consume up to 3 alcoholic drinks a day.
False
True or False It is generally safe and a good idea to drink clear, cold mountain stream water without treatment.
False
True or False Research clearly supports the notion that high sugar foods make children much more hyperactive and excitable.
False
True or False The definition of 'locally grown' produce and foods is tightly regulated and a strict term.
False
True or False The most common result of iodine deficiency is anemia.
False
True or False The most common result of zinc deficiency is goiter.
False
True or False The typical average American diet is plentiful in fiber and meets Adequate Intake (AI) standards.
False
True or False There are over 30 different essential amino acids that you mist obtain from the diet and only two that are non essential that humans can synthesize and make without eating them.
False
True or False Vegetable oils usually have a proportionally higher amount of saturated fats than animal fat.
False
Name at least two resources or programs in communities like Seward or Lincoln from which people that have trouble affording food can obtain free food:
St. John's Food Pantry, SNAP program
True or False A diet containing greater amounts of food that are low dense in calories and high in bulk and fiber may help in managing a healthy body weight.
True
True or False A diet high in added sugars and fat and low in fiber is thought to contribute to developing Type 2 diabetes.
True
True or False A diet high in fiber and low in saturated fat and cholesterol may help prevent CVD.
True
True or False A double blind study means that neither the researcher scientist conducting the study nor the study subjects know which group is getting the real treatment and which is getting a placebo treatment.
True
True or False A good source of omega 3 fatty acids would generally be vegetable oils and fatty fish.
True
True or False A major difference between proteins and fats or carbohydrates is that proteins contain nitrogen.
True
True or False A non-nutritive sweetener would be aspartame.
True
True or False A nutritive sweetener would be sucrose.
True
True or False About 3 of every 4 consumers polled said they would prefer locally produced food.
True
True or False Agricultural economists and nutritionists project that the growing worldwide demand for meat and high quality protein will primarily be met in the immediate future by chickens, pigs, and cattle.
True
True or False Alcohol consumption is related to an increased risk of colon cancer.
True
True or False Alcohol consumption is related to an increased risk of liver cancer.
True
True or False Alcohol consumption is related to an increased risk of pancreatic cancer.
True
True or False Alcohol consumption may increase the risk of developing hypertension.
True
True or False Alcohol consumption may increase the risk of stroke.
True
True or False An obesogenic environment might be one in which individuals are exposed to empty calorie and calorie dense foods, and in which physical activity is absent or discouraged.
True
True or False Animal fats usually have a proportionally higher amount of saturated fats than vegetable oil.
True
True or False Buying locally grown food would probably stimulate the local economy more than buying a big corporation labelled food grown in California or Florida.
True
True or False Corn oil would generally be considered to be healthier than coconut or palm oil due to its higher proportion of unsaturated fats.
True
True or False In the US, more people suffer from over nutrition than undernutrition.
True
True or False Locally grown food might likely be fresher, taste better, and one can likely find out who grew it and how it was grown.
True
True or False Reducing energy consumption by 500 kcal per day could result in a weight loss of a pound of fat weight in a week.
True
True or False Refined grain products can be a good source of vitamins and minerals if enriched or fortified.
True
True or False Some amino acids that are usually not essential might be considered 'conditionally essential' under certain stages of life or health status.
True
True or False Sustainable agriculture refers to using practices to produce food without depleting the soil, contaminating our rivers, lakes, streams, and groundwater, and without exposing humans to harmful chemicals.
True
True or False The US has one of the safest food and water supply systems in the world.
True
True or False The definition of a certified 'organic' produce of food is tightly regulated and a strict term.
True
True or False The percentage of American adults with Type 2 diabetes has grown tremendously in the last 40 years.
True
True or False There are 20 different amino acids that the body uses to make proteins.
True
True or False Type 2 diabetes is sometimes called 'adult onset' and the pancreas still makes insulin.
True
True or False Unsaturated fats are generally considered healthier than saturated fats.
True
True or False Vegetables are usually low in fat and rich sources of potassium, vitamin A, vitamin C, folate, fiber, and phytochemicals.
True
True or False Vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of childhood blindness.
