nutrition (lab)

which express malnutrition?? 1.Poor wound healing 2.Dry hair 3.BP 130/80 4.Weak hand grip 5.Impaired coordination

1,2,4,5

Normal BP

120/80

how much exercise per week min. old?

150 minutes 30 for 5 days 2x15 for 5 days

bare minimum water intake a day for older adult

1500ml

People are at increased risk for problems related to poor nutritional status if they have a BMI lower than? A.18.5 B.25 C.29.9 D.30

18.5 (olympian or certain athletes dont always follow BMI not the most accurate- very accurate with older adults- not as much muscle)

my plate vegetables

2.5 cups 1 cup= 1 cup raw or cooked vegetables or vegetable juice, or 2 cups of raw leafy greens

Fluid intake for adults:

2000-3000 ml per day!!! (push older adults for 1500ml/1.5L per day

sodium healthy low salt critically low

2400 2000 1500??

my plate dairy

3 cups 1 cup= 1 cup of soy milk, yogurt, 1.5 ounces of cheese is equivalent to the 1 cup from the dairy group

meals for diabetes

3 small meals and 2-3 small snacks per day high fiber- lower net carbs

overweight BMI 24 30 27 32

32

percent calories for each major food group each day

45%-65% carbs, fats ( less than 30% total, less than 7% saturated, LT 1% trans), protein- 10-35%,

my plate protein

5-6.5 oz 1 oz= 1 ounce of meat, ¼ cup of cooked beans, 1 egg, 1 tablespoon of peanut butter

my plate grains

6-7 oz 1 oz= 1 slice of bread, 1 cup of cereal, or ½ cup of cooked rice, cooked pasta, or cooked cereal

uAfter educating a client on MyPyramid recommendations, the nurse realizes more education is needed when the client makes which of the following remarks? A."Limiting the amount of butter in my diet is necessary." B."I need to do at least 15 minutes of physical activity one day a week." C."Two and a half cups of a variety of vegetables are recommended." D."Frying foods is not recommended; baking or broiling are better options."

B."I need to do at least 15 minutes of physical activity one day a week."

vegan possible deficiencies and ways to improve

B12 vitamin or sunflower margarine complete proteins (soybean/ soymilk) nuts, beans, and lentils, combined with whole grain

BMI calculation formula

BMI = 703 x ((weight(lb)/height (in))/height) BMI= kg/meters^2

low cholesterol diet FOODS

Chicken, turkey with skin removed, rabbit, wild duck, squirrel, Oat cereals, Unsalted crackers, Pretzels, vegetable juices

low sodium WHO

Hypertension Patients on Lithium (mood/ antidepressant) patients retaining water (edema)

ideal body weight

Males is 48 kg up to 5 ft and 2.7 kg for each inch over Females is 45 kg for first 5 ft and 2.3 kg for each inch over

insoluble fiber effects;

NO water dissolve, increase waste, lower risk/ progression of cardioV disease, prevent constupation/ help remove toxic waste in coloon

acute pancreatic attack diet and why

NPO- letting bowel rest for 24hr

low socioeconomic barriers to nutrition

access (food desert- limited healthy options-processed foods) finance- eating healthy expensive transportation- not able to drive to store (medical issues/afford)

what tests for levels of usable protein in your blood

albumin test

monitoring lab types

albumin, vitamin, electrolytes

swallowing risks

aspiration (breathing in food) pneumonia (infection in lungs- food is dirty)

How much of your grains should be whole grains?

at least half

soft diet examples

beef if minced, ground, stewed, or creamed, lamb, liver, fish, cooked vegetables, pasta, soft raw fruits, soft bread and cereals, scrambled eggs apple sauce

what is needed to digest fat

bile, pancreas, and liver

Full liquid WHO

cannot chew/swallow solid sore mouth post op GI illness

primary energy source for the body

carbs

Helps your body to repair _______and make new _______

cells; cells

health status and developmental barriers to nutrition:

children: not many teeth adult: convenience, missing teeth, stroke Post surgery: NPO

where to send patients to. #1 instructional site to send them to.

choose my plate .gov

protein to choose/ limit

choose: fish oultry, beans, and nuts limit: red meet cheese, avoid bacon, cold cuts and other processed meats (high sodium and sat. fat)- want to avoid if heart disease or high BP

barrier for adult nutrition

dashers and drivers- convenience of food in busy lifestyle

family involvement

developing a plan of action for pt to shop, prepare food, make meals, possibly deliver graceries

signs of malnutrition?

dry and brittle hair, skin, nails slow wound healing (zinc, vitamin c, protein) less energy (low iron) slow HR and low BP (calcium and sodium) blood work (electrolytes, protein, albumin, prealbumin)

ovo-veg

eat eggs

powerhouse food

egg

ovoolacto

eggs, dairy (vegans might agree to do this short term and ovoveg)

carbs provide the body with ______

energy

Provides ________ Helps body absorb certain ____________ Plays major role in ________levels

energy, vitamins (fat soluble), cholesterol

lipids/fats are sources of essential ________ and carrier for _______ vitamins _______

fatty acids, fat soluble, adek

veggies have what that can help with bowel movements, reduce colon cancer risk, fills you up faster and with smaller amounts

fiber

kidney disease needs

fiber- Fruits, whole cereals, and vegetables,

nursing care education points

food label reading dietary guidlines (disease specific diets, food pyramid)

impaired swallowing s/s

food pocketing, coughing while eating

For example, if you have a patient who is on a low salt diet and you would like them to increase their fruits and veggies but they are limited on access to fresh fruits and vegetables. See if they are able to get _______ verses canned foods

frozen

my plate fruit

fruit 1.5-2 cups 1 cup= 1 cup of fruit or 100% fruit juice, or ½ cup of dried fruit

complex carbs

grains, fruits (some), legumes

soft food diet NOs

grilled cheese, high fats

does not dissolve in water - is roughage - not used for energy - no calories

insoluble fiber

low protein diet WHO

kidney/ liver disease

what type of protein?

