Nutrition Final Exam Study Guide
Usually, what is the first sign of preeclampsia?
A large weight gain over a short time
What is goitrogen?
A substance that interferes with the functioning of the thyroid gland
A common drug for the treatment of tuberculosis is known to markedly interfere in the metabolism of vitamin
B6-
What organ is most affected in anencephaly?
Brain
What is the chief reason that breast-fed infants usually need to eat more frequently than formula-fed infants?
Breast milk is digested faster
Which of the following is not among the features of osteoarthritis?
Nicotine intake reduces inflammation and increases flexibility.
What is the name of the vitamin D-deficiency disease in adults
Osteomalacia
All of the following describe influences of television and video gaming on nutrition except
children are exposed to thousands of tv commercials each year but their requests for advertised foods are heeded by their parents only one-fourth of the time.
Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of tooth loss in the elderly?
The consumption of applesauce instead of apples and creamed corn instead of corn on the cob reduces nutrient bioavailability and impairs nutritional health.
If a normal, healthy adult were to begin consuming a vitamin A-poor diet, approximately how much time would pass before the first deficiency symptoms would appear?
1 to 2 years
The typical can of soft drink contains the equivalent of how many teaspoons of sugar?
10
Approximately what percentage of US adults are affected by Alzheimer's disease after age 65?
12
What is the Recommended Dietary allowance for vitamin D in individuals around 20 years of age?
20 mg
A reasonable daily fiber intake for a 5 year old would be
25 g
What minimum level of body weight loss as water impairs a person's physical performance?
3-4%
Approximately what percentage of people with high blood pressure are sensitive to salt?
30-50
People who smoke require additional vitamin C in the amount of
35 mg
What is the recommended minimum weight fain, in lbs, of a normal-weight woman who is expected to bear twins?
37
To gradually replace breast milk with infant formula or other foods appropriate to an infant's diet is to
wean
What is the minimum number of glasses of water per day recommended for older adults?
6
The weight (lbs) of a healthy newborn infant ranges from
6 1/2 - 8
What is a free radical?
A molecule that is unstable and highly reactive because it contains unpaired electrons
Which of the following is not a feature of children born with alcohol-related complications?
All children born with these complications show marked outward signs.
What is the chief protein in human breast milk?
Alpha-lactalbumin
Which of the following is NOT a feature of malnutrition in pregnancy?
Around the time of conception, it prevents the uterus from developing fully but spares the placenta.
Irreversible nerve damage has been reported in people taking large doses of vitamin
B6
Which of the following is not known to promote vitamin D deficiency in the elderly?
Excessive use of hypertension medications
A deficiency of which of the following vitamins results in accumulation of homocysteine in the blood?
Folate
What term designates foods that contain nonnutrient substances which may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition?
Functional foods
Iron overload is also known as
Hemochromatosis
A deficiency of what vitamin produces a characteristic cracking and redness at the corners of the mouth?
Riboflavin
Which of the following is a property of selenium in nutrition?
Severe deficiency is associated with heart disease in China
Among the following, which does not contain the MFP factor?
Spinach
Which of the following terms describes an immune system that is inefficient and overactive in the aged?
Inflammaging
What is the function of intrinsic factor in vitamin B12 absorption?
It attaches to the vitamin, thereby allowing absorption from the small intestine
Which of the following may result from excessive intakes of vitamin D by adults
Mineral deposits in soft tissues such as the kidney
Which of the following is FALSE regarding iron nutrition in pregnancy?
Most women enter pregnancy with adequate store of the mineral
What popular group has the highest risk for vitamin K deficiency?
Newborns
Which of the following symptoms is indicative of a deficiency of vitamin C?
Subcutaneous pinpoint hemorrhages
What feature is shared by vitamins E and K?
Supplements of either may interfere with anticlotting medications
What vitamin deficiency disease appeared in people who had subsisted on a diet high in corn and low in protein?
Pellagra
What is the name given to the ingestion of nonnutritive substances?
Pica
Keratinization of lung cells may result from
deficiency of vitamin A
Fluoride deficiency is best known to lead to
dental decay
Which of the following is not among the common signs of mild lead toxicity?
dermatitis
A person with dysphagia has
difficulty swallowing
To help alleviate pregnancy-related nausea, all of the following actions are recommended except
eat large, infrequent meals so as to limit contact time with food
A child known to be allergic to peanuts who begins to show signs such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the tongue, and severe abdominal discomfort is most likely in immediate need of a life-saving injection of
epinephrine
Goat's milk is inappropriate for infants due to its low content of
folate
A person with a disorder that limits absorption of bile is at increased rick for deficiency of
folate.
