Nutrition Fitness: Exam 2
According to ChooseMyPlate a 1 cup serving of fruit equals _____.
1 cup of 100% fruit juice
Approximately _____% of the U.S. population are supertasters.
25
The AMDR for carbohydrate is _____% of total caloric intake.
45-65
Which of the following people will be the most likely to succeed in making dietary modifications?
Amelia, who believes that nutrition is a vital component of health
The _____ helps control hypertension and reduces the risk of certain types of cancer, heart disease, and osteoporosis.
DASH Eating Plan
dietary pattern that emphasizes plant foods, such as fruits, vegetables, grains (mostly whole), beans, and nuts
Mediterranean diet
dietary pattern where grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, and protein foods are the designated groups
MyPlate
Which tool on ChooseMyPlate.gov can help you plan, analyze, and track your diet and physical activity?
SuperTracker
Six basic tastes have been identified.
false
blood pressure exerted inside blood vessel walls that typically exceeds 140/90 mmHg
hypertension
What is a popular comfort food in the United States?
ice cream
group name for carbohydrate, protein, fat, and water
macronutrients
Taste is closely aligned with _____.
smell
According to ChooseMyPlate a 1 ounce serving of grains equals _____.
½ cup of cooked spaghetti
According to ChooseMyPlate, a one cup serving of dairy equals _____.
1 cup of milk
According to ChooseMyPlate a 1 cup serving of vegetables equals _____.
1 cup of raw vegetables
Discuss the factors that enhance food intake changes.
1. Attitude that nutrition is important 2. Belief that diet affects health 3. Perceived susceptibility to diet-related health problems 4. Perception that benefits of change outweigh barriers to change 5. Confidence that the behavior change can be made
Discuss the behavioral changes that help people in general eat better.
1. Making healthy, delicious, affordable food available at home, in restaurants, schools, colleges, at work, and in military settings 2. Decreasing fast food restaurant dining 3. Increasing family meals and home cooking 4. Learning to cook 5. Self-monitoring of calorie intake and weight 6. Maintaining the healthful eating patterns of a home country after immigrating to the United States
Tanya and a friend are planning to meet for dinner at a nearby restaurant, and they both wish to eat a healthy dinner. Which strategy will help?
Decide what to eat before entering the restaurant.
Donald is looking to make healthy changes to his diet by modifying his food choices. Which principle should he follow to help ensure a positive outcome?
Donald should begin by identifying food choices he would like to change.
Occasionally women are advised to consume alcohol in moderate amounts during pregnancy to help reduce blood pressure.
False
The latest revision of the USDA's food guidance materials is called _____.
MyPlate
Karl's favorite foods are hamburgers, pizza, and fried Chinese foods. What is the best strategy to help him implement and maintain dietary modifications?
Replace one meal a day with a healthier choice, such as a grilled chicken sandwich on whole-grain bread and a serving of steamed vegetables.
Overall, what is the best strategy to help Karl meet his nutrition and health goals?
Select a couple of specific dietary or lifestyle changes that will improve his overall health.
The _____ movement is focused on transitioning dietary trends away from fast and processed foods, and toward sustainable, eco-friendly agricultural practices and locally grown foods.
Slow Food
Certain food colorants and preservatives may be related to hyperactivity in some children.
True
Dietary changes introduced into a culture for the purpose of improving health can be successful only if the change is accepted by the culture.
True
Adults with above-average taste intensity scores appear to maintain their weight over time compared to others with lower scores.
false
Children and adults tend to eat the same amount regardless of the portion size. Children and adults tend to eat the same amount regardless of the portion size
false
Dietary changes that require a lot of will power to maintain rarely last.
false
Evidence indicates that young children, if offered a wide variety of foods, will select and ingest a well-balanced diet.
false
Healthy dietary patterns are anchored by lean meats, fish, and seafood.
false
In general, foods eaten away from home are equal in nutrient content and calories compared to foods eaten at home.
false
National recommendations for diet and physical activity usually apply to children over the age of 2 and are appropriate for every individual in a population.
false
Only 40% of adults consume three or more servings of vegetables and two or more servings of fruits daily.
false
Slow Food USA is a dietary pattern that emphasizes plant foods, such as fruits, vegetables, grains (mostly whole), beans, and nuts.
false
Sound knowledge about good nutrition is enough to ensure that healthy changes in the diet will be made for nearly all people.
false
Studies examining the effects of sugar intake on hyperactivity in children have consistently demonstrated that a relationship exists.