True
The pH of the stomach is very acidic and is around a pH value of: a. 1 to 2 b. 7 to 8 c. 10 to 11 d. 13 to 14
a. 1 to 2
A 'normal', resting 'euglycemic' blood glucose level would be about: a. 100 mg% b. 500 mg% c. 5 mg% d. 15 mg% e. 1000 mg%
a. 100 mg%
The general formula for maximal heart rate is: a. 220 - individual's age b. 100 - individual's age c. 290 - individual's age d. 350 - two times the individual's age
a. 220 - individual's age
The average American diet contains fat and lipid that approximates this range of daily calories: a. 30-35% b. 5-10% c. 75-85%
a. 30-35%
The number of kcals in a gram of spaghetti noodle starch is: a. 4 b. 7 c. 9 d. 11 e. 1
a. 4
The number of kcals in a gram of table sugar is: a. 4 b. 7 c. 9 d. 11 e. 1
a. 4
It is generally recommended that carbohydrates supply approximately this range of daily calories: a. 45-65% b. 20-35% c. 10-35% d. 70-85%
a. 45-65%
The BCAAs supply approximately this amount of energy for exercising muscle: a. 5-15% b. 55-70% c. 90%+
a. 5-15%
The group of three essential amino acids, valine, leucine, and isoleucine, that may be used to supply 5% to 25% of energy in exercising muscle are also known as: a. BCAAs or Branched Chain Amino Acids b. catecholamines c. MSG or Monosodium Glutamates d. neurotransmitters
a. BCAAs or Branched Chain Amino Acids
The disease in which the body's own immune system attacks the cells and linings of the digestive tract: a. Crohn's disease b. diverticulitis c. hemorrhoids d. lactose intolerance
a. Crohn's disease
Seward, NE pumps its well water that supplies our taps from a vast underground water deposit known as the: a. High Plains or Ogallala Aquifer b. Mississippi Aquifer c. Platte Sediment d. Missouri Deposit
a. High Plains or Ogallala Aquifer
The traditional diet that was very high in fiber, tubers, and vegetables - but has since usually been replaced by the western American diet is: a. Native Indian American diet b. Mexican-Hispanic Heritage diet c. Asian-Japanese diet d. Mediterranean diet e. African American Heritage diet
a. Native Indian American diet
The tax payer funded US government program designed to help lower-income families in the US to obtain enough nutritious food is: a. SNAP program b. UNICEF c. World Bank d. Lutheran Family Services e. Local food pantries
a. SNAP program
When alcohol is metabolized for energy by humans, a particularly nasty chemical is made that seems to make people feel bad when excess alcohol is consumed. This is known as: a. acetaldehyde b. lactic acid c. pyruvate d. fatty acids
a. acetaldehyde
Type 2 diabetes is also referred to as: a. adult onset b. insulin dependent c. juvenile d. infantile
a. adult onset
A substance produced from molds that can have a toxic effect when consumed and is common in areas with warm, humid conditions where grain is not stored properly is called: a. aflatoxin b. rotavirus c. shigella d. botulinum
a. aflatoxin
In females that develop anorexia nervosa, the lack of calories and nutrients can cause hormonal imbalances that lead to cessation of the menstrual cycle for 3 months or longer and is known as: a. amenorrhea b. menarche c. menopause
a. amenorrhea
The enemy that begins digestion of carbohydrates in the saliva and mouth is: a. amylase b. lipase c. pepsin d. lysozyme
a. amylase
A probiotic would be: a. bacteria b. fiber and other nutrients c. antibiotics d. minerals e. caffeine
a. bacteria
The following would be considered a stroke: a. blockage of the carotid artery and blood supply to the brain b. blockage of the coronary artery and blood supply to the heart c. embolus blocking the pulmonary vein and blood supply to the lungs d. embolus blocking the femoral artery and blood supply to the calf muscles
a. blockage of the carotid artery and blood supply to the brain
A modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) would be: a. blood pressure b. family history (genetics) c. age d. gender e. genetic background
a. blood pressure
An example of a nutrient dense food is: a. broccoli b. sugared coca cola c. gummy bear candy
a. broccoli
An example of a macronutrient would be: a. carbohydrates b. vitamins c. minerals d. caffeine e. all of these
a. carbohydrates
Ketone bodies are made when the body is low in: a. carbohydrates b. fats c. water d. proteins
a. carbohydrates
Diabetes and heart disease that are long-term in nature are typically considered to be diseases called: a. chronic b. acute c. terminal d. fatal e. not diet related
a. chronic
The type of lipoprotein that carries absorbed cholesterol and triglycerides from the small intestine to the liver is: a. chylomicrons b. HDL c. LDL d. VLDL
a. chylomicrons
Damage to the liver caused by excessive chronic alcohol consumption is referred to as: a. hypertension b. gout c. cirrhosis d. cancer
a. cirrhosis
The following is a common food additive used to help preserve food and extend its shelf life: a. citric acid b. carrageenan and guar gum c. emulsifiers
a. citric acid
An example of a chronic disease would be: a. diabetes b. head cold c. influenza d. norovirus infection
a. diabetes
Irritable bowel disease usually involves: a. diarrhea and cramping b. vomiting c. constipation d. hemorrhoids
a. diarrhea and cramping
Studies in which data is collected from large population groups are referred to as: a. epidemiological b. in vivo c. causative d. in vitro
