Nutrition Final

An effective way to replenish glycogen stores after an event is to consume ______ of body weight within ______ of completing the exercise.

1 to 1.2 grams carbohydrate/kg, the first four to six hours

Compared to wine, beer generally contains ______ percent of alcohol per serving.

A lower

Select each statement that is true about why direct additives are used in foods. A. Direct additives are used to improve or maintain nutritional value. B. Direct additives are used to provide leavening or control acidity and alkalinity. C. Direct additives are used to enhance flavor or give a desired color. D. Direct additives are used to increase the nutrition content of foods. E. Direct additives are used to keep food appetizing and wholesome. F. Direct additives are used to maintain product consistency. G. Direct additives are used to increase the volume and density of foods.

A. Direct additives are used to improve or maintain nutritional value. B. Direct additives are used to provide leavening or control acidity and alkalinity. C. Direct additives are used to enhance flavor or give a desired color. E. Direct additives are used to keep food appetizing and wholesome. F. Direct additives are used to maintain product consistency.

Select each of the following recommendations to promote bone health and slow the development of osteoporosis?

A. Don't smoke. B. If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation. C. Exercise with weight-bearing and resistance training at least two days per week. D. Maintain adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D

______ is/are side effect(s) of purging in bulimia nervosa.

A. Electrolyte abnormalities B. Dysfunctional bowel C. Fatigue

Which is an important component of nutrition assessment during the preconception period?

A. Evaluation of a woman's vitamin status B. Measurement of weight C. Obtaining information about use of substances such as alcohol and tobacco

Which of the following conditions decrease the amount of vitamin E in foods by either reducing the vitamin E content or accelerating vitamin E's destruction in the food? Select all that apply. A. Exposure to light B. Storage C. Heat D. Cooking E. Combining with foods that contain calcium F. Mixing with foods that contain acid G. Processing

A. Exposure to light B. Storage C. Heat D. Cooking G. Processing

Select each of the correct statements regarding insulin. A. For glucose to enter into most types of cells, insulin must be present. B. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas. C. Individuals are born with as much insulin as they will need throughout their life. D. Insulin production is stimulated by the intake of fat and amino acids. E. Lack of insulin production as a result of food intake can lead to hyperglycemia.

A. For glucose to enter into most types of cells, insulin must be present. B. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas. E. Lack of insulin production as a result of food intake can lead to hyperglycemia.

Adequate iron intake is a general concern for children. From the list of foods, select those that are good sources of iron. A. Ground beef B. Broccoli C. Orange and yellow colored vegetables D. Poultry E. Legumes F. Raisins

A. Ground beef D. Poultry E. Legumes F. Raisins

Select each of the following predictors for osteoporosis. A. History of falls B. High potassium and sodium intake over time C. Impaired cognition and vision D. High bone phosphorus and sodium and low bone calcium E. Low physical function

A. History of falls C. Impaired cognition and vision E. Low physical function

How does an infant's protein needs compare to an adult's when measured in grams per kilogram?

An infant needs about twice as much protein as an adult.

One of your friends is exhibiting fear of weight gain, exercising compulsively, continuing to diet (even thin), and bingeing and purging. These may be warning signs for:

Anorexia nervosa

When water intake is low, spinal cells in the brain signal the pituitary to release?

Antidiuretic Hormone

Alcohol suppresses ______, and excessive consumption can cause ______.

Antidiuretic hormone, Dehydration

______ are the micronutrients of particular concern for older people.

Antioxidant, iron, and vitamin B12

True or False? A food product must have 100 percent organic ingredients to meet the "organic" category.

False

True or False? An individual's risk for developing atherosclerosis can be predicted by assessing total cholesterol more so than assessing either blood low-density lipoproteins or high-density lipoproteins in the blood.

False

True or False? Prions are chemicals used to control and kill insects and fungi on plants and fruit that we eat.

False

True or False? Salmonella occurs only in poultry and eggs.

False

The French paradox describes the low rates of heart disease despite a ______. This suggest that red wine may have a protective effect.

High-fat diet

Generally, the last stage of adolescent growth development is:

Hips, chest, shoulders, and trunk expand.

Stress is a non-dietary risk factor for ______?

Hypertension

Which of the following practices is most likely to help a binge eater who enters therapy for the disorder?