lean, complete (animals/ whole grain combined with legumes, lentils, nuts, seeds

low sodium diet

limit to 2000mg per day (one teaspoon)

full liquid diet

liquid at room temperature (more cals than clear liquid)

clear liquid diet parameters and examples

liquid consistency, see through clear water, clear sodas/juices, plain gelatin, honey, ice pops (without fruit/pulp) tea coffee broth without cream or milk

type 2 diet

low fat diet related to CHD

low cholesterol diet

lower fat and cholesterol levels

cooking veggies...

might lose some fiber but still have some vitamins

Maintain muscle, heart, brain, and nervous function

minerals

general category Maintain healthy bones, teeth, & fluid balance

minerals

vegetarian possible deficiencies

no animal meat or flesh (iron, protein) true live for the value

vegans

no animal products of any types including- eggs, milk, honey...

water hydrating requirements for drinks

no caffeine, no sugar, no carbonation

soft food diet reasons

no teeth, poor dentures acute infections, certain gastrointestinal post op

type 2 diabetes and symptoms meds

not enough insulin/ resistance excessive thirst, urination, hunger, fatigue, blurred vision metaformin, insulin

NPO

nothing by mouth (NOTHING not even meds) do not assume doctor meant prescription were exempt

high soluble fiber foods

oats, rice bran, barley, peas, beans, apple pulp, citrus fruits, strawberries psyllium husk

healthy/low/high bmi

obese: greater than 30 overweight: greater than 24.9 underweight: lower than 18.5 Healthy: 18.5-24.9

how many places do you round for a BMI

one place behind the decimal NOT ANY MORE THAN THAT

low cholesterol diet WHO

people with hyperlipidemia (high blood lipid) atherosclerosis (narrow arteries- plaque build up) cholelithiasis (gallstones) other cardiovascular diseases

cognitive barriers to nutrition

poor memory: to drink/eat like they should refusal poor judgement food prep- difficulty

what items do not count as vegetables?

potatoes and french fries

clear diet WHO

prep for/ recovering from test, procedure, or surgery

calories in each gram of the 3 major macromolecules

protein: 4, carb: 4, fat: 9 (almost double bc more complex molecules)

uThe nurse is teaching dietary modifications to the client with hypertension. The nurse instructs the client to eat which of the following snack foods? A.Raw Carrots B.Frozen Pizza C.Cheese and Crackers D.Can Soup

raw carrots

nursing care- referrals

recognize when needed (dietician) tell physician social services (cant afford meals)

simple carbs

refined grains, sugars

prealbumin

shows improvement within 4 days

soluble fibe effects

slow digestion (more able to absorb vitamins and nutrients from food) dissolves in water- L.intestine forming gel) lower total cholesterol and LDL/ improve glycemic index

soft diet parameters

soft consistency, easy to chew AND easily DIGESTIBLE, simple components

dissolves in water and can be used as energy source - has calories

soluble fiber

soluble v insoluble fiber and where it is found

soluble fiber- oat brans, barley, nuts, seeds, beans, lentils, fruits (citrus and apples) strawberries and many veg, peass insoluble- whole wheat, whole grain, veg, wheath bran

low carb diet AVOID

starches (bread, rice, potato, grits, cereals) milk fruit and 100% fruit juice (could water down 50- 50) sweets (candy, fruit punch, coconut water, regular sodas, including ginger ale)

NPO reasons

testing preparation, surgery prep, bowel rest, dysphagia

AVOID for low sodium

uPickled uCanned uSnack foods uCured meats ucheeses uSoups uTable salt uPreservatives uFlavor enhancers (soy sauce, Accent, lowrys) uINSTANT ON THE LABEL

normal cholesterol

under 200

medical barrier to nutrition

vision- helping blind put food infront of them and help them get to it direct them to it swallowing- (ALS/stroke)- put on the side that they can use and eat on to help them

problem when a burn victim is vegan

vitamin c, zinc, PROTEIN

wound healing boost

vitamin c, zinc, protein

Play a role in metabolism, immunity, & digestion

vitamins

Hydrates cells/tissues Aids in digestion Lubricates joints

water

nursing nutrition care monitoring:

weight: (BMI) range healthy limit labs: albumin, prealbumin, vitamin, electrolyte S/S (signs and symptoms of impaired swallowing) intake/output (reg bowel, urination)

high insoluble fiber foods

wheat bran, whole grain, whole grains, rice, flax seed, nuts, popcorn, cabbage, beets, carrots, brussel sprouts, turnips, cauliflower, spple SKIN, other fru and veg skin

limit what types of grains

white rice and white bread- eat whole wheat and whole grain

things to ask for social services about nutrition

who is shopping, who is cooking/ preparing the meal, refrigerator?,does it work?

high protein WHO

wound healing, muscle gain

SOME barriers to nutrition to be aware of when teaching

young without many teeth, old missing teeth, adults missing teeth, stroke can only eat on one side, socioeconomic- food dessert without nutritious foods, finance, transportation