Nutrition Quizes
When protein is converted to glucose or fat, nitrogen is eliminated from the body via the kidneys. spitting or vomiting. sweat. feces.
the kidneys
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for total protein intake is 10% to 35% of total kcal. 20% to 35% of total kcal. 45% to 65% of total kcal.
10% to 35% of total kcal.
Who has the LOWEST health risk, based on the information provided? 6'3" male, 184 pounds, waist circumference 41" 6'0" male, 221 pounds, waist circumference 38" 5'3" female, 164 pounds, waist circumference 38" 5'6" female, 142 pounds, waist circumference 30"
5'6" female, 142 pounds, waist circumference 30"
Which of the following individuals would be at highest risk for cardiovascular disease? 45-year-old woman; pre-menopausal; HDL: 65 mg/dl 39-year-old man; limited fruit and vegetable intake; HDL: 45 mg/dl 50-year-old man; Abdominal obesity; HDL-C = 39 mg/dl Correct 35-year-old woman; Total blood cholesterol = 192 mg/dl; HDL-C = 57 mg/dl
50-year-old man; Abdominal obesity; HDL-C = 39 mg/dl Correct
Alicia is a sedentary, 20-year-old woman. She weighs 145 pounds. Based on her body weight, what is her Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein? 46 grams 53 grams 66 grams 116 grams
53 grams
Basal metabolism is the largest component of total energy expenditure, typically accounting for 60% to 75% of total energy needs. Which of the following factors would decrease your basal metabolic rate? A fever Use of caffeine A low calorie intake Gains in muscle mass
A low calorie intake
The nitrogen from amino acid breakdown is stored in the liver. oxidized to carbohydrate. converted to urea. converted to fat.
converted to urea
For a person with celiac disease, exposure to dietary gluten results in damage to the small intestine. stomach. esophagus. large intestine.
small intestine
The human body's storage capacity varies for different nutrients. Match the following nutrients with their primary storage site in the body. Word bank: fat carbohydrates (glycogen) calcium Adipose tissue Muscles and liver Bone
Adipose tissue: fat Muscles and liver: carbohydrates (glycogen) Bone: calcium
Click and drag to indicate whether the following foods provide high-quality (complete) or lower-quality (incomplete) protein. whey (milk protein) rice chicken gelatin egg garbanzo bean
High-quality (complete) protein: chicken egg Whey (milk protein) Lower-quality (incomplete) protein: Garbanzo bean Gelatin Rice
Bodybuilding magazines have numerous advertisements for protein and amino acid supplements. Which of the following is a potential problem associated with taking individual amino acid supplements? Protein deficiency Impaired absorption of other amino acids Weight loss All of these
Impaired absopriton of other amino acids
Diets high in trans fatty acids tend to ______ a person's risk of heart disease. decrease increase
Increase
The Food and Nutrition Board recommend that total fat intake should be ________ of total daily calories (also known as the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range or AMDR for fat). 10-30% 20-35% 45-60% 50-75%
20-35%
Joe has a hectic schedule. During the day, he works full time at a warehouse distribution center filling orders. At night, three times a week, he attends class at the local community college in pursuit of computer certification. On weekends, he likes to watch sports on television, spend time with family and friends, and study. Joe has little time to exercise or think about what he eats—that is, convenience rules. He stops for coffee and a pastry on his way to work, has a burger or pizza for lunch at a fast-food restaurant, and for dinner picks up fried chicken or fish at the drive-through on his way to class. Unfortunately, over the past few years, Joe's weight has been climbing. He is 5 feet, 10 inches tall and weighs 200 pounds. Lately, he has frequently been short of breath during his shift at work. Watching a game on television a few nights ago, he saw an infomercial for a weight-loss supplement that promises to increase his energy level and allow him to continue to eat large portions of tasty foods but not gain weight. A famous actor supports the claim that this product allows one to eat at will and not gain weight. This claim is tempting to Joe. Joe's body mass index (BMI) is ______ kg/m2.
