Nutrition (Questions)

A (B is folic acid)

A client asks the nurse why vitamin C intake is so important during pregnancy. How should the nurse respond? a) "Vitamin C is required to promote blood clot and collagen formation." b) "Supplemental vitamin C in large doses can prevent neural tube defects." c) "Eating moderate amounts of foods high in vitamin C helps metabolize fats and carbohydrates." d) "Studies have shown that vitamin C helps the growth of fetal bones."

A

A client in cardiac rehabilitation would like to eat the right foods to ensure adequate endurance on the treadmill. Which nutrient is most helpful for promoting endurance during sustained activity? a) carbohydrate b) water c) fat d) protein

B

A client who can't tolerate oral feedings begins receiving intermittent enteral feedings. When monitoring for evidence of intolerance to these feedings, the nurse must remain alert for a) constipation, dehydration, and hypercapnia. b) diaphoresis, vomiting, and diarrhea. c) manifestations of electrolyte disturbances. d) manifestations of hypoglycemia.

D (reduce fluid retention to reduce swelling)

An older adult has vertigo accompanied with tinnitus as the result of Ménière's disease. The nurse should instruct the client to restrict which dietary element? a) potassium b) fluids c) protein d) sodium

B, C, F (also fish, beets, broccoli, cauliflower, mushrooms and melons) (Would want high fiber food b/c increases fecal formation)

As part of a routine screening for colorectal cancer, a client must undergo fecal occult blood testing. Which foods would the nurse instruct the client to avoid 48 to 72 hours before the test and throughout the collection period? Select all that apply. a) high-fiber foods b) red meat c) turnips d) tomatoes e) apples f) horseradish

C

Clients who are receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) are at risk for development of which complication? a) orthostatic hypotension b) pulmonary hypertension c) fluid imbalances d) hypostatic pneumonia

A (fats decrease esophageal sphincter tone, which increases reflux)

The client attends two sessions with the dietitian to learn about diet modifications to minimize gastroesophageal reflux. The teaching would be considered successful if the client decreases the intake of which foods? a) fats b) high-sodium foods c) carbohydrates d) high-calcium foods

D

The nurse determines that the parent understands the diet restrictions for a child with chronic renal failure who is receiving peritoneal dialysis when the parent reports providing a diet involving which components? a) sodium and water restrictions b) high protein and carbohydrates c) high potassium and iron d) protein and phosphorus restrictions

A (s/s of NEC! Can rapidly progress to sepsis)

The nurse is caring for a preterm neonate in the neonatal intensive care unit receiving enteral feedings. The nurse notes an increase in respiratory rate, increase in regurgitation of feeding solution, and moderate abdominal distention. What action does the nurse take based on these findings? a) stop the enteral feeding b) check the feeding tube placement c) notify the healthcare provider d) document findings and reassess in 15 to 20 minutes

C

The nurse is instructing the client with chronic renal failure to maintain adequate nutritional intake. Which diet would be most appropriate? a) high-carbohydrate, high-protein b) high-calcium, high-potassium, high-protein c) low-protein, low-sodium, low-potassium d) low-protein, high-potassium

A (Cushing's causes Na+ retention, which increases K+ loss) (So want K+ rich foods, like fruit) (Restrict others r/t sodium content)

When teaching a client with Cushing's syndrome about dietary changes, the nurse should instruct the client to increase intake of a) fresh fruits. b) dairy products. c) cereals and grains. d) processed meats.

B (Good amount of calories and protein)

When instructing the client with severe burns about proper nutrition, the nurse should encourage the client to choose which menu for lunch? a) chicken breast, salad, and iced tea b) roast beef sandwich, milkshake, and cottage cheese c) hamburger, orange, and coffee d) pasta salad, carrots, and milk

C (B is wrong b/c could increase feelings of fullness, nausea and vomiting the pt already has)

A client's nutritional status has been severely compromised through prolonged episodes of nausea and vomiting. Which nutritional therapy will be the most effective in correcting nutritional deficits before surgery? a) high-protein between-meal nourishment four times a day b) continuous enteral feedings at 200 mL/hour c) total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for several days d) IV infusion of normal saline solution at 125 mL/hour

B

A client on prolonged bed rest has developed a pressure ulcer. The wound shows no signs of healing even though the client has received skin care and has been turned every 2 hours. What is the best action by the nurse? a) Encourage the client to increase caloric intake. b) Evaluate client protein levels. c) Contact the healthcare provider for a vitamin D supplement. d) Massage the affected area to increase blood flow.

C

A client with cancer of the stomach had a total gastrectomy 2 days earlier. Which indicates the client is ready to try a liquid diet? a) The client is hungry. b) The client has not requested pain medication for 8 hours. c) The client has frequent bowel sounds. d) The client has had a bowel movement.