a. epidemiological
A hormone that stimulates fat breakdown is: a. epinephrine b. insulin c. estrogen
a. epinephrine
Amino acids that you must get through the food you eat in your diet are referred to as: a. essential amino acids b. proteins c. essential fatty acids d. non essential fatty acids
a. essential amino acids
The primary base contributing factor to a disposition to obesity is: a. genetic b. environmental c. cultural
a. genetic
Cellulose, starch, and glycogen are long chains of this sugar linked together into a polymer: a. glucose b. fructose c. sucrose d. lactose e. galactose
a. glucose
Lactic acid is made during intense exercise from: a. glucose b. fatty acids c. amino acids d. triglycerides
a. glucose
Lactic acid is removed from the blood by the liver and converted via gluconeogenesis to: a. glucose b. fatty acids c. urea d. creatinine
a. glucose
Some amino acids can be converted by the liver in the process of gluconeogenesis to: a. glucose b. fatty acids c. urea d. creatinine
a. glucose
The starch found in spaghetti noodles, potatoes, and grain is many units of this sugar linked together as a large polymer: a. glucose b. fructose c. lactose d. xylitol e. aspartame f. sucrose
a. glucose
The sugar that is also known as 'blood sugar' or 'dextrose': a. glucose b. fructose c. lactose d. maltose e. amylose f. sucrose
a. glucose
The nutrient primarily used during high exercise intensity levels is: a. glucose/carbohydrate b. amino acids/protein c. fatty acids/fat d. keto acids
a. glucose/carbohydrate
The measure of how rapidly a food can cause a rise in blood glucose levels is referred to as the: a. glycemic index b. carcinogenic value c. diabetes value d. glycogen level
a. glycemic index
One advantage of beef cattle to supply high quality meat and protein is that they can live on very marginal land and eat: a. grass b. corn c. soybeans d. potatoes e. pecan pie
a. grass
Water is the recommended source of fluid for athletes exercising at low to moderate intensity for less than 30 to 60 minutes. It is possible to drink too much water and develop water intoxication, which can lead to low blood sodium levels referred to as: a. hyponatremia b. hypokalemia c. hypoglycemia d. hypothermia
a. hyponatremia
In the US, the only food required by law to have a 'sell by' date is: a. infant formula b. milk c. meat d. flour e. eggs f. spices
a. infant formula
A deficiency of this nutrient is common in college age females and is the most common deficiency in the world. The estimated incidence is between 30% and 50% (or even higher) of college age female athletes and is particularly common in female runners. This micronutrient is: a. iron b. copper c. magnesium d. sodium e. zinc
a. iron
An essential fatty acid is: a. linoleic acid b. cholesterol c. oleic acid d. butter
a. linoleic acid
Stomach acid reflux can be problem in some people and involves dysfunction of the: a. lower esophageal sphincter b. pyloric valve c. ileocecal valve d. glottis
a. lower esophageal sphincter
An amino acid that is often limiting (found in proportionally low amounts) in grains: a. lysine b. methionine c. alanine d. glycine e. MSG
a. lysine
An example of a food product containing partially hydrogenated vegetable oil that might contain trans fatty acids is: a. margarine b. butter c. beef tallow
a. margarine
In the first hour after exercise, the muscles take up glucose and amino acids: a. much faster b. much slower c. at about the same rate as usual d. not at all
a. much faster
The primary source for the Seward drinking water problem has been the use of the following agricultural additive that tremendously stimulates corn growth and production: a. nitrogen b. phosphorus c. 'roundup herbicide' (glyphosate) d. potassium/potash
a. nitrogen
The most common food illness caused by a pathogen in the US is due to: a. norovirus b. aflatoxin c. fungi and mold d. prions
a. norovirus
One personality trait that stands out among others for being a major risk factor for developing an eating disorder and anorexia in particular is: a. perfectionism b. friendliness c. need to please others d. socially domineering
a. perfectionism
The most variable factor in daily total energy expenditure (TEE) is: a. physical activity and exercise b. post meal thermogenesis c. water consumption d. carbohydrate depletion
a. physical activity and exercise
The eicosanoids are: a. physiologically active, hormone-like substances derived from arachidonic acid (a fatty acid) b. produced by NSAIDS c. metabolites of blood sugar d. bad chemicals that are found in pizza
a. physiologically active, hormone-like substances derived from arachidonic acid (a fatty acid)
A variety of different compounds from plants that are not nutrients but may influence physiology or body health are known as: a. phytochemicals b. drugs c. toxins d. poisons e. teas
a. phytochemicals
The two food groups of which the average American gets somewhat more than is recommended are: a. protein and grains b. fruits and vegetables c. protein and dairy d. fruits and grains
a. protein and grains
Eating disorders are characterized primarily as: a. psychological b. cultural c. ethnic d. anatomical
a. psychological
The muscle sphincter that regulates stomach emptying into the small intestine is: a. pyloric valve b. lower esophageal sphincter c. epiglottis d. ileocecal valve