false
The effects of iron-deficiency anemia on the intellectual performance of children are short term and can be reversed with proper treatment. a. True
false
There is evidence to suggest that people deficient in sodium experience an increased preference for foods high in potassium.
false
When estimating food portion sizes, one cup is approximately the size of a tennis ball.
false
Higher risk of violent and aggressive behavior
lead consumption
Five-year-old children in Costa Rica treated for iron-deficiency anemia during infancy scored _____ than similar children without a history of anemia.
lower on hand-eye coordination and other motor skill tests
Increased antisocial behavior in childhood
malnutrition
Improved growth and intellectual functioning in adulthood
nutritional supplementation of malnourished young children
A source of lead most likely includes _____.
pipes only
Which factor has the greatest impact on food selection for most people in the U.S.?
preference
Which dietary behavior is the healthiest modification that may help Karl in general eat better?
self-monitoring his calorie intake and weight
What is a common dietary event that impairs learning in U.S. children?
skipping breakfast
Humans have an inborn attraction to which type of food?
sour
Lead _____.
stays in the body 20 years or more
Potatoes, rice, corn, and yucca are foods that have cultural significance in specific countries and may be referred to as "_____."
super foods
Healthful diets all share four basic characteristics: adequacy, variety, balance, and health maintenance.
true
In addition to other recommendations the 2015 Dietary Guidelines also highlight recommendations for food safety and sustainability.
true
In countries such as the United States food choices are influenced by a range of factors and of these factors food preference has the largest impact.
true
Intake of vegetables and fruits tends to increase when they become cheaper to buy.
true
Learning to cook is a behavioral change that helps people in general eat better.
true
Most of the guidelines for dietary intake include recommendations for physical activity and food safety as well.
true
Nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and values have a lot to do with changing food choices for the better.
true
Once the symbolic value of a food is established as a comfort food its nutritional value is of less concern.
true
Portion sizes or "servings" of food today tend to exceed standard serving sizes developed by the USDA for use in planning healthful diets.
true
Protein-calorie malnutrition that occurs later in childhood produces behavioral effects that can be corrected with nutritional rehabilitation.
true
Small amounts of naturally occurring trans fat are found in milk and meat.
true
The AMDR for protein is 10-35% of total caloric intake.
true
The DASH eating plan was originally designed to help control mild and moderate hypertension.
true
The effects of malnutrition are most severe when malnutrition occurs while the brain is growing and developing.
true
The primary reason efforts to improve food choices fail is that the changes attempted are too drastic.
true
When making a change in their diet, people often relapse because they tried to make too many changes at once.
true
Slower reaction times
very low carbohydrate intake
The effects of malnutrition are most severe when it occurs _____.
while the brain is growing and developing
Supertasters are very sensitive to _____.
a bitter taste
Moderate increases in hyperactivity in susceptible children
ingestion of certain color dye additives
A relationship exists between _____.
iron-deficiency anemia in young children and long-term deficits in learning ability
AMDRs have been set for _____, which are two essential fatty acids.
linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid
Severe protein and calorie deficiency early in life leads to _____.
low intelligence and social passivity
Humans are born with _____.
mechanisms that help them decide when and how much to eat
Supertasters tend _____
not to eat vegetables such as brussels sprouts, cabbage, and broccoli
Occupational exposure to lead in adults is associated with _____.
poor kidney function and the risk of hypertension
"Vacillating" consumers _____.
tend to vary their food choices depending on the occasion
Several dietary patterns have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and _____ compared to Western-style dietary patterns.
type 2 diabetes
According to ChooseMyPlate, a one ounce serving of protein equals _____.
¼ cup of cooked dried beans
Dietary intake of added sugars should be _____% of total calories.
≤10
According to ChooseMyPlate.gov, children and adolescents should get _____ of physical activity.
60 minutes per day
dietary pattern that emphasizes fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, whole grains, poultry, fish, and nuts
63. DASH Eating Plan
For essential nutrients, sufficiency corresponds to intakes that are in line with recommended intake levels represented by the _____.