28.7
Which amount is largest? 2 g 1300 mg 400 mcg 800 mcg
2g
Age, body composition, and stage of the life cycle may influence basal metabolic rate. Click to select one of each pair below to indicate which person has the higher basal metabolic rate. A pregnant woman or a nonpregnant woman a woman who weighs 150lbs and has 25% body fat or a woman who weighs 150lbs and has a 30% body fat a 35-year-old woman or a 35-year-old man a man who is 5'10" and weighs 180 pounds or a man who is 6'2" and weighs 180 pounds
A pregnant woman a woman who weighs 150 pounds and has a 25% body fat a 35-year-old man a man who is 5'10" and weigh 180 pounds
The liver secretes ______ to emulsify fats in the chyme in the small intestine. bile Correct bicarbonate lipase hydrochloric acid
bile
Lisa is a 19-year-old college student who recently began experiencing symptoms of lactose intolerance. She recognizes the importance of consuming adequate dietary calcium but does not want to further aggravate her gastrointestinal system. Click to select all of the dietary practices that can help Lisa meet her calcium needs without causing symptoms of lactose intolerance. Drink low-lactose or lactase-treated milk, such as lactaid Eat hard cheeses and yogurt Take lactase pills before eating or drinking dairy products Drink calcium-fortified soymilk
Drink low-lactose or lactase-treated milk, such as lactaid Eat hard cheeses and yogurt Take lactase pills before eating or drinking dairy products Drink calcium-fortified soymilk
Categorize each class of nutrient as energy-yielding or non-energy-yielding. -carbohydrate -minerals -fat -protein -water -vitamins
Energy-yielding nutrient: -protein -carbohydrate -fat Non-energy-yielding nutrient: -vitamins -minerals -water
What does fat add directly to a meal? Enticing flavor and aroma Correct Calcium for stronger bones Fewer calories than carbohydrates The same number of calories as protein
Enticing flavor and aroma
Dietary supplements such as vitamin D and calcium can replace a healthy diet if someone finds it difficult to follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. True or False
False
Glucose, protein, glycerol, and long-chain fatty acids are absorbed from the small intestine directly into the bloodstream. True or false
False
Click and drag to indicate the average protein content per serving (cup or ounce-equivalent) of each MyPlate food group. Fruits Grains Vegetables Protein Dairy <1 g/cup 2-3 g/cup 8-10 g/cup 7g/oz 2-3 g/oz
Fruits <1 g/cup Grains 2-3 g/oz Vegetables 2-3 g/cup Protein 7 g/oz Dairy 8-10 g/cup
Three disaccharides are important in the human diet: sucrose, lactose, and maltose. Click and drag the monosaccharides to build each of the disaccharides below. Glucose+________=sucrose Glucose+_______=lactose Glucose+________=maltose
Glucose+ fructose =sucrose Glucose+ galactose=lactose Glucose+ glucose =maltose
Which of the following is an essential fatty acid? Oleic acid Linoleic acid Palmitic acid Stearic acid
Linoleic acid
What organ produces bile? Liver Correct Small intestine Pancreas Stomach
Liver
What happens to protein synthesis when an essential amino acid is in short supply? Protein synthesis increases. Protein synthesis is limited. Protein synthesis continues unaffected. Protein synthesis will only occur in the kidneys.
Protein synthesis is limited
Complete the sentences to describe the steps of fat digestion and absorption word bank: small intestine lipase amylase cardiovascular lymphatic stomach VLDLs chylomicrons The salivary glands, stomach, and pancreas secrete ___________enzymes to break down triglycerides into monoglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerol. The products of fat digestion (monoglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerol) are absorbed into the cells of the _______________. Immediately after absorption, the products of fat digestion are resynthesized into triglycerides within the cells of the _____________ Before they can be transported through body fluids, dietary lipids must be packaged as lipoproteins called ______________. These lipoproteins are transported from the gastrointestinal tract to the rest of the body via the _________________system.
The salivary glands, stomach, and pancreas secrete lipase enzymes to break down triglycerides into monoglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerol. The products of fat digestion (monoglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerol) are absorbed into the cells of the small intestine. Immediately after absorption, the products of fat digestion are resynthesized into triglycerides within the cells of the small intestine. Before they can be transported through body fluids, dietary lipids must be packaged as lipoproteins called chylomicrons. These lipoproteins are transported from the gastrointestinal tract to the rest of the body via the lymphatic system.
Why do food manufacturers use trans fatty acids like partially hydrogenated vegetable oils in packaged and processed foods? Trans fatty acids increase a food's shelf life. Trans fatty acids increase a food's selling price. Trans fatty acids decrease the likelihood of foodborne illness. Trans fatty acids contain added vitamins and minerals that promote health.
Trans fatty acids increase a food's shelf life.
An omnivorous (includes animal and plant foods) diet that follows the Dietary Guidelines (MyPlate recommendations) can provide the same health benefits as a well-balanced vegetarian diet. true or false
True
Vegan diets are often low in _______, on account of animal foods being excluded from the diet. Vitamin C Folate Vitamin B12 Fiber
Vitamin B12
Match the words with their description. Each description may be used once or not at all. 1. a disaccharide 2. a monosaccharide 3. not a carbohydrate 4. a polysaccharide glucose maltose glycogen
glucose= 2. a monosaccharide maltose= 1. a disaccharide glycogen= 4. a polysaccharide
Lisa is trying to choose more low-fat foods in order to reduce her risk for cardiovascular disease. One low-fat cookie that she sees advertised in the grocery store has 22 grams of carbohydrate, 2 grams of protein, and 1 gram of fat per cookie. How many kilocalories are in one of these low-fat cookies? A. 105 kcal per cookie B. 100 kcal per cookie C. 225 kcal per cookie D. 25 kcal per cookie
A. 105 kcal per cookie
A food item is considered high in a nutrient if it provides at least ______ % of the Daily Value for that nutrient. A. 20 B. 10 C. 5 D. 15
A. 20
Which statement is NOT true regarding absorption and transport of nutrients? A. Fiber is absorbed into the blood stream and transported to the liver before being delivered throughout the body. B. Lymphatic vessels initially transport most of the products of fat digestion, delivering these nutrients later to the blood stream. C. Microvilli greatly enlarge the surface area of the small intestine to facilitate efficient nutrient absorption.
A. Fiber is absorbed into the blood stream and transported to the liver before being delivered throughout the body.
William is trying to meet the Dietary Guidelines recommendation to "make half your grains whole grains." From these four options, click to select three simple shifts that would increase William's intake of whole grains A. Switch from plain spaghetti to a 50/50 wheat blend pasta B. Choose a spinach bagel instead of a 100% whole wheat bagel C. Choose brown rice instead of white rice D. Choose 100% whole wheat bread instead of white bread for making sandwiches
A. Switch from plain spaghetti to a 50/50 wheat blend pasta C. Choose brown rice instead of white rice D. Choose 100% whole wheat bread instead of white bread for making sandwiches
Excessive sugar intake is related to development of dental caries because A. oral bacteria produce acids that dissolve tooth enamel when they metabolize sugars. B. sugar leaches calcium and phosphorus out of teeth. C. salivary amylase dissolves tooth enamel during carbohydrate digestion. D. sugars make the saliva more alkaline, causing damage to tooth enamel.