a. pyloric valve
The following are problems that generally exist for locally grown food (for major production to supply grocery stores) except for: a. quality b. quanitity c. consistency d. distribution
a. quality
A study that 'looks back' at a group of people about results that have already occurred is called: a. retrospective b. prospective c. cohort d. causative
a. retrospective
The bacteria that can cause disease and is a particular problem with chicken is: a. salmonella b. aflatoxin c. streptococcus d. staphylococcus
a. salmonella
The following is a common food additive used to help preserve food and extend shelf life: a. salt b. guar gum c. carrageenan d. vitamin B
a. salt
A flour that might be recommended for someone with celiac disease that has an allergy to the protein gluten might be one made from: a. soy or sorghum b. wheat c. barley d. rye
a. soy or sorghum
Exercise, some hormones, and proteins/amino acid ingestion can cause a prolonged elevation of metabolism even after the exercise is over and after the meal is consumed. This effect is known as: a. thermogenesis b. anabolism c. gluconeogenesis d. biogenesis
a. thermogenesis
One way to help keep food safe is to keep it: a. very hot or very cold b. in mayo c. in marinade d. warm
a. very hot or very cold
These extensions of the small intestine epithelium tremendously increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract: a. villi b. root hairs c. langerhans cells d. pit cells
a. villi
Giving a supplement of this vitamin in areas of high deficiency rates can decrease the rate of blindness in children tremendously: a. vitamin A b. vitamin B c. vitamin C d. vitamin D
a. vitamin A
People that exercise regularly outdoors or indoors in warm conditions usually need more: a. water b. vitamin C c. vitamin D d. fats
a. water
The most commonly used herbicide on NE soybean and corn crops is the following: a. atrazine b. 'roundup herbicide' (glyphosate) c. potassium/potash d. nitrates/nitrogen
b. 'roundup herbicide' (glyphosate)
What percent of American children and adolescents are obese? a. 4% b. 17% c. 47% d. 77%
b. 17%
It is generally recommended that fats and lipids supply approximately this range of daily calories: a. 45-65% b. 20-35% c. 10-35% d. 70-85%
b. 20-35%
Blood cholesterol values equal to or less than the following would be considered in the healthy range: a. 1000 mg% b. 200 mg% c. 500 mg% d. 2 mg%
b. 200 mg%
The average American diet contains this average amount of kcals of added sugar: a. 50 kcal b. 380 kcal c. 1100 kcal d. 2500 kcal
b. 380 kcal
The number of people is the US that suffer from a food borne illness each year is around: a. 4 million b. 48 million c. 228 million d. 318 million
b. 48 million
The region of the world with the highest percentage of undernourished people is: a. North America b. Africa c. Asia d. Latin America e. Europe
b. Africa
The type of lipoprotein that carries cholesterol from the periphery back to the liver for destruction or further metabolism (referred to as 'good cholesterol'): a. chylomicrons b. HDL c. LDL d. VLDL
b. HDL
The traditional diet known for being high in corn and beans with some whole grains, and moderate to small amounts of poultry and other meats (which in the US has more added red meat and saturated fats from sources like cheese): a. typical American diet b. Mexican-Hispanic Heritage diet c. Asian-Japanese diet d. Mediterranean diet e. African American Heritage diet
b. Mexican-Hispanic Heritage diet
The global organization that is specifically designed to help fight worldwide hunger problems and undernutrition, especially in children is: a. SNAP program b. UNICEF c. World Bank d. Lutheran Family Services e. Local food pantries
b. UNICEF
Muscle dysmorphia us an unhealthy obsession with the body being too small or not muscular enough. The incidence of this in men and women is: a. about the same b. almost always in men c. much higher in women
b. almost always in men
The substance that is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder that aids fat digestion by emulsifying fat and is made from cholesterol: a. acid b. bile c. saliva d. chyme
b. bile
The following would be considered a myocardial infarction: a. blockage of the carotid artery and blood supply to the brain b. blockage of the coronary artery and blood supply to the heart c. embolus blocking the pulmonary vein and blood supply to the lungs d. embolus blocking the femoral artery and blood supply to the calf muscles
b. blockage of the coronary artery and blood supply to the heart
The bacteria than can cause disease and is a particular problem with beef is: a. aflatoxin b. certain strains of e. coli c. streptococcus d. staphylococcus
b. certain strains of e. coli
Taking old thrown away food and other biodegradable trash and converting it back to rich soil is also known as: a. landfilling b. composting c. methanization d. manuring
b. composting
Epidemiological studies in which data is collected from a large population can be valuable in finding results that show: a. causes b. correlations c. biochemical mechanisms
b. correlations
The substance(s) produced by the pancreas that is dumped into the small intestine that helps digest and breakdown a variety of nutrients is: a. acid b. digestive enzymes c. chime
