Nutrition final

In the United States, the practice of fortifying ________ with iodide has reduced the risk of goiter.

table salt

If you consumed a total of 1800 kcals (Calories) per day and 60% came from carbohydrates, how many GRAMS of carbohydrate are you consuming?

270 grams

Vitamin D is often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin." This is because exposure to UV light can convert a substance in skin, ________, into vitamin D3.

7-dehydrocholesterol

Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion in the GI tract?

Chewing food up into smaller pieces in the mouth

Preliminary results of the Freshman Health Study at USU show a 50% decrease in vegetable consumption during the first semester of college (compared to the last 6 months of high school). Several participants in this study also gained weight during the same period of time. Which of the following conclusions would be MOST APPROPRIATE to make?

Eating fewer vegetables in college appears to be associated with weight gain.

Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D?

Fatty fish and fish oils

An amino acid consists of a "central carbon" and 4 "attachments". Which of the following is NOT part of an amino acid's chemical structure?

Helium (He)

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

Which of the following foods contains the most riboflavin?

Kefir, 1 cup

Which of the following statements is true?

Most foods are mixtures of nutrients

Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent all MyPlate food groups?

Salad made with hard-cooked eggs, grapes, leaf lettuce, cooked pasta, and cheddar cheese

The primary source of chloride in the typical American diet is table or sea salt

True

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

When women gain less weight than average during pregnancy, the birthweights of their babies tend to be lower than average.

To establish a nutrient's RDA, nutrition scientists add ________ of the nutrient to its EAR

a "margin of safety" amount

Yolanda is eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for lunch. She has taken a bite of the sandwich and begun chewing the sticky sandwich. Once the bite of sandwich has been chewed, moistened, and mixed with saliva, it is called

a bolus.

Scientists study 200 adults who have type 2 diabetes, and 200 adults who have similar characteristics but do not have the disease. For 18 months, the researchers collect lifestyle information on all the study participants. According to the study's findings, the adults with type 2 diabetes were 25% less physically active than their counterparts who did not have type 2 diabetes. This is an example of a(n) ________ study.

case control

Scientists in a Central American country are studying factors that may be associated with delayed physical growth among a group of low-income children. The children live in a region of the nation that has high levels of lead in drinking water. This study is an example of a(an) ________ study.

epidemiological

Which of the following food is the most nutrient-dense per serving?

fat-free milk

Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are rich sources of ________.

folate

The ________ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

large intestine

Oleic acid is a fatty acid with one double bond in its structure. Oleic acid is therefore a ________ fatty acid.

monounsaturated

An essential nutrient_____

must be supplied by the diet

Which of the following substances is a macronutrient?

protien

Pickled foods, canned soups, soy sauce, and deli (luncheon) meats contain high amounts of ________.

sodium

Maintenance of normal extracellular fluid volume depends largely on the extracellular concentration of ________ ions.

sodium and chloride

Today, Henry only ate three sandwiches made with whole-grain buns, 3 slices of cheese, and 8 ounces of turkey breast. He also drank 3 cups of apple juice. According to MyPlate, he ate nothing from the food group that includes _______.

vegetables

Marty has hemochromatosis. Which of the following supplements should he avoid taking?

Iron

Which of the following sources of information features peer-reviewed articles?

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Which of the following statements is true?

The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake.

Calcitonin ________

is secreted when blood levels of calcium are too high