Nutrition Midterm 1

Which of the following plant oils contains the highest amount of saturated fat per tablespoon? Canola oil Coconut oil Safflower oil Walnut oil

Coconut oil

Which of the following food marketing efforts can influence an individual's food selections? Advertising on social media Food packaging Placement of products on shelves All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following sources of oils would be recommended as part of a healthy diet? Lard Shortening Avocado Butter

Avocado

You are planning a party for a group of college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the Jewish, Islamic, and Mormon religions. Which of the following menu items would be acceptable to everyone at the party?

Meatless bean dip

Which of the following statements is true? Scientists classify forms of fiber according to their solubility in oil. Most forms of fiber are comprised of fructose molecules bonded together. Dietary fiber includes the stringy material found in tough, overcooked meat. Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

Which of the following statements is true? Segmentation enables chyme to move through the esophagus. Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.Correct Foods that taste bitter are generally good energy sources because of their high carbohydrate contents. The gallbladder makes bile and stores the compound in the liver.

Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

Pancreas

Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent all MyPlate food groups?

Salad made with hard-cooked eggs, grapes, leaf lettuce, cooked pasta, and cheddar cheese

Alicia has PKU. She would like to sweeten her coffee with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g. Based on this information, which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use? Aspartame Sucralose Invert sugar Xylitol

Sucralose

Goblet cells produce

mucus.

Absorption of _______ occurs in the large intestine.

water and minerals

Every morning, Sarah stops at a convenience store to buy a 20-ounce bottle of a regular soft drink to consume before and during her early classes. Around noon, she drinks a sugar-sweetened tea that she purchased from a vending machine on campus. After she read news about the possible negative health effects of added sugars, she became concerned about her consumption of sugar-sweetened foods and beverages. She decides to follow the recommendations of the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans regarding added sugar intakes. Sarah usually consumes about 1800 kcal/day. Based on this information, she should limit her added sugar intake to less than ________ kcal/day. 180 Correct 144 90 216

180

Javier wants to eat enough salad greens in one meal to equal 1 cup of vegetables. How much of the greens should he eat?

2 cups

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, most healthy adults should limit their daily sodium intake to less than ________ mg/day.

2300

Approximately _______ of individuals experiencing symptoms from COVID-19 report that they cannot smell and/or taste food.

40%

The Dietary Guidelines are updated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture about every ________ years.

5

Because of the high glycemic index (GI), which of the following foods should be avoided or consumed in moderation by a person with diabetes? Edamame (sweet green soybeans) Whole grain spaghetti Baked potato Apple

Baked potato

Layla loves to cook, but she is concerned about the effects that certain dietary lipids may have on her health. She wants to prepare foods with fats that are naturally low in saturated fatty acids and high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Based on this information, which of the following ingredients should she select? Canola oil Coconut oil Lard Butter

Canola oil

Which of the following digestive hormones is most important for digestion of fat as it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder into the small intestine?

Cholecystokinin

Fai was recently diagnosed with lactose intolerance. She knows that consuming enough vitamin D and calcium is important for those with lactose intolerance. With that in mind, which of the following do you recommend? Select soft cheeses rather than hard cheeses. Consume 2-3 cups of cow's milk daily. Consume lactose-free milk. Avoid yogurt due to the high concentration of lactose.

Consume lactose-free milk.

Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids? Low-fat milk Leaf lettuce Flaxseeds Apples

Flaxseeds

Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues? Insulin LDL HDL Insoluble fiber

HDL

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol? Chylomicron HDL VLDL LDL

LDL

________ acid is an essential fatty acid. Stearic Linoleic Correct Lauric Palmitic

Linoleic

The ________ cells of the gastric glands synthesize and release intrinsic factor, which is necessary for vitamin B12 absorption.

Parietal

Which of the following statements is true? People who consume less than the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of a nutrient have a high risk of developing the nutrient's toxicity disorder. People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement.Correct People who consume 90% of the RDA for iron regularly are likely to develop an iron deficiency. Nutrition scientists have established RDAs for all essential nutrients.

People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement.

________ contribute to the flexibility, structure, and proper functioning of cell membranes. Carbohydrates Fat-soluble vitamins Phospholipids Saturated fatty acids

Phospholipids

Which of the following foods or beverages is a main source of added sugars in American diets? Pastries Fruit juices Jams and jellies Regular soft drinks

Regular soft drinks

Which of the following statements is true? Control groups are not as important to nutrition-based research studies as they are to other types of research. A single-blind experiment is one in which neither the investigator nor the subjects know which treatment group each participant is a part of in the study. Scientific studies to investigate the same question can have different findings. When interpreting results of their studies, researchers generally seek to include some bias into their analyses.