A. oral bacteria produce acids that dissolve tooth enamel when they metabolize sugars.
Half of the subjects in a study are given a drink with extra whey protein and the other half are given a drink without whey protein and both groups' muscle strength is monitored. The drink without the whey protein is called a(n) A. placebo B. experimental group C. double-blind study D. case-control study
A. placebo
Use the terms on the left to complete the following sentences about hormonal regulation of blood glucose. Word bank: glucagon estrogen epinephrine insulin After a late night, you overslept this morning and woke up late for class. In a rush to leave the house, you failed to eat breakfast. A few hours later, with an empty stomach, your blood glucose drops. This prompts your pancreas to release __________to stimulate breakdown of glycogen in the liver into glucose After morning class, with your stomach growling, you stagger to the cafeteria and devour a large pasta entree for lunch. Following this meal, your blood sugar rises and the pancreas releases ______________in an attempt to shuttle blood sugar into your cells You go to your next class, but because you're so full from lunch, you doze off. You awake to your classmate poking you in the arm as you realize the teacher is calling your name to answer a question. With your heart racing, your body now releases ___________, which increases glycogen breakdown in the liver and raises your blood sugar.
After a late night, you overslept this morning and woke up late for class. In a rush to leave the house, you failed to eat breakfast. A few hours later, with an empty stomach, your blood glucose drops. This prompts your pancreas to release glucagon to stimulate breakdown of glycogen in the liver into glucose. After morning class, with your stomach growling, you stagger to the cafeteria and devour a large pasta entree for lunch. Following this meal, your blood sugar rises and the pancreas releases insulin in an attempt to shuttle blood sugar into your cells. You go to your next class, but because you're so full from lunch, you doze off. You awake to your classmate poking you in the arm as you realize the teacher is calling your name to answer a question. With your heart racing, your body now releases epinephrine, which increases glycogen breakdown in the liver and raises your blood sugar.
When too little carbohydrate is consumed in a person's diet, ______ are used to make glucose. Amino acids Fatty acids Ketone bodies Vitamins
Amino Acids
How can amino acids be used in cells? Amino acids can be converted to nonessential amino acids. Amino acids can be used to create phospholipids for cell membranes. Amino acids are stored long-term, to be used as needed for building new proteins. Incorrect Amino acids can be made into cholesterol through mRNA translation processes.
Amino acids can be converted to nonessential amino acids
Drag each term to complete the sentences about Dietary Reference Intakes. Wordbank: Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) Reccomended Daily Allowance (RDA) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) Adequate Intake (AI) An estimate of daily calorie needs based on a person's height, weight, sex, and life-stage is called a(n) _________________. The recommended amount of nutrient intake that is sufficient to meet the needs of 97% to 98% of the individuals in a specific sex and life-stage group is called a(n) _________________. The recommended intake of a nutrient that is based on estimates of intakes that appear to maintain health for individuals in a specific sex and life-stage group is called a(n)________________. The maximum chronic daily intake level of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects for individuals in a specific sex and life-stage group is called a(n) _____________.
An estimate of daily calorie needs based on a person's height, weight, sex, and life-stage is called a(n) Estimated Energy Requirement (EER). The recommended amount of nutrient intake that is sufficient to meet the needs of 97% to 98% of the individuals in a specific sex and life-stage group is called a(n) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). The recommended intake of a nutrient that is based on estimates of intakes that appear to maintain health for individuals in a specific sex and life-stage group is called a(n) Adequate Intake (AI). The maximum chronic daily intake level of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects for individuals in a specific sex and life-stage group is called a(n) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).
Since beginning college, Lisa has put on about thirteen pounds. She is learning in her health science class that excess calories contribute to weight gain. One recommendation her instructor made for weight loss is to choose foods that have a low percentage of total calories coming from fat. If a 1/2-cup serving of her favorite ice cream has 310 kcal and 20 grams of fat, what percentage of total calories in the ice cream come from fat? A. 6.5% of calories in this food are from fat. B. 58% of calories in this food are from fat. C. 65% of calories in this food are from fat. D. 5.8% of calories in this food are from fat.
B. 58% of calories in this fod are from fat
In nutrition, the word essential means: A. A nutrient found only in raw foods. B. A necessary nutrient that can only be obtained from the diet. Correct C. The body can manufacture the nutrient from raw materials in a timely manner. D. Compounds the body can make for itself.
B. A necessary nutrient that can only be obtained from the diet. Correct
Eating more nutrient-dense foods and fewer foods high in certain types of fat and sugars is defined as _______. A. Variety B. Balance C. Energy density D. Moderation
B. Balacne
Sheila has celiac disease. She heard that the NDFS Cafe has some gluten-free options. Which of hte following menu items can Sheila eat? (Note: Assume that all ingredients were stored/prepared cleanly and not mixed.) A. Chicken Pot Pie B. Roasted Chicken and Vegetable Kabob on Steamed Brown Rice C. Fried Chicken with Garlic Mashed Potatoes and Steamed Broccoli D. Creamy Fettucinni Alfredo with Roasted Mushrooms and Steak
B. Roasted Chicken and Vegetable Kabob on Steamed Brown Rice
Which statement is accurate about chemical digestion? A. Salivary enzymes, bile, and enzymes from the liver are used to digest carbohydrates. B. Stomach acid and enzymes from the small intestine are used to digest protein. C. Bicarbonate from the gallbladder and enzymes from the liver are used to digest vitamins. D. Stomach acid and bacteria in the large intestine are used to digest fat.