b. digestive enzymes
The disease in which small pockets form in the lower digestive tract and can become inflamed or infected: a. Crohn's disease b. diverticulitis c. inflammatory bowel disease d. hemorrhoids
b. diverticulitis
The most concentrated source of cholesterol in the American diet is: a. salmon b. egg yolks c. pancakes d. bananas
b. egg yolks
Ketone bodies are incompletely metabolized: a. carbohydrates b. fats c. proteins d. vitamins
b. fats
A prebiotic would be: a. bacteria b. fiber and other nutrients c. antibiotics d. minerals e. caffeine
b. fiber and other nutrients
An enzyme found in the stomach responsible for initial lipid or fat digestion is: a. amylase b. gastric lipase c. pepsin d. lysozyme e. lactase
b. gastric lipase
Milk sugar is also known as lactose and is made of: a. glucose and fructose b. glucose and galactose c. amylose and fructose d. maltose
b. glucose and galactose
Some eating disorders in which there is frequent vomiting can cause the body to become dangerously low in potassium levels and is referred to as: a. hyponatremia b. hypokalemia c. hypoglycemia d. hypothermia
b. hypokalemia
An enzyme that digests fats and oils would be: a. amylase b. lipase c. pepsin d. lysozyme e. lactase
b. lipase
An amino acid that is often limiting (found in proportionally low amounts) in legumes: a. lysine b. methionine c. alanine d. glycine e. MSG
b. methionine
Zinc and iodine would be examples of: a. macronutrients b. micronutrients c. food groups d. all of these e. none of these
b. micronutrients
Seward's problem with drinking tap water has been the following molecular compound found in its well water: a. atrazine b. nitrates c. 'roundup herbicide' (glyphosate) d. potassium/potash
b. nitrates
Adults (that might be moderate drinkers) metabolize approximately how many alcoholic drinks in one hour? a. half of one b. one c. two d. three
b. one
This type of diet is high in protein from meat and fish, low in fat, and moderate in carbohydrate. It lacks grains and dairy items but avoids foods with added salt, sugar and fat: a. very-low fat diet b. paleo diet c. keto diet d. Adkins diet e. mayo diet
b. paleo diet
Organically grown foods are: a. nutritionally superior to conventionally produced food b. produced without the use of antibiotics, pesticides, or genetic improvements c. usually less expensive than conventionally produced food d. easier to prepare than conventionally produced food
b. produced without the use of antibiotics, pesticides, or genetic improvements
A study that takes a large group of people and follows them into the future to find relationships between various behaviors like dietary practices and health outcomes is called: a. retrospective b. prospective c. causative
b. prospective
The most common cause of death due to pathogen related food illness is due to: a. norovirus b. salmonella c. fungi and mold d. prions
b. salmonella
The majority of digestion and absorption occurs in the: a. stomach b. small intestine c. large intestine d. mouth
b. small intestine
Pectin and guar gum are examples of: a. insoluble fiber b. soluble fiber c. simple carbohydrates d. chylomicrons
b. soluble fiber
The storage form of fat in your adipose or fat tissue is known as: a. fat b. triglyceride c. starch d. glucose e. glycogen
b. triglyceride
Supplementing this in the diet might help reduce muscle damage, muscle soreness, and inflammation after exercise: a. trace minerals b. vitamin E and antioxidants c. essential fatty acids d. major minerals
b. vitamin E and antioxidants
The amount of food thrown away annually by a typical 4-person American household equates to about this much money: a. $150-350 b. $350-700 c. $1500-2500 d. $3500-5000
c. $1500-2500
In the US, the number of people in the population that are food insecure is: a. 1 in 20 b. 1 in 10 c. 1 in 6 d. 1 in 3
c. 1 in 6
It is generally recommended that proteins supply approximately this range of daily calories: a. 45-65% b. 20-35% c. 10-35% d. 70-85%
c. 10-35%
The amount of food wasted in most US homes is around: a. 50-60% b. 75% c. 15-25% d. 2-5%
c. 15-25%
The body only stores about how many calories of carbohydrates in the form of glycogen: a. 150 b. 350 c. 1500 d. 5500
c. 1500
Worldwide, what percentage of deaths of children under 5 are related to undernutrition? a. 5% b. 10% c. 35% d. 75%
c. 35%
The amount of all human food grown in the US that never reaches the US home is about: a. 10% b. 15% c. 40% d. 75%
c. 40%
The general recommendation for exercise for health benefits is for 20 to 30 minutes 5 or 6 days a week at: a. 20-35% max heart rate b. 30-45% max heart rate c. 50-70% max heart rate d. 90-95% max heart rate
c. 50-70% max heart rate
The body stores about how many calories of fat in the form of triglycerides: a. 700-1000 b. 1500-2000 c. 70,000-100,000
c. 70,000-100,000
The region of the world with the greatest number of undernourished people is: a. North America b. Africa c. Asia d. Latin America e. Europe
c. Asia
The traditional diet known for being high in vegetables, rice, fish, and seafood - sometimes very high in sodium: a. typical American diet b. Mexican-Hispanic Heritage diet c. Asian-Japanese diet d. Mediterranean diet
c. Asian-Japanese diet