Scientific studies to investigate the same question can have different findings.

Which of the following foods contains cholesterol? Ripe banana Shrimp White potato Green beans

Shrimp

Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate? Glucose High-fructose corn syrup Soluble fiber Correct Lactose

Soluble fiber

The enzyme ________ is necessary for digesting the disaccharide that contains one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. lactase maltase amylase sucrase

Sucrase

Which of the following statements is true? In the United States, only registered dietitian nutritionists can provide nutrition information. Pseudoscience is the scientific study of the causation and treatment of chronic diseases. The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation. Registered dietitian nutritionists are not required to update their knowledge of nutrition and dietetics regularly.

The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation.

Some forms of processing remove nutrients that were naturally in the food. T/F

True

Which type of diabetes is most common in the United States? Insulin-dependent diabetes Type 2 diabetes Type 1 diabetes Gestational diabetes

Type 2 diabetes

To establish a nutrient's RDA, nutrition scientists add ________ of the nutrient to its EAR.

a "margin of safety" amount

The ileocecal sphincter is located between the ileum and descending colon. jejunum. ascending colon.Correct stomach.

ascending colon.

Don recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet. According to the results of the analysis, his average daily saturated fat intake was 5% of total calories and his average daily unsaturated fat intake was 12% of total calories. Based on this information, his total fat intake is ________ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range. More information about Don's omega-3 intake is needed to answer this question. below above within

below

A primary function of the digestive system is the

breakdown of food into nutrients.

Generally, epidemiological studies ________. establish causation without experimentation cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships prove positive correlations involve in vitro experimentation

cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships

Jared has a high risk of cardiovascular disease, because he has ________. a family history of cystic fibrosis Asian ancestry high blood levels of HDL cholesterol chronic high blood pressure

chronic high blood pressure

Dorothy is an 85-year-old woman who is having difficulty swallowing. Food seems to enter her stomach too slowly. Based on this information, Dorothy probably has a(n)

condition characterized by loss of peristaltic functioning.

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information? choosemyplate.gov dietsnomore4u.com eatright.org stanford.edu

dietsnomore4u.com (.com is generally less reliable)

Pancreatic amylase.... is secreted by the gallbladder. contributes to cystic fibrosis. digests starch in the small intestine. Correct converts glucose to energy in cells.

digests starch in the small intestine.

Heart disease has both modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors that contribute to its development. All of the following are lifestyle risk factors for heart disease EXCEPT ________. sedentary lifestyle excessive alcohol consumption low-fiber and high solid-fat diet family history and genetic predisposition for heart disease cigarette smoking

family history and genetic predisposition for heart disease

Katie is pregnant. She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level. Based on this information, Katie is more likely to require more vitamin D, calcium, and iron than a pregnant woman who does not have diabetes. require more glucagon than she needed before becoming pregnant. give birth to a baby that has birth defects. have a lower risk of gestational hypertension.

give birth to a baby that has birth defects.

Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes ________ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits. glucagon thyroxin insulin aldosterone

glucagon

Albert is a healthy, 23-year-old college student. He would like to know more about his risk of cardiovascular disease, so he can take preventive measures, if they are necessary. Albert should ________. test his urine for the presence of glucocorticoids undergo cardiac catheterization to determine the ejection factor of his heart have a chest x-ray have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood

have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood

Insulin.... increases blood glucose levels after meals. is released during fasting periods, such as between meals. helps glucose enter cells. Correct stimulates cells to break down glycogen for energy.

helps glucose enter cells.

Monique is a 19-year-old college student who would like to follow a Mediterranean diet pattern instead of her typical "western" diet. Based on this information, Monique should _______.

increase her intake of fruit

Starch... cannot be digested by human enzymes. is found in both plant and animal food sources. is more branched than glycogen. is composed of amylose and amylopectin.

is composed of amylose and amylopectin.

The ________ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

large intestine

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome often includes making dietary changes and having the lower third of the colon removed. reducing physical activity. learning stress management strategies. Correct lying down after meals.

learning stress management strategies.

A chylomicron is a type of ________. lipoprotein sterol phospholipid fatty acid

lipoprotein

The ________ sphincter closes after a bolus has been swallowed and enters the stomach. This sphincter is essential to prevent the contents of the stomach reentering the esophagus.

lower esophageal

The innermost layer of the wall of the GI tract is the

mucosa.