Learning to identify emotions so one can express feelings

Hypercellular obesity is best described as?

Obesity due to an above-average number of fat cells.

Which of the following energy systems is aerobic (requires oxygen in order to work)?

Oxygen energy system

Which mineral is a component of ATP, DNA, and RNA, a component of the mineral complex hydroxyapatite in bone, and is abundant in our food supply?

Phosphorus

If a person's diet includes a lot of processed foods and not a lot of fresh fruits or vegetables, failing to meet recommended intakes of ______ is likely?

Potassium

Too much of this mineral can slow and eventually stop the heart; therefore, supplementation should be taken only under the care of a physician.

Potassium

What is missing from the binge-eating disorder cycle that is present in the emotional/behavioral cycle of a bulimic?

Purging

Chapters 7 & 8: The flow of potassium inside and out of the cell is coupled with the flow of?

Sodium

The ________ is the main food security program in the United States.

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

The primary food security program that helps participants purchase food but not non-food items is called the:

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

The prevalence of food insecurity is above U.S. average in ______.

Texas

When alcohol consumption overwhelms the liver's capacity to metabolize the compound, which of the following may occur?

Reduced supply of oxygen to the brain and loss of consciousness

Except for ______, all of the following are part of the behavior modification techniques to reduce obesity.

Restrictive eating

Which of the following actions often contribute to an increase in the number of hungry people in a country by limiting access to agricultural supplies, fuel, and food-processing supplies?

Sanctions and embargoes

This type of hypertension results from another problem such as a kidney defect.

Secondary hypertension

True or False? Even if BMI is at a healthy range, weight cycling has been associated with increased risk for metabolic syndrome, coronary heart disease, all-cause mortality, and reduced quality of life.

True

True or False? There is a high risk that crops engineered to contain insecticides will harm nondestructive species important to biodiversity.

True

True or False? When one is obese, a modest weight loss can reduce the risk of heart disease and diabetes.

True

A healthy liver can store up to a ______ supply of vitamin A.

Twelve Months

Except for ______, all of the following can trigger a binge-eating episode.

Happiness

Match each major function with the corresponding fat-soluble vitamin.

1) Vision, cell differentiation, immunity, reproduction, bone health: Vitamin A 2)Blood clotting, bone health/sustaining bone mineral density: Vitamin K 3) Protection and maintenance of cellular membranes through antioxidant capacity: Vitamin E 4) Regulation of blood calcium, bone health, regulation of cell differentiation and growth: Vitamin D

Match each weight-loss practice/behavior with its suggested consequence. 1. Dehydration, heat injury, no fat loss 2. Dehydration, acid-base and electrolyte imbalances, esophageal tears, and GI bleeding 3. Loss of lean body mass and decreased metabolic rate 4. Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, no fat loss

1. Fluid restriction 2. Self-induced vomiting 3. Fasting 4. Diuretics

Match each trace mineral with its correct function seen in athletes. 1. Vital to the work of many enzymes involved in energy production 2. Essential for red blood cell synthesis

1. Zinc 2. Copper

Blood pressure of ______ mmHg (systolic) and ______ mmHg (diastolic) are considered normal.

100, 78

A 4-month-old infant who weighs 15 pounds needs approximately ______ g of protein according to the protein AI/RDA for infants.

15

A 7-year-old who weighs 20 kg would require about ______ g of protein according to the protein RDAs for childhood.

19

Match each impact on nutrient requirement with its most likely change in body composition or physiologic function.

1: Decreased bone density. ~Increased need for calcium and vitamin D 2: Slowed Gastric Motility. ~Increase need for fiber 3: Decreased kidney ability to concentrate urine. ~Increase fluid needs 4: Decreased muscle mass. ~Decreased needs for energy and/or increase need for high quality protein

Of the following foods, which is the best source of vitamin K?

3 Cups of Spinach

During the first six months of lactation, breastfeeding mothers need an extra intake of about ______ kilocalories per day.

330

A 70-proof hard liquor is ______ percent alcohol.

35%

A1c of ______is considered pre-diabetes.

5.9

According to the RDA for protein, a healthy older adult who weighs 160 pounds needs about ______ g of protein.

58

What is the recommended age for beginning iron supplementation of a breastfed infant?