A life-threatening whole-body allergic reaction is known as
anaphylactic shock
To lower the risk of obesity in children, which of the following practices should parents institute for their children?
Teach them to take appropriate food portions
Which of the following is not among the characteristics of vitamin B12 nutrition in older people?
The DRI Committee recommends that older people increase their meat intake to provide adequate vitamin B12.
A measure of the rate at which a nutrient is absorbed and used by the body is termed
bioavailability
In what chief capacity does vitamin K function?
blood clotting
Peripheral resistance is affected primarily by the resistance of
blood flow in the arterioles
What does a DEXA scan measure?
bone density
Where is the majority of the body's magnesium found?
bones
Which of the following is not among the characteristics of phosphorus in nutrition?
The ratio of phosphorus to calcium in the diet is important for bone maintenance.
Why are primary vitamin E deficiencies rarely observed in human beings?
The vitamin is widespread in foods.
Which of the following are major sources of vitamin E in the diet?
Vegetable oils
Deficiency of which of the following minerals is associated with retarded growth and sexual development in children?
Zinc
All of the following factors are known to enhance the absorption of iron except
calcium from milk
During development of the fetus, what organ(s) is/are the first to develop?
central nervous system and brain
Among the following groups, which has the highest percentage of body waste?
children
The rare genetic disorders Menkes disease and Wilson's disease result from abnormal utilization of
copper
Dietary guidelines believed to help protect against cancer include all of the following except
increasing energy density
Which of the following is an effect of alcohol intake in the mother who breast feeds?
it alters flavor
Which of the following is a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?
it is associated with clumps of beta-amyloid protein in the brain
Being obese is known to increase the probabilities of contracting all of the following diseases except
kwashiorkor
Adolescent women may fail to reach peak bone mass for all of the following reasons except
lactose intolerance begins to intensify during the teenage ways
Flaxseed is a rich source of
lignans
What is sarcopenia?
loss of muscle mass and strength
A tumor that releases cells, leading to the spread of cancer to other regions of the body is said to
metastasize
A person who is edentulous has
no teeth
What causes the "let-down reflex"?
oxytocin
Magnesium is known to be involved in all of the following except
production of red blood cells
Sulfur is present in practically all
proteins
Almost all (99%) of the calcium in the body is used to
provide rigidity for the bones and teeth
What is the most reliable source of dietary fluoride?
public water
What is the most important predictor of a person's mobility in the later years?
regular physical activity
What form of vitamin A supports vision but not growth?
retinal
Keshan disease risk increases with a deficiency of
selenium
A general niacin deficiency is known to be manifested in abnormalities of all of the following organs/systems except
skeletal system
When a person loses fluid by sweating or bleeding, what minerals are lost in greatest quantity?
sodium and chloride
All of the following are mild symptoms of dehydration except
spastic muscles
A major side effect from the regular use of some antipsychotics, antidepressants, and corticosteroids is
substantial weight gain
The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndromes may be treated with supplements of
thiamin
What is the main reason for dieting in the elderly?
to pursue a medical goal such as reducing blood glucose
Pernicious anemia results from a deficiency of
vitamin B12
A person who shuns dairy and spends most of her time indoors would likely benefit from a supplement of
vitamin D
Which of the following foods provides iron in the most absorbable form?
Chicken
Which of the following is a feature of iron nutrition and behavior in children?
Children who had iron-deficiency anemia as infants perform poorly even after their status improves
Which of the following is a feature of magnesium nutrition?
Deficiency is associated with hypertension
Which of the following is a feature of calcium nutrition in pregnancy?
Intestinal absorption increases substantially
Which of the following is a feature of phosphorus?
Involved in energy exchange
Which of the following is a feature of sodium nutrition?
The Al for young adults is only 1500 mg because the body possesses an unusually efficient retention mechanism
What is the principal reason that information about fat on food labels of infant foods is intentionally omitted?
To prevent parents from restricting their infant's fat intake
Why might a lactating woman need to take an iron supplement?
To replace the iron stores she lost during pregnancy
Iron deficiency in children is likely to result from a diet that overemphasizes
milk