The type of lipoprotein that carries cholesterol from the liver to the rest of the cells of the body and is sometimes called 'bad cholesterol': a. triglycerides b. HDL c. LDL d. fatty acids
c. LDL
The global organization designed to provide loans and funds to help develop agriculture and supply food in under-developed countries is: a. SNAP program b. UNICEF c. World Bank d. Lutheran Family Services e. Local food pantries
c. World Bank
Lactic acid: a. causes muscle soreness b. is a toxic substance c. can be re-used by tissues for energy or glucose d. all of these
c. can be re-used by tissues for energy or glucose
Which of the following are most efficient at converting feed into meat pounds? a. cow b. pig c. chicken
c. chicken
An excellent choice for a quick supplement after a workout because it contains complete proteins and amino acids for protein re-synthesis, and carbohydrates and sugars for muscle glycogen re-synthesis is: a. candy bar b. apple juice c. chocolate milk d. pickle juice e. gatorade
c. chocolate milk
An example of a food that would be called energy dense is: a. celery b. lettuce c. donut d. water e. tomato
c. donut
Another term used to refer to the salts, ions, or minerals in the blood like sodium, chloride, or potassium: a. vitamins b. ATP c. electrolytes
c. electrolytes
A food that contains very few or no vitamins and minerals but many calories from added sugar and added fat could be referred to as: a. protein dense b. chronic foods c. empty calories d. nutrient dense
c. empty calories
Fatty acids that you must get through the food you eat in your diet are referred to as: a. essential amino acids b. proteins c. essential fatty acids d. non essential fatty acids
c. essential fatty acids
The nutrient primarily used during rest and low exercise intensity levels is: a. glucose/carbohydrate b. amino acids/protein c. fatty acids/fat d. keto acids
c. fatty acids/fat
A good choice for a quick supplement after a long workout in very hot weather because it contains electrolytes for salt replacement, and water for re-hydration, and carbohydrates and sugars for muscle glycogen re-synthesis is: a. candy bar b. apple juice c. gatorade d. prune juice
c. gatorade
Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is thought to be the result of: a. glycogen depletion b. lactic acid accumulation c. micro-tears and inflammation of the muscle fiber and connective tissue
c. micro-tears and inflammation of the muscle fiber and connective tissue
Corn oil contains proportionally: a. more cholesterol than animal meats b. more saturated fats than animal fat c. more unsaturated fats than animal fat
c. more unsaturated fats than animal fat
Vegetable usually contain: a. more cholesterol than animal products b. more saturated fats than animal products c. more unsaturated fats than animal products d. all of these
c. more unsaturated fats than animal products
Individuals that are typically highly educated about nutrition and become obsessed with eating the 'right' foods and absolutely avoiding some foods might be considered to have developed this eating disorder: a. anorexia nervosa b. bulimia nervosa c. orthorexia nervosa d. nighttime eating disorder
c. orthorexia nervosa
In the US, this type of malnutrition is a prominent problem because of the availability of high calorie food (empty calories): a. iodine deficiency b. zinc deficiency c. over nutrition d. protein deficiency
c. over nutrition
An enzyme involved in protein breakdown and digestion: a. amylase b. lipase c. pepsin d. lysozyme
c. pepsin
The vegetarian diet that contains fish is called: a. porci-vegetarian b. lactovegetarian c. pesca-vegetarian d. bovi-vegetarian e. lacto-ovo-vegetarian f. ovo-vegetarian g. paleo
c. pesca-vegetarian
An example of a food that would be called 'empty calories' is: a. spinach b. milk c. sugared coca cola d. potatoes
c. sugared Coca Cola
List the six nutrient groups.
carbohydrates, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water
Three diseases that are diet related are:
cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancers
Nutritionists consider this to be a standard size drink for beer: a. 32 oz b. 1.5 oz c. 20 oz d. 12 oz e. 5 oz
d. 12 oz
Approximately what percent of the adult American population is overweight or obese? a. 5% b. 10% c. 20% d. 70%
d. 70%
Worldwide, approximately how many people suffer from inadequate food intake? a. 200-300 million b. 400-500 million c. 500-550 million d. 800-900 million
d. 800-900 million
The RDA is the amount of a nutrient to meet the daily needs of this approximate percentage of the population (for a given age or gender): a. 50% b. 75% c. 38% d. 98% e. 100% f. 18%
d. 98%
The traditional diet known for being high in grilled vegetables and whole grains, seafood and fish, olive oil and some wine with meals: a. typical American diet b. Mexican-Hispanic Heritage diet c. Asian-Japanese diet d. Mediterranean diet
d. Mediterranean diet
An example of a phytochemical would be: a. caffeine b. nicotine c. anti-oxidant pigments d. all of these
d. all of these
Dietary fiber: a. generally comes from plant sources b. may inhibit or block cholesterol absorption c. can also be called 'non-absorbable carbohydrate' d. all of these
d. all of these
Excess nitrogen from protein and amino acid metabolism is excreted in the form of: a. urea b. ammonia c. creatinine d. all of these