B. Stomach acid and enzymes from the small intestine are used to digest protein.
Which is recommended about carbohydrate intake? A. Eat no more than one third of your grains as whole grains. B. Consume 45-65% of your total calories from carbohydrate. C. Limit intake of refined carbohydrates to avoid hyperactivity in children. D. Consume grains with low amounts of fiber to decrease risk of obesity.
B. consume 45-65% of your total calories from carbohydrate
Click and drag the labels to show which component of energy expenditure is being described. Basal metabolism Physical activity Thermic effect Adaptive thermogenesis Linda's constant fidgeting burns 200 kilocalories throughout the day Sherry's body uses 100 kilocalories to digest, absorb, and process the calories form her day's food intake Jillian needs a minimum of 1,400 kilocalories to support body functions, such as teh work of her heart, lungs, and brain David burns 250 kilocalories raking the leaves in his yard
Basal metabolism: Jillian needs a minimum of 1,400 kilocalories to support body functions, such as teh work of her heart, lungs, and brain Physical activity: David burns 250 kilocalories raking the leaves in his yard Thermic effect: Sherry's body uses 100 kilocalories to digest, absorb, and process the calories form her day's food intake Adaptive thermogenesis: Linda's constant fidgeting burns 200 kilocalories throughout the day
Complete each statement about the accessory organs with the appropriate term. Word bank: gallbladder small intestine carbohydrate liver appendix fat pancreas large intestine stomach Bile is necessary for some nutrient digestion and absorption; bile is produced in the _________. Bile is stored and concentrated in the ____________. The primary nutrient that bile is responsible for digesting and absorbing is _______. Glucagon and insulin are two hormones that regulate glucose levels and both are produced in the _____________ Bicarbonate is a base that neutralizes the acidity of chyme as it moves from the __________to the ___________
Bile is necessary for some nutrient digestion and absorption; bile is produced in the liver. Bile is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder. The primary nutrient that bile is responsible for digesting and absorbing is fat. Glucagon and insulin are two hormones that regulate glucose levels and both are produced in the pancreas Bicarbonate is a base that neutralizes the acidity of chyme as it moves from the stomach to the small intestine
Bob was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. His dietitian recommended that Bob follow an 1,800-kcal meal plan for weight loss. She went on to say that he should also follow the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) recommendation of getting 45% to 65% of these calories from carbohydrate. This is equivalent to ______ grams of carbohydrate per day. A. 810 to 1170 B. 28 to 40 C. 203 to 293 D. 90 to 130
C. 203-293
Dietary fiber is A. Absorbed in the small intestine. B. Composed of two glucose molecules, forming a disaccharide. C. Fermented by bacteria in the colon to form gas and fatty acids. D. Found predominantly in dairy foods like yogurt and cheese.
C. Fermented by bacteria in the colon to form gas and fatty acids.
The prevalence of obesity in the United States is high, with 36% of adults estimated to be obese. Despite its high occurrence, an earlier study found that the prevalence of obesity remained stable between 2003 and 2012. Because of this leveling off rate, scientists at the National Center for Health Statistics developed a hypothesis that the prevalence of obesity in adults would also have remained stable between 2005 and 2014. SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to analyze trends in adult obesity between 2005 and 2014. The analyses were based on measurements of weight and height in 5455 adults from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and from 21,013 participants in previous NHANES surveys from 2005 through 2012. For the years 2013-2014, the overall prevalence of obesity was 37.7%; 35.0% of men were obese (BMI ≥ 30) and 5.5% were morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40); among adult women, 40.4% were obese and 9.9% were morbidly obese. These obesity rates were unchanged over the decade from 2005 through 2014 among men but there were significant increases among women for overall obesity and for morbid obesity. Based on these results, the authors of this study conclude that other studies are needed to determine the causes of the increases in obesity prevalence. According to NHANES data from 2005 through 2014, how has the overall prevalence of obesity changed over time? A. The overall prevalence of obesity for both men and women has increased. B. The overall prevalence of male obesity has decreased. C. The overall prevalence of female obesity has increased. D. The overall prevalence of both male and female obesity has remained stable.
C. The overall prevalence of female obesity has increased
How do manufacturers determine how ingredients are listed on products? A. alphabetical order B. ascending order by volume C. descending order by weight D. order of nutrient importance
C. descending order by weight
Which combination of foods provide the best source of omega-3 fatty acids? Carrots and snow peas stir-fried in canola oil. Asparagus roasted with olive oil. Baked potato with butter and sour cream. Chocolate cake made with coconut oil.
Carrots and snow peas stir-fried in canola oil.
Besides her fat intake, what other dietary modifications could improve Jackie's heart health? Choose whole grains instead of refined grain products. Take vitamin E supplements. Use more salt to compensate for the loss in flavor. Add one serving of fruit juice per day.