6 months

Chapter 9, Spotlight on Eating Disorders, & Spotlight on Alcohol: Select each of the following which are signs of dehydration as it relates to exercise/activity. A. Increased rate of perceived exertion during activity B. Increased appetite C. Elevated heart rate at a given exercise intensity D. Decreased performance

A. Increased rate of perceived exertion during activity C. Elevated heart rate at a given exercise intensity D. Decreased performance

Select each of the following characteristics that are common of individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa. A. Lack a sense of independence and control B. The syndrome can be enabled by parents who are overly protective or rigid. C. Rigid, perfectionist, all-or-nothing thinkers D. Shows little or no interest in what others think about themselves

A. Lack a sense of independence and control B. The syndrome can be enabled by parents who are overly protective or rigid. C. Rigid, perfectionist, all-or-nothing thinkers

Select each of the following that are accurate descriptions of the organism shigella? A. Likely sources include undercooked, liquid, or moist food that has been handled by an infected person. B. Onset of symptoms is generally six to twelve hours after eating contaminated food. C. Symptoms include stomach cramps, diarrhea, fever, sometimes vomiting, and blood, pus, and mucus in stool.

A. Likely sources include undercooked, liquid, or moist food that has been handled by an infected person. C. Symptoms include stomach cramps, diarrhea, fever, sometimes vomiting, and blood, pus, and mucus in stool.

Select each of the following that are considered goals of the genetic modification of foods.

A. Lower costs B. Higher crop yields C. Creating a healthier mix of plant oils D. Increased amount of critical nutrients

Select each of the following that are components of the multipronged approach to preventing vitamin A deficiency. A. Nutrition education B. Adding fluoride to water C. Fortification of foods with vitamin A D. Promotion of breastfeeding E. Supplementation

A. Nutrition education C. Fortification of foods with vitamin A D. Promotion of breastfeeding E. Supplementation

______ fall(s) under the category of Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS).

A. Sugar B. Spices C. Monosodium glutamate

Select each of the following that are federal safety nets established by the USDA as nutrition assistance programs for children and their caregivers. A. Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) B. School Breakfast Program C. School Lunch Program D. Summer Food Service Program E. Meals on Wheels

A. Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) B. School Breakfast Program C. School Lunch Program D. Summer Food Service Program

Match the food to the recommended safe internal temperature.

All Poultry: 165 degrees Ground Meats: 160 degrees Whole Meats: 145 degrees

Consuming ______ with nonheme iron can improve its bioavailability.

An Orange

Hypertrophic obesity results from?

An increase in the size of fat cells

Chapter 10 & Spotlight on Obesity: The slow, progressive hardening and narrowing of arteries by deposits of fat, cholesterol, and other substances is known as?

Atherosclerosis

Select each of the following characteristics of type 1 diabetes mellitus. A. Usually develops in overweight individuals age 45 or older B. Although blood glucose levels are high, the lack of insulin prevents glucose from entering cells to be burned for energy. C. Develops in women who are pregnant and have never had diabetes before D. Glucose has trouble entering body cells because either the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin or cells in the body become resistant to the action of insulin. E. Usually is diagnosed in children and young adults F. Symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, rapid weight loss, and blurred vision G. Occurs in people younger than 30 and often develops suddenly

B. Although blood glucose levels are high, the lack of insulin prevents glucose from entering cells to be burned for energy. E. Usually is diagnosed in children and young adults F. Symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, rapid weight loss, and blurred vision G. Occurs in people younger than 30 and often develops suddenly

According to the social ecological framework, an example of social and cultural norms and values includes ______.

Belief systems

If a pregnant woman needs to increase the amount of vitamin A in her diet, she should consume foods that contain:

Beta-carotene

Identify which statements in the descriptions below describe fast twitch muscle fibers: A. Muscle fibers that develop tension more slowly and to a lesser extent. B. Have high oxidative capacities and are slower to fatigue. C. Muscle fibers that can develop high tension rapidly. D. Can fatigue quickly but are well suited to explosive movements in sprinting, jumping, and weight lifting.

C. Muscle fibers that can develop high tension rapidly. D. Can fatigue quickly but are well suited to explosive movements in sprinting, jumping, and weight lifting.