d. all of these
Foods that contain raw eggs and are sometimes the source for salmonella sickening include: a. homemade mayo b. homemade ice cream c. cookie dough d. all of these
d. all of these
Foods that often are kept at unsafe temps (picnic foods) that are often the source for food borne illnesses include: a. potato salad b. egg salad sandwiches c. casserole d. all of these
d. all of these
Fruits and vegetables are good sources of: a. soluble fiber b. insoluble fiber c. phytochemicals d. all of these
d. all of these
Overweight and obese individuals are more prone to the following diseases: a. CVD b. type 2 diabetes c. certain types of cancer d. all of these
d. all of these
Regular physical activity at recommended levels appears to lower the incidence of the following diseases: a. cardiovascular disease b. type 2 diabetes c. hypertension d. all of these
d. all of these
The female athlete triad is characterized by: a. low energy availability, a state of negative energy balance b. menstrual disturbances, often including amenorrhea c. reduced bone mineral density d. all of these
d. all of these
The keto diet can sometimes be effective in some cases, but generally not recommended by nutritionists because: a. it can be high in fats b. early rapid weight loss can be due to carbohydrate depletion and loss of water weight c. ketoacidosis could occur and be potentially harmful d. all of these
d. all of these
You use cholesterol in your body: a. to make certain hormones like estrogen or testosterone b. as important components of cell membranes c. to make the bile salts d. all of these
d. all of these
Cholesterol: a. can be made by your liver b. can be found in the diet in animal sources c. can be found in the diet in plant sources d. both a and b e. all of these
d. both a and b
A good source of phytochemicals would be: a. beef b. milk c. eggs d. broccoli
d. broccoli
An ergogenic aid that in moderate doses increases alertness, masks fatigue, and increases availability of free fatty acids for prolonged exercise is: a. alcohol b. marijuana c. anabolic steroids d. caffeine
d. caffeine
Ketosis can be dangerous and results from conditions in which the body becomes low in: a. protein b. fat c. certain vitamins d. carbohydrates e. iron
d. carbohydrates
The allergy to the protein gluten may lead to: a. diverticulosis b. lactose intolerance c. kwashiorkers d. celiac disease
d. celiac disease
The form of carbohydrate not digestible by humans and known as insoluble fiber found in grass and wood and some vegetables is: a. starch b. glycogen c. disaccharides d. cellulose
d. cellulose
All of the following groups of people are at higher risk for developing ON (orthorexia nervosa) except for: a. dieticians b. medical students c. competitive athletes d. farmers
d. farmers
According to recent studies, most Americans do not purchase adequate amounts of: a. sugary foods b. potato chips c. red meat d. fruits and vegetables
d. fruits and vegetables
Carbohydrate depletion is a major cause of fatigue during exercise. Therefore, it is important to replenish carbohydrates in the diet to replenish the stored form of carbohydrate in the muscle and liver known as: a. triglycerides b. glycerol c. fatty acids d. glycogen
d. glycogen
A major cause of many gastric and intestinal ulcers is infection with: a. covid 19 b. influenza c. salmonella d. h. pylori
d. h. pylori
A good source of complete and high quality protein would be all of the following except: a. lean beef b. milk c. eggs d. lettuce e. fish
d. lettuce
Pregnant women are much more susceptible to this pathogen related to unpasteurized milk and milk products). It can cause severe problems for pregnancy and the unborn child: a. norovirus b. salmonella c. fungi and mold d. listeria
d. listeria
An amount of a vitamin or mineral that greatly exceeds the recommended amount of the nutrient and may even be toxic is a(n): a. macro amount b. micro-dose c. tolerable limit d. megadose
d. megadose
A 'greenhouse' gas produced in landfills from decaying food that can be collected and used for generating energy is: a. water vapor b. carbon dioxide c. carbon monoxide d. methane
d. methane
Spinach is an example of a food that supplies more vitamins and minerals in relation to total calories. Such foods are called: a. energy dense b. empty calories c. chronic foods d. nutrient dense
d. nutrient dense
The condition in which the bones lose mineral density and may become weak and soft, and may result from low calcium intake, low calorie intake, and low estrogen levels (females) is called: a. amenorrhea b. orthorexia c. hypokalemia d. osteoporosis
d. osteoporosis
A sham treatment is a(n): a. anecdote b. double blind study c. biased experiment d. placebo
d. placebo
Fruit is generally a good source of all of the following substances, except: a. fiber b. vitamin c c. phytochemicals d. protein
d. protein
Under cooked ground beef and beef tartare are more likely to be sources of food borne illness than a medium rare cooked beef steak or roast because: a. it comes from a less desirable cut of beef b. it is more likely to be stored improperly c. it comes from a more disease prone breed of cattle d. the outer surfaces get mixed into the interior
d. the outer surfaces get mixed into the interior