The vitamin effective in treating pellagra is biotin. vitamin K. ascorbic acid. niacin.

niacin

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirin regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing peptic ulcers. Correct chronic constipation. irritable bowel syndrome. cystic fibrosis.

peptic ulcers.

In the body, certain lipids ________. provide energy are used to make minerals are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber stimulate the production of enzymes

provide energy

The ________ sphincter is located between the stomach and small intestine.

pyloric

A group of nutrition researchers interviews 100 adults who have heart disease to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in fiber during adolescence and developing heart disease in adulthood. This study is an example of a ________ study. case-control prospective retrospective macrosomatic

retrospective

Each of the following foods often contains small amounts of plant sterols and/or stanols EXCEPT _______. nuts salmon seeds legumes

salmon

During an online interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement, "Most Americans suffer from nutritional-deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n) ________. medical hypothesis scare tactic intuitive deduction personal observation

scare tactic

Carlos has a family history of premature heart disease and stroke. To lower his risk of cardiovascular disease, Carlos should ________. increase his intake of vitamin K take medication to increase his blood pressure stop smoking cigarettes increase his intake of trans fat

stop smoking cigarettes

Which of the following nutrients is NOT involved in cellular development? Proteins Carbohydrates Minerals Lipids

Carbohydrates

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who are healthy but need to avoid solid food for awhile. Based on this information, s/he is likely to refer to ________ when developing the new formula.

DRIs

Kristan uses %DVs to help plan nutritious menus with various packaged foods. She should try to obtain at least 100% of the Daily Value for which of the following nutrients? Fiber Fat Added sugars Sodium

Fiber

Which of the following is a simple carbohydrate? Starch Fructose Correct Lignin Glycogen

Fructose

Which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach? Chyme Gastric juice Saliva Bile salts

Gastric juice

Many of the top ten leading causes of death in the United States are associated with certain dietary practices. What are the top two leading causes of death in the United States? Heart disease and cancer Cancer and kidney disease Alzheimer's disease and blood-borne infections Diabetes and accidents Chronic lower respiratory infections and stroke

Heart disease and cancer

A diet that supplies adequate amounts of nutrients prevents _______.

nutrient-deficiency disorders

Undernutrition and overnutrition are both problems in the United States. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT ________. overnutrition can be caused by long-term excessive energy intake overnutrition is less common than undernutrition in the United States overnutrition is a type of malnutrition overnutrition is often characterized by obesity

overnutrition is less common than undernutrition in the United States

A nutrition researcher would like to determine whether women who take fish oil supplements during pregnancy give birth to babies who score higher on basic intelligence tests when they are 5 years of age than the 5-year old children that were born to women who did not take the fish oil supplements during pregnancy. This kind of research is a(n) ________ study. case-control double-blind prospective in vivo

prospective

Who is responsible for revising the Health People Report every 10 years? U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Academy of Sciences United States Department of Agriculture Food and Drug Administration

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Max wants to increase his intake of vitamin D without taking a dietary supplement. When he shops for food, he reads Nutrition Facts labels. Which of the following information will help him choose foods that are the richest sources of vitamin D?

%DV's

Which of the following standards can help you compare nutritional contents of packaged foods to make more healthful choices?

%DVs

The host of a radio program makes a "red flag" claim about a nutrition-related product, because the claim is generally an indication that the information about the product is unreliable. The radio program host said, "According to the FDA, this product is classified a dietary supplement, because it contains vitamins." "The ingredients in this product are listed on the label." "This product contains sugar and certain artificial color and flavor additives." "All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven to cure cancer."

"All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven to cure cancer."

John's blood test results indicate that his LDL-cholesterol level is too high. Which of the following actions would a registered dietitian nutritionist recommend? Reduce intake of fresh fruits and vegetables Take a broad spectrum antibiotic Increase egg yolk consumption Increase intake of legumes and nuts

Increase intake of legumes and nuts

What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber?

Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water.

For lunch today, Quentin ate a turkey sandwich on whole wheat bread, a small bag of pretzels, and an apple. He also drank a 20-fluid ounce orange-flavored sports drink. Which component of his lunch would be considered a source of empty calories?