Choose whole grains instead of refined grain products
Match each description to the appropriate lipoprotein. Chylomicron LDL VLDL HDL carries absrobed lipids from the small intestine to body cells Arises from VLDL and carries mostly cholesterol to cells carries to body cells mostly triglycerides take up form the bloodstream by the liver as well as any fat made by the liver arises mostly from the liver and intestine and carries cholesterol from cell sto other lipoproteins and to the liver for excretion
Chylomicron: carries absrobed lipids from the small intestine to body cells LDL: Arises from VLDL and carries mostly cholesterol to cells LDL: carries to body cells mostly triglycerides take up form the bloodstream by the liver as well as any fat made by the liver HDL: arises mostly from the liver and intestine and carries cholesterol from cells to other lipoproteins and to the liver for excretion
What would you choose as the optimal nutrition to support your weight-training regimen? Consume a diet that provides 10% to 35% of calories from a variety of sources of protein. Take individual amino acid supplements. Take whey protein supplements.
Consume a diet that provides 10% to 35% of calories from a variety of sources of protein.
In the later part of her first year of college, Lisa is doing well losing some of the weight she put on at the beginning of the school year. Her highest weight was 160 pounds and she now weighs 152 pounds. How many kilograms does Lisa now weigh? A. 334 kilograms B. 15.2 kilograms C. 59.8 kilograms D. 69 kilograms
D. 69 kilograms
The liver is important in carbohydrate metabolism as it processes the monosaccharides galactose and fructose into glucose. What happens to this glucose once it is done being processed in the liver? A. If glucose is present in excess, some can be turned into fat. B. If glucose is present in excess, some can be stored as glycogen. C. The liver can release the glucose directly into the bloodstream for transport to organs. D. All of the choices are correct.
D. All of the choices are correct.
Sophia's parents are obese and have type 2 diabetes. What should they do, to improve blood sugar control? A. Limit physical activity to avoid foot injuries and later amputation. B. Eliminate sweets and desserts from their diet. C. Substitute honey for white sugar. D. Balance carbohydrate intake with medications and exercise.
D. Balance carbohydrate intake with medications and exercise.
Which of the following is a purpose or possible benefit of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? A. To improve athletic performance. B. People will not get infections. C. People will have improved cognitive function. D. To decrease the incidence of chronic diseases.
D. To decrease the incidence of chronic diseases
Which of the following would be the best way for a college student to increase his or her intake of dietary fiber? A. Switch from whole milk to skim milk. B. Choose apple juice instead of orange juice. C. Choose steak instead of chicken as the protein portion of your meal. D. When preparing a recipe for tacos, replace some of the beef with black beans.
D. when preparing a recipe for tacos, replace some of the beef with black beans
Which of the following groups in the USDA Eating Pattern (MyPlate) is a rich source of protein? Fruit Grains Dairy Correct Vegetables
Dairy
Click and drag to classify each of the following foods as having high or low nutrient density. -Cola -Maple syrup -Black beans -Orange -Cookies -Fat-free milk
High nutrient density: -Fat-free milk -orange -black beans Low nutrient density: -cola -cookies -maple syrup
Click to select the parts of the digestive system that produce enzymes to digest carbohydrates. esophagus large intestine stomach mouth pancreas liver gallbladder small intestine
mouth pancreas small intestine
The prevalence of obesity in the United States is high, with 36% of adults estimated to be obese. Despite its high occurrence, an earlier study found that the prevalence of obesity remained stable between 2003 and 2012. Because of this leveling off rate, scientists at the National Center for Health Statistics developed a hypothesis that the prevalence of obesity in adults would also have remained stable between 2005 and 2014. SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to analyze trends in adult obesity between 2005 and 2014. The analyses were based on measurements of weight and height in 5455 adults from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and from 21,013 participants in previous NHANES surveys from 2005 through 2012. For the years 2013-2014, the overall prevalence of obesity was 37.7%; 35.0% of men were obese (BMI ≥ 30) and 5.5% were morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40); among adult women, 40.4% were obese and 9.9% were morbidly obese. These obesity rates were unchanged over the decade from 2005 through 2014 among men but there were significant increases among women for overall obesity and for morbid obesity. Based on these results, the authors of this study conclude that other studies are needed to determine the causes of the increases in obesity prevalence. True or false: The article presents the results of an experiment.
False: The research described in this article is observational in nature
Regina's pregnant sister is interested in boosting her intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two fatty acids that can be made from alpha-linolenic (omega-3) acid. She has heard that EPA and DHA are important for cancer prevention, brain health, cardiovascular disease prevention, and immune function. Which food is the best source of EPA and DHA? Walnuts Flaxseed Fatty fish Mussels
Fatty fish
Which MyPlate food groups are most likely to provide fiber and potassium? Fruits and vegetables Grains and dairy Dairy and protein foods Vegetables and protein foods
Fruits and veg
Complete the following paragraph with the appropriate terms to describe the nutrition messages of MyPlate. Word bank: low-fat or fat-free beans whole phytochemicals zoochemicals fortified one-quarter one-half fish Fruits and vegetables cover ________of the plate. These foods are dense sources of nutrients and health-promoting __________, despite their low calorie contents. Grains occupy slightly more than ________ of the plate. The message to make half your grains _______is stressed throughout accompanying consumer education materials. Protein foods occupy slightly less than ________ of the plate. Specifically, the Dietary Guidelines recommend leaner sources of protein and including plant proteins more often. To obtain healthy fats, the Dietary Guidelines recommend inclusion of _______twice a week. A cup of dairy appears next to the plate. Depending on personalized calorie recommendations, consumers should have 2 to 3 cups per day of ________ dairy products or other rich sources of calcium.