The amount of a nutrient beyond which further consumption of the nutrient may result in problems with toxicity is referred to as: a. estimated average requirement b. recommended daily allowance c. adequate intake d. tolerable upper limit
d. tolerable upper limit
The Body Mass Index (BMI) can be helpful in determining a healthy body weight range but sometimes becomes inaccurate when assessing individuals that are: a. overweight b. moderately tall c. obese d. very muscular and lean
d. very muscular and lean
Nutritionists consider this to be a standard size drink for wine: a. 16 oz b. 32 oz c. 1 oz d. 12 oz e. 5 oz
e. 5 oz
An example of a macronutrient would be: a. carbohydrates b. protein c. fats/oils d. water e. all of these
e. all of there
Advances in biotechnology and plant breeding have allowed for much more productive crops due to them being more: a. drought resistant b. pest resistant c. weed free d. nutritious e. all of these
e. all of these
Chronic undernutrition can result in: a. decreased cognitive ability b. stunting c. compromised reproductive functioning d. depressed immune system e. all of these
e. all of these
For a food to be labeled as 'organic', it must be grown or raised without added: a. pesticides b. antibiotics c. synthetic fertilizers d. hormones e. all of these
e. all of these
Gastric ulcers might be treated with: a. antibiotics b. anti acids c. acid reducing drugs d. altered diet e. reduced stress levels e. all of these
e. all of these
People at risk for developing anorexia nervosa often also have trouble with: a. depression b. anxiety c. bipolar disorder d. obsessive compulsive behavior e. all of these
e. all of these
People at risk for developing bulimia nervosa often also have trouble with: a. depression b. anxiety c. bipolar disorder d. obsessive compulsive behavior e. all of these
e. all of these
The storage form of carbohydrate in liver and muscle is known as: a. fat b. triglyceride c. starch d. glucose e. glycogen
e. glycogen
The most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide is: a. calcium b. vitamin C c. vitamin D d. zinc e. iron
e. iron
The vegetarian diet that contains eggs and dairy products is called: a. porci-vegetarian b. lactovegetarian c. pesca-vegetarian d. bovi-vegetarian e. lacto-ovo-vegetarian f. ovo-vegetarian g. paleo
e. lacto-ovo-vegetarian
A deficiency in the amount of the enzyme lactase leads to diarrhea, gas, cramping, and so forth because of the incomplete digestion and absorption of milk sugar. This problem is also called: a. Crohn's disease b. diverticulitis c. inflammatory bowel disease d. hemorrhoids e. lactose intolerance
e. lactose intolerance
How has the incidence of extremely obese individuals in the American population changed from 1988 to 2012? a. gone up approximately 10% b. gone up approximately 25% c. gone up approximately 40% d. gone up about 60% e. more than doubled (over 100% increase)
e. more than doubled (over 100% increase)
Signs and symptoms of food borne illnesses generally involve the digestive tract and include all of the following except: a. nausea b. vomiting c. diarrhea d. intestinal cramps e. sore throat
e. sore throat
A non-nutritive sweetener made from a leaf extract is: a. glucose b. fructose c. sucrose d. starch e. stevia
e. stevia
The law that protects folks that give produce or food in good faith to a charitable or non-profit organization from liability and law suits is the: a. Rent Bill Act b. Gleaning Act c. Composting Bill d. Bill Dumpster Act e. Good Produce Bill f. Bill Emerson Act
f. Bill Emerson Act
A way to 'get around' the fact that many plant proteins are incomplete would be to: a. eat a wide variety of grains, nuts, legumes, and vegetables b. add eggs to the diet c. add milk to the diet d. add fish to the diet e. add meat or poultry to the diet f. all of these
f. all of these
The diet that is vegetarian but contains eggs is called: a. porci-vegetarian b. lactovegetarian c. pesca-vegetarian d. bovi-vegetarian e. lacto-ovo-vegetarian f. ovo-vegetarian g. paleo
f. ovo-vegetarian
Table sugar - also known as cane sugar or beet sugar - is a disaccharide called: a. glucose b. fructose c. lactose d. maltose e. amylose f. sucrose
f. sucrose
The 'dead zone' is the region found in the Gulf of Mexico where the Mississippi River dumps its collected water, sediment, waste, fertilizer, herbicide, pesticide, and trash. It stimulates oceanic microbial and plant growth to such an extent that no oxygen is any longer available for other organisms to survive, like insects, shellfish, crustaceans, fish, and other animals. This region is located primarily off the coast of: a. Texas b. Mexico c. Florida d. Washington State e. Oregon f. Columbia g. Louisiana h. Cuba i. Nebraska j. Alabama
g. Louisiana
List the five major food groups.
grain, dairy, protein, fruits, vegetables
Early and less severe forms of Type 2 diabetes can sometimes be treated by:
modified diet, increased exercise
One disadvantage of composting waste food is that it can attract disease-carrying vermin. List two examples of vermin:
rats, cockroaches, mice, skunks
Four changes that could be made to the average American diet to make it more healthy would be to: Decrease consumption of ________ and ________. Increase consumption of ________ and ________.
red meats, sugary foods and drinks fruits and vegetables, whole grains