DNA is made of subunits called nucleotides that consist of which of the following? A. Two hydrogen atoms B. One essential amino acid C. One sugar molecule D. One base E. One phosphate molecule

C. One sugar molecule D. One base E. One phosphate molecule

Excessive alcohol intake is a dietary risk factor for ______?

Cancer

Which of the following is considered the leading cause of death in the United States and Canada?

Cardiovascular disease

Although our sense of thirst usually reminds us to drink enough so that we don't become dehydrated, it is an unreliable signal during hot weather or during heavy exercise when fluid losses through perspiration are high. Which of the following explains how your body knows when it needs to conserve water?

Cells in the brain signal the pituitary gland to release antidiuretic hormone, which signals the kidneys to conserve water.

An after-school program can apply for food funding through the ______ program.

Child and Adult Care Food Program

Which program provides funds for children's meals and snacks at nonprofit licensed child-care centers, day care homes, after-school programs, and similar settings?

Child and Adult Care Food Program

Self-monitoring and environmental management are part of the ______.

Cognitive-behavioral tools for changing behavior

The age-related change of decreased muscle mass will impact which of the following nutrient requirements the most?

Decreased need for energy and/or increased need for high quality protein

Your body generally absorbs about 20 to 40 percent of the carotenoids you eat. This proportion ______ as the amount of carotenoids you eat increases.

Decreases

Which of the following signs is not commonly associated with kwashiorkor?

Dehydration

Compared to countries with economies in transition, ______ have a higher rate of obesity.

Developed market economy countries

Which of the following causes is not considered a political disruption to food distribution?

Droughts

Except for ______, all of the following are major problems causing hunger.

Economic growth

Chloride resides mainly in ______ fluid and is critical for transmitting nerve impulses and for maintaining acid-base balance.

Extracellular

The most apparent physical characteristic of fetal alcohol syndrome is?

Facial abnormalities

Chapter 13 & Spotlight on World Nutrition: The Green Revolution did not meet expectations of solving the world's food shortage because the?

Farming techniques needed to raise the crops were too costly.

What is the major energy source in human milk?

Fat

Yeast produces alcohol in a process called?

Fermentation

______ could be considered as one of the ultratrace minerals.

Fluoride

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that all women who are capable of becoming pregnant take a daily supplement containing 400-800 micrograms of ______ to reduce ______.

Folic acid, Birth defects

Chapters 11 & 12: Itching of the lips, mouth, and throat, hives, and gastrointestinal bleeding are symptoms of ______.

Food Allergies

A survey that measures the prevalence and severity of food insecurity and hunger is:

Food Security Supplement survey.

Which group of people is most likely to suffer from protein-energy malnutrition?

Infants and children

What mineral deficiency is the largest cause of preventable brain damage and impaired psychomotor development in the developing world?

Iodine

______ is the most common nutritional disorder in the world.

Iron-deficiency anemia

Preconception healthcare is most important for a woman who wants to have a baby because:

It is important to resolve health concerns that could harm her or her baby.

For activities that last ______, a fluid that contains both carbohydrate and electrolyte is the best fluid replacement.

Longer than sixty continuous minutes

Failure to achieve nutrient requirements, which can impair physical and mental health, is called:

Malnutrition

Infants who are in the supported sitter development stage ______.

May push food out of the mouth with tongue

During vitamin absorption, water¬-soluble vitamins are absorbed into the bloodstream, whereas fat-soluble vitamins are carried to the brush border for absorption by?

Micelles.

Which of the following statements is true?

Urine tests reflect concentrations of blood alcohol.

Eating raw oysters is the source of ______.

Vibrio vulnificus

Select the vitamins and minerals which are of most concern in adolescence because they play important roles in adolescent growth.

Vitamin A, iron, calcium, vitamin D

Except for ______, all of the following act as a coenzyme.

Vitamin C

All of the following vitamins are important for bone health except for ______.

Vitamin E

Which vitamin is primarily responsible for blood clotting?

Vitamin K

______ is one of the micronutrients of concern during infancy.

Vitamin K

The ______ program supplies vouchers for purchasing supplement foods and provides nutrition education for low-income and at-risk pregnant or lactating women and for their at-risk young children.

WIC

The Farmers' Market Nutrition Program is part of which USDA Food and Nutrition Service Food Assistance Program?

Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program

The onset of ______ is/are about one to three days with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, headache, and low-grade fever.

noroviruses