Nutrition, Metabolism and Temperature Regulation

The Daily Values appearing on food labels are based on a ________ kilocalorie reference diet. Select one: a. 1200 b. 1500 c. 2000 d. 2500

. 2000

Phospholipids Select one: a. are found in cell membranes. b. are used as an energy source by cells. c. can be modified to form cholesterol. d. are involved in the process of inflammation. e. are found inside organelles.

. are found in cell membranes.

Eicosanoids are involved in Select one: a. inflammation. b. blood clotting. c. tissue repair. d. smooth muscle contraction. e. All of these choices are correct.

. inflammation. b. blood clotting. c. tissue repair. d. smooth muscle contraction. e. All of these choices are correct.

The result of five turns of the citric acid cycle would be Select one: a. 5 ATP, 5 NADH, 5 FADH2, 5 carbon dioxide. b. 5 ATP, 15 NADH, 5 FADH2, 10 carbon dioxide. c. 10 ATP, 30 NADH, 10 FADH2, 20 carbon dioxide. d. 10 ATP, 10 NADH, 5 FADH2, 10 carbon dioxide. e. 15 ATP, 15 NADH, 15 FADH2, 15 carbon dioxide

5 ATP, 15 NADH, 5 FADH2, 10 carbon dioxide.

When is NAD+ reduced to form NADH in glycolysis? Select one: a. After cleavage of sugar b. First step of the process c. Right before the cleavage step d. Right before conversion to pyruvic acid

After cleavage of sugar

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Catabolic reactions are synthesis reactions. b. Anabolic reactions are involved in the production of proteins from amino acids. c. The energy derived from anabolism is used to drive catabolism. d. Anabolic reactions release energy. e. Catabolic reactions consume energy.

Anabolic reactions are involved in the production of proteins from amino acids.

What would happen to a vitamin if its chemical structure is destroyed by catabolism? Select one: a. It could be recycled. b. It would become nonfunctional. c. It becomes a provitamin. d. It becomes a coenzyme. e. Nothing; this is normal.

It would become nonfunctional.

Which of the following recommendations regarding daily requirements is correct? Select one: a. Fats should account for 45% of total caloric intake. b. Carbohydrate intake should be around 500 grams daily. c. Protein consumption should be 10-35% of total kilocalorie intake. d. Cholesterol intake should be about 300 milligrams per day. e. Protein consumption should be about 45% of total kilocalorie intake.

Protein consumption should be 10-35% of total kilocalorie intake.

Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is false? Select one: a. The process occurs in the mitochondria. b. The major end product of the cycle is lactic acid. c. At several steps, NADH molecules are formed. d. Carbon dioxide is produced at several steps in the cycle. e. Two ATP are formed in the cycle from one glucose.

The major end product of the cycle is lactic acid.

Which class of nutrients do we require the least of? Select one: a. Vitamins b. Water c. Carbohydrates d. Lipids e. Proteins

Vitamins

The production of protein by cells is an example of Select one: a. anabolism. b. catabolism. c. glycolysis. d. phosphorylation. e. decomposition.

anabolism.

Minerals Select one: a. are organic nutrients. b. can be manufactured by the body if the diet does not supply enough. c. can serve as buffers and components of enzymes. d. are found in high concentrations in refined cereals and breads. e. are not necessary for normal metabolic function.

can serve as buffers and components of enzymes.

Which of the following is least likely to occur late in the postabsorptive state? Select one: a. hydrolysis of triglycerides b. use of acetyl-CoA and ketones for energy c. formation of glycogen d. use of proteins as an energy source e. reduced removal of glucose from the blood

formation of glycogen

What atom is a major player in the production of energy from nutrient molecules? Select one: a. carbon b. oxygen c. hydrogen d. nitrogen

hydrogen

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body is known as Select one: a. absorption. b. metabolism. c. digestion. d. catabolism. e. anabolism

metabolism.

If the fatty acid portion of a fat molecule has ten double covalent bonds, the fat is said to be Select one: a. hydrogenated. b. polyunsaturated c. monounsaturated. d. saturated. e. disaturated.

polyunsaturated

Which of the following steps in glycolysis occurs last? Select one: a. oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate b. production of ATP from phosphoenolpyruvic acid c. phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate d. cleavage of fructose 1, 6 diphosphate e. input of 2 ATP molecules

production of ATP from phosphoenolpyruvic acid

About 95% of the lipids in the human diet are Select one: a. cholesterol derivatives. b. lecithins. c. triglycerides. d. starches and other complex polysaccharides. e. phospholipids.

triglycerides.

Which of the following events would occur when the environmental temperature is considerably lower than body temperature? Select one: a. sweating b. vasoconstriction of the blood vessels of the skin c. increased heat loss through the skin d. decreased muscular activity to maintain heat e. vasodilation of the blood vessels of the skin

vasoconstriction of the blood vessels of the skin

Which of the following minerals is mismatched with its function? Select one: a. calcium - bone formation b. zinc - hemoglobin synthesis c. potassium - muscle and nerve function d. cobalt - erythrocyte production e. selenium - component of many enzymes

zinc - hemoglobin synthesis