Fruits and vegetables cover one-half of the plate. These foods are dense sources of nutrients and health-promoting phytochemicals, despite their low calorie contents. Grains occupy slightly more than one-quarter of the plate. The message to make half your grains whole is stressed throughout accompanying consumer education materials. Protein foods occupy slightly less than one-quarter of the plate. Specifically, the Dietary Guidelines recommend leaner sources of protein and including plant proteins more often. To obtain healthy fats, the Dietary Guidelines recommend inclusion of fish twice a week. A cup of dairy appears next to the plate. Depending on personalized calorie recommendations, consumers should have 2 to 3 cups per day of low-fat or fat-free dairy products or other rich sources of calcium.
The chemical element found in all amino acids but not found in either carbohydrates or fats is carbon. nitrogen. oxygen. hydrogen.
nitrogen
When too little dietary carbohydrate is available to meet energy needs, ______ arise as byproducts of partial fat metabolism. polysaccharides fatty acids monosaccharides ketones
Ketones
Protein-calorie malnutrition may occur in young children as either kwashiorkor or marasmus. Classify each of the following descriptions as characteristics of kwashiorkor or marasmus. common in infants who receive inadequate calories and protein from the beginning of life form of protein-calorie malnutrition that develops gradually form of protein-calorie malnutrition that develops acutely (rapidly) common in young children who are weaned from breat milk to high-starch, low-protein diet appearance is one with swollen belly from either fatty liver or edema appearance is one with "matchstick" arms and no subcutaneous fat
Kwashiorkor: appearance is one with swollen belly from either fatty liver or edema common in young children who are weaned from breat milk to high-starch, low-protein diet form of protein-calorie malnutrition that develops acutely (rapidly) Marasmus: appearance is one with "matchstick" arms and no subcutaneous fat common in infants who receive inadequate calories and protein from the beginning of life form of protein-calorie malnutrition that develops gradually
The scientific method is important for determining relationships between diet and health. Classify each of the following studies according to its study design. Studies: -Laboratory animal experiment -Randomized, placebo-controlled human study -Case-control study -Observation study Men with high blood pressure are randomized to recieve on of two dietary supplements: group A recieves 2 grams of supplemental potassium per day and group B recieves 0 grams of supplemental postassium. The researchers measure the blood pressure of each subject throughout the study. Nurses report that patient who are well-nourished before surgery fare better after surgery than patients with signs of malnutrition before surgery. Rats receive a high-fat diet with or without resveratrol (a compound found in red wine). The rats that are fed resveratrol do not gain weight as quickly as the rats that are the high-fat diet without resveratrol. Scientists studying middle-aged women with breast cancer note that vegetable consumption is lower and meat intake is higher among women with breast cancer than a similar population of women who do not have breast cancer.
Laboratory animal experiment: Rats receive a high-fat diet with or without resveratrol (a compound found in red wine). The rats that are fed resveratrol do not gain weight as quickly as the rats that are the high-fat diet without resveratrol. Randomized, placebo-controlled human study: Men with high blood pressure are randomized to recieve on of two dietary supplements: group A recieves 2 grams of supplemental potassium per day and group B recieves 0 grams of supplemental postassium. The researchers measure the blood pressure of each subject throughout the study. Case-control study: Scientists studying middle-aged women with breast cancer note that vegetable consumption is lower and meat intake is higher among women with breast cancer than a similar population of women who do not have breast cancer. Observation study: Nurses report that patient who are well-nourished before surgery fare better after surgery than patients with signs of malnutrition before surgery.
Which of the following is NOT true of lipids in the body? Lipids store energy. Lipids are part of enzymes. Correct Lipids insulate the body. Lipids are part of cell membranes.
Lipidsare part of enzymes
Edema appears when there is a severe lack of dietary protein because sodium is retained in the body. blood protein levels fall and fluid shifts into extracellular spaces. the blood vessels become more permeable to ions. the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine.
blood protein levels fall and fluid shifts into extracellular spaces.
A number of organs are involved in protein digestion and absorption. liver pancreas stomach small intestine anus where pepsin and acid work to digest protein final digestion of amino acid chains to single amino acids occurs in the walls of this organ very little protein is present in the feces by the time it reaches this part of the large intestine triggered by CCK, this organ releases trypsin for the digestion of proteins the portal vein delivers absorbed amino acids to theis organ, where they then go on to enter the bloodstream.