Sports drink

Which of the following reasons is NOT an important reason why people should study nutrition? To recognize that humans may lose their instinctive drive to satisfy their hunger with nutritious foods To provide advice to people concerning which dietary supplements should be consumed and which should be avoided To learn about the role of nutrients in the body and how the nutritional quality of a person's diet affects his or her health To improve one's food intake to achieve or maintain a healthy weight

To provide advice to people concerning which dietary supplements should be consumed and which should be avoided

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the ________.

amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population

Having a control group enables researchers to compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group. provide specific treatments to participants of the group. avoid using harmful interventions when testing control subjects' responses. explore possible hypotheses for future research efforts.

compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group.

Victor is making cake batter. When he added canola oil, low-fat milk, baking powder, and salt together, the oil and milk separated into two layers. To make a mixture that does not separate into oily and watery components, Victor should add ________ and stir the ingredients together. high-fructose corn syrup fruit juice egg yolks whey protein

egg yolks

A refined grain product that has iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid added to replace amounts lost during processing has been _______,

enriched

Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Bernetta

has trouble swallowing.

Bees are important to the food supply as they help pollinate at least _______ of the plants used to produce food consumed across the globe. one-tenth one-quarter one-fifth one-third

one-third

All of the following are harmful to the health of a bee colony except planting bee-friendly flowers.Correct pollution. clearing of land for industrial use. excess use of pesticides.

planting bee-friendly flowers.

To reduce her intake of added sugar, Isabelle should consume energy drinks instead of coffee. increase her intake of beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup. consume more refined sources of carbohydrates. replace regular soft drinks with plain water.

replace regular soft drinks with plain water.

Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid? Palmitic acid Stearic acid Alpha-linolenic acid Oleic acid

Alpha-linolenic acid

Which of the following statements is true? If you do not consume 100% of the Daily Values for nutrients, you have a high risk of developing nutritional-deficiency disorders. Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes.Correct Nutrition Facts labels provide information about amounts of ingredients in product recipes. The Nutrition Facts panel displays the amount of phytochemicals in a serving of the food.

Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes.

Which of the following statements about Dumping Syndrome is false? Dumping Syndrome often occurs following surgery of the esophagus or stomach, including bariatric surgery. A person experiencing Dumping Syndrome may be advised to eat smaller meals to manage the symptoms associated with the syndrome. Dumping Syndrome may result in symptoms such as nausea, sweating, and rapid heart rate. Dumping Syndrome results in chyme staying in the stomach too long, rather than moving into the small intestine.

Dumping Syndrome results in chyme staying in the stomach too long, rather than moving into the small intestine.

Which of the following statements about lipids is true? Lipids dissolve in water-based substances, such as vinegar. Lipids dissolve in organic solvents, such as alcohol and acetone.Correct Most lipids are hydrophilic. Oil is more dense than water such that it floats to the bottom when oil and water are mixed.

Lipids dissolve in organic solvents, such as alcohol and acetone.

Maria usually consumes about 2000 kcal/day. On average, her fat intake is approximately 90 g/day. Based on this information, which of the following statements describes Maria's diet? Maria's fat intake is within the AI. Maria's fat intake is higher than the AMDR. Maria's fat intake is not high enough to support good health. Maria's fat intake meets the RDA for lipids.

Maria's fat intake is higher than the AMDR.

A group of 50 adult male humans were in a clinical study to determine how much niacin is toxic. During the first 2 weeks of the study, members of the group consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete, except it contained 24 mg niacin, which is 1.5 times the RDA for niacin (males). At that point in the study, all members reported feeling fine, and they could function normally. During the next week, they were given a formula that contained 48 mg niacin. Within a few days of consuming this formula, 90% of the participants reported feeling ill, and they complained of having upset stomachs and flushing (redness) on their faces. At that point, researchers gave the subjects a formula that contained 16 mg niacin. After a week of consuming the new formula, all participants reported feeling well again. Based on this information, the researchers concluded that the ________.

UL for niacin was between 24 and 48 mg/day

Due to a respiratory bacterial infection, Amanda had to take a large spectrum antibiotic for a period of 7 days. At the end of the regimen, her respiratory problem was gone; however, she informed her doctor that she now has diarrhea and other digestive problems. What do you think the doctor will recommend to Amanda to relieve her diarrhea and digestive problems?

Take probiotics to restore the population of beneficial bacteria she lost due to the antibiotic she was taking

According to the MyPlate guidelines, fruits and vegetables should account for about ________ of the food on a person's plate. Multiple Choice

one-half

Which of the following provides the most lactose? Cottage cheese, 1/2 cup Yogurt, 1 cup Cow's milk, 1 cup Half-and-half, 1/2 cup

Cow's milk, 1 cup