RDAs and AIs
Most Americans currently consume diets that match the recommendations presented in the 2015 Dietary Guidelines.
false
Recent surveys indicate that food choices made in the United States are trending toward unhealthier dietary patterns.
false
People need relatively large amounts of _____.
fats, water, carbohydrates, and proteins
Evidence that a sixth basic taste exists for _____ is growing.
fatty
Permanent delays in mental development
fetal exposure to alcohol
Which nutrient is most likely to be found in low amounts in the diets of people in the United States?
fiber
Sensitivity to the basic tastes varies among individuals and the differences appear to be strongly influenced by _____.
genetic factors
People choose foods that, based on their cultural background and other learning experiences, _____.
give them pleasure
If nutritional therapy is given to a child who has experienced severe malnutrition during infancy, which factor is likely to improve?
growth
Consumption of an assortment of foods from each of the basic food groups _____.
increases the probability that the diet will provide enough of all the nutrients
According to the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans _____.
intake of vitamin D, calcium, potassium, and fiber should be increased
What is likely the most common single nutrient deficiency?
iron
Long-term deficits in learning ability and social skills
iron deficiency in young children
An effective strategy for improving a person's diet is to _____.
make small acceptable changes
Which factors have a lot to do with changing food choices for the better?
nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and values
Which meal contains food from each of the basic food groups on MyPlate?
oatmeal, nuts, low-fat milk, vegetable juice, and grapefruit
Exposure to alcohol during fetal growth may cause _____.
permanent delays in mental development and behavioral problems
Protein-calorie malnutrition severe enough to cause permanent delays in mental development _____.
rarely occurs in the United States
Which food additives were related to the development of hyperactivity in a study involving a large group of children?
red, yellow, and orange food colorants, and sodium benzoate
People reject foods that bring them discomfort, guilt, and unpleasant memories, and those that _____.
run contrary to their values and beliefs
tend to be solid at room temperature
saturated fats
The DASH and Mediterranean dietary patterns include only a small amount of _____.
sweets
Which dietary pattern was originally based on foods consumed by people in Greece, Crete, and southern Italy?
the Mediterranean diet
Brittany and her friend Mark are going out for dinner and she is looking forward to ordering a steak. What can Brittany use to estimate the number of servings she is getting with her steak?
the palm of her hand
Avoiding illness and curing or diminishing current health problems are strong incentives for changing food choices.
true
Essential nutrients are substances the body requires for normal growth and health that must be obtained in the diet.
true
Frequent dining at fast food restaurants (three or more times per week) is associated with higher intakes of calories, sugar, and sodium and with a higher risk of overweight and obesity than less frequent dining at these restaurants.
true
cereal grains that consist of the intact, ground, cracked, or flaked kernel, which includes the bran, the germ, and the innermost part of the kernel
whole grains
type of unsaturated fatty acid produced by the addition of hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils to make them more solid
whole grains
The AMDR for protein is _____% of total caloric intake.
10-35
The AMDR for total fat is _____% of total caloric intake.
20-35
What is a limitation of MyPlate?
It does not provide specific recommendations for vegans.
Henry finds that his snack choices are high in calories and decides he would like to make healthier choices. Which initial change would provide him with the best chance for sustained improvement in his snacking behavior?
Replace one snack per day with a healthier choice, such as fruit.
Which type of food would be emphasized the most if Brittany decided to follow the Mediterranean diet?
beans
the quantities, proportions, variety, or combination of different foods, drinks, and nutrients in diets, and the frequency with which they are habitually consumed
dietary patterns
foods that contain relatively high amounts of nutrients compared to their calorie value
nutrient-dense foods
whole grains that have been processed to remove the bran and germ
refined grains
According to ChooseMyPlate.gov, _____.
switch to lactose-free milk
Which diet or diets would be a good choice for Brittany to follow to help reduce her risk of chronic disease?
the DASH Eating Plan and the Mediterranean diet
diet consisting of many different foods from all of the food groups
variety
Syrups and other caloric sweeteners are an example of _____.
added sugars
either added during the processing of foods, or are packaged as such
added sugars
Diet consisting of foods that together supply sufficient protein, vitamins, and minerals and enough calories to meet a person's energy needs
adequate diet
Which food served in fast food restaurant has the highest number of calories?
Chicken burrito on flour tortilla with black beans, sour cream, guacamole
Brittany wants help with healthy meal planning from a reliable source. Which resource provides science-based recommendations?
ChooseMyPlate.gov What's Cooking
In addition to a healthy diet, what other recommendation should Brittany follow to help manage her weight according to the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
Engage in at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity.
diet that provides neither too much nor too little of nutrients and other components of food
balanced diet
Taste is a major factor influencing food choices and appears to affect the reinforcing value of food and _____.
body weight
Which portion of the grain kernel remains after it has been refined?
endosperm
Substances the body requires for normal growth and health but cannot manufacture in sufficient amounts
essential nutrients
"Vacillating" consumers tend to consume a diet consistent with their commitment to good nutrition.
false
Blood lead levels in children have increased substantially in recent decades.
false