Liver: the portal vein delivers absorbed amino acids to theis organ, where they then go on to enter the bloodstream. Pancreas: triggered by CCK, this organ releases trypsin for the digestion of proteins Stomach: where pepsin and acid work to digest protein Small intestine: final digestion of amino acid chains to single amino acids occurs in the walls of this organ Anus: very little protein is present in the feces by the time it reaches this part of the large intestine
Classify each of the following simple carbohydrates as monosaccharides or disaccharides. maltose lactose fructose sucrose glucose
Monosaccharide: fructose glucose disaccharides: lactose maltose sucrose
Drag the statement about fat digestion anatomy to its appropriate place on the body Mouth Liver Pancreas Stomach Small intestine secretes bile to emulsify fats secretes pncreatic lipase and other enzymes for fat digestion small amount of fat digestion by salivary lipase small amount of fat digestion by gastric lipase site of most fat digestion and absorption
Mouth: small amount of fat digestion by salivary lipase Stomach: small amount of fat digestion by gastric lipase Liver: secretes bile to emulsify fats Pancreas: secretes pncreatic lipase and other enzymes for fat digestion Small intestine: site of most fat digestion and absorption
Indicate how omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids affect the body by selecting "increase" or "decrease" for each of the sentences below. Omega-3 fatty acids tend to ________blood clotting. Omega-3 fatty acids also ________inflammation in the body. Omega-6 fatty acids ________clotting and __________inflammation in the body. Use of omega-3 fatty acids as a dietary supplement may ________circulating triglyceride levels in the blood. Fish oil capsules are associated with a(n) ________in rheumatoid arthritis symptoms and some behavioral disorders and cases of mild depression
Omega-3 fatty acids tend to decrease blood clotting. Omega-3 fatty acids also decrease inflammation in the body. Omega-6 fatty acids increase clotting and increase inflammation in the body. Use of omega-3 fatty acids as a dietary supplement may decrease circulating triglyceride levels in the blood. Fish oil capsules are associated with a(n) decrease in rheumatoid arthritis symptoms and some behavioral disorders and cases of mild depression
Which organ secretes enzymes that break down all three energy-yielding nutrients? Gallbladder Large intestine Liver Pancreas
Pancreas
Which of the following foods is cholesterol free? Butter Whole milk Turkey (light meat) Peanut butter
Peanutbutter (cholesterol only comes from animal products)
Classify each of the following scenarios as examples of positive protein balance, negative protein balance, or protein equilibrium. Rachel recently sustained burns over 15% of her body. She is in an outpatient burn center and is receiving food by mouth, dietary supplements, and tube feedings in order ot achieve her nutriton needs to promote healing. Quinn is a three-month-old baby who is breastfeeding and whose weight has doubled since she was born. Wendy recently participated in a nutriton research study in which the dietitian determined that her protein intake equals protein losses each day. Stella is an elderly woman with an aggressive form of cancer who resides in a nursing home. She has lost her desire to eat, and hse has lost 12% of her body weight in the past six months. Barney has a rare intestinal disease that causes him to leach protein out of his intestinal tract; the gastroenterologist explains to him tha the is losing more protein than he is getting in his diet each day. Travis is a relatively healthy male adult who weighs 185 pounds and eats about 67 grams of dietary protein per day.
Postive protein balance: Rachel recently sustained burns over 15% of her body. She is in an outpatient burn center and is receiving food by mouth, dietary supplements, and tube feedings in order ot achieve her nutriton needs to promote healing. Quinn is a three-month-old baby who is breastfeeding and whose weight has doubled since she was born. Negative protein balance: Stella is an elderly woman with an aggressive form of cancer who resides in a nursing home. She has lost her desire to eat, and hse has lost 12% of her body weight in the past six months. Barney has a rare intestinal disease that causes him to leach protein out of his intestinal tract; the gastroenterologist explains to him tha the is losing more protein than he is getting in his diet each day. Equilibrium: Travis is a relatively healthy male adult who weighs 185 pounds and eats about 67 grams of dietary protein per day. Wendy recently participated in a nutriton research study in which the dietitian determined that her protein intake equals protein losses each day.
Of the ten leading causes of death in the United States, diet plays a role in six of them. Drag the six leading causes of death in which diet plays a part to the box on the left. Drag the remaining causes of death (not related to food intake) to the box on the right. -heart disease -chronic lower respiratory diseases -cancer -stroke -accidents -diabetes -pneumonia/influenza -alzheimer's disease -kidney disease -suicide
RELATED to food intake: -heart disease -cancer -stroke -diabetes -Alzheimer's disease -kidney disease NOT RELATED to food intake: -chronic lower respiratory diseases -accidents -pneumonia/influenza -suicide
It is apparent that Jordan has not yet learned to implement the concept of complementary proteins, so the quality of protein in his diet is low. Which of the following meals contains complementary proteins? Rice with black beans and tomatoes Cream cheese and jam on whole grain toast Peas and carrots Fruit salad with blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, and honeydew melon
Rice with black beans and tomatoes
Excess body fat increases chronic disease and health risks. Click and drag the labels to indicate how each disease is affected by excess body weight. High-fat diet and weight gain lead to excessive fat accumulation in the liver. Exess weight causes inflammation and reduced funciton of blood vessels High-fat and high-cholesterol diet increases the cholesterol content of bile Excess weight and enlarged adipose cells cause increases in LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, blood clotting, and inflammatory factors. Excess weight in the upper body places pressure on the lungs and pharynx.
Sleep ap
Most nutrient absorption occurs in the esophagus. stomach. small intestine. Correct large intestine.
Small intestine
Cardiologists and other healthcare professionals recommend that people who are at elevated risk for developing cardiovascular disease adopt an "anti-atherosclerotic" lifestyle to help prevent atherosclerosis. Click to select the components of an anti-atherosclerotic lifestyle. Smoking cessation dietary pattern high in foods of animal orgin dietary pattern low in saturated and trans fat including 30 min/day of physical activity limiting total fat intake to 10% of total calories dietary pattern high in fruits and vegetables
Smoking cessation dietary pattern low in saturated and trans fat including 30 min/day of physical activity dietary pattern high in fruits and vegetables
Which of the following food lists would be recommended by the USDA Eating Pattern (MyPlate)? A.Soybean oil, mayonnaise, olives, avocado B. Shortening, nuts, canola oil, butter C. Nuts, fatty fish, corn oil, cream cheese D.Corn oil, olive oil, shellfish, sour cream
Soybean oil, mayonnaise, olives, avocado
Hydrochloric acid is secreted in the esophagus. stomach. Correct small intestine. large intestine.
Stomach
Protein synthesis is a multistep process. Put the steps of protein synthesis in sequential order. The DNA code is transferred by mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the DNA code to the ribosomes, where protein translation occurs polypeptide chain twists and folds into three-dimensional structure of the intended protein Transfer RNA (tRNA) adds amino acids one at a time according to the mRNA instructions to form a polypeptide chain
The DNA code is transferred by mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the DNA code to the ribosomes, where protein translation occurs Transfer RNA (tRNA) adds amino acids one at a time according to the mRNA instructions to form a polypeptide chain polypeptide chain twists and folds into three-dimensional structure of the intended protein
Complete each of the sentences about lipids with the appropriate term. word bank: cis saturated sterol polyunsaturated glycerol hydrogen phospholipid monounsaturated trans Triglycerides are the most common lipid found in food and in the body; they consist of a _________backbone attached to three fatty acids. Fatty acids are classified based on the degree to which the carbon chain is saturated with ___________. A fatty acid is ___________if it contains no carbon-carbon double bonds, _________________if it has only one carbon-carbon double bond, and _________________if it contains two or more carbon-carbon double bonds. The unsaturated fatty acids can exist in one of two structural forms. When hydrogens on an unsaturated fatty acid lie on the same side of the carbon-carbon double bond, a __________formation exists. The ____________form occurs when hydrogens on both carbons forming the double bond lie on opposite sides of the bond.
Triglycerides are the most common lipid found in food and in the body; they consist of a glycerol backbone attached to three fatty acids. Fatty acids are classified based on the degree to which the carbon chain is saturated with hydrogen. A fatty acid is saturated if it contains no carbon-carbon double bonds, monounsaturated if it has only one carbon-carbon double bond, and polyunsaturated if it contains two or more carbon-carbon double bonds. The unsaturated fatty acids can exist in one of two structural forms. When hydrogens on an unsaturated fatty acid lie on the same side of the carbon-carbon double bond, a cis formation exists. The trans form occurs when hydrogens on both carbons forming the double bond lie on opposite sides of the bond.
Waist circumference is a measure of Central obesity Gynoid obesity Subcutaneous fat Total body fatness
central obesity
What is NOT a component of plaque? Oxidized LDL Platelets Calcium Chylomicron
chylomicron
When a person eats more protein than his body needs, the extra protein is stored in the liver for later use. passed out of the body in feces. converted to glucose or fat. stored in the muscle tissue.
converted to glucose or fat
Many North Americans have misconceptions about their own protein needs and the roles of protein in the body. Click to select each true statement. different plant sources of protein can be combined within the same meat to provide all of the essential amino acids North Americans would benefit from eating more plant sources of protein body builders need amion acid supplements to build muscle tissue quickly and effectively different plant sources of protein can be combined within the same day to provide all of the essential amino acids public health campaigns must encourage Americans to get more protein in their diets only animal sources of protein can provide all nine of the essential amino acids that are needed to make a complete protein
different plant sources of protein can be combined within the same meat to provide all of the essential amino acids North Americans would benefit from eating more plant sources of protein different plant sources of protein can be combined within the same day to provide all of the essential amino acids
Equations that calculate your Estimated Energy Requirement (EER; the amount of kcal you need to consume each day to maintain your current body weight) include several factors. From the following options, click to select five factors that are used in the EER equation. Wordbank: genetics weight gender %body fat age activity level height waist circumference
gender weight age activity level height
Coconut oil is ________ in saturated fatty acids than butter and beef fat. equal lower higher
higher
Which part of the chemical structure differentiates one amino acid from another? Its side chain Its amino group Incorrect Its acid group Its double bonds
its side chain
What type of carbohydrate is likely causing the problems that Myeshia experiences after drinking milk? lactose glucose galactose fructose
lactose
All absorbed nutrients eventually travel to the pancreas liver large intestine gallbladder
liver
Olive oil contains mostly ______ fatty acids. saturated monounsaturated polyunsaturated trans
monounsaturated
Match each term with its definition. Word bank: nutrigentics epigentics nutrigenomics Study of the effect of genes on nutritional health Study of how food impacts health through its interactions with genes Heritable changes in gene function that are independent of DNA sequence
nutrigentics: Study of the effect of genes on nutritional health nutrigenomics: Study of how food impacts health through its interactions with genes epigenetics: Heritable changes in gene function that are independent of DNA sequence
Click to select the food choices Jackie could use to incorporate fat into her heart-healthy diet. pack a snack of walnuts and dried fruit to carry in her backpack start the day with a sausage and cheese biscuit after classes, make a snack of sliced apples with almond butter make a sanwich with turkey, tomato, and sliced avocado for lunch use canola oil or olive oil to make salad dressing pour whole milk over her breakfast of fruity pebbles cereal
pack a snack of walnuts and dried fruit to carry in her backpack after classes, make a snack of sliced apples with almond butter make a sanwich with turkey, tomato, and sliced avocado for lunch use canola oil or olive oil to make salad dressing
Click to select the functions of protein in the body. Metabolized to yield 7 kcal/g sythesis of hormones reduces cholesterol absorption for the small intestine forms structure of bones synthesis of enzymes supports the immune response
synthesis of hormones synthesis of enzymes supports the immune response
Using the given height and weight measurements, determine each person's BMI. Then classify each person's weight status according to BMI Brittany is 5'8" tall and 120lbs Kathy is 5'8" tall and 140lbs Darlene is 5'2" tall and 140lbs Janice is 5'8" tall and 200 pounds
underweight: Brittany is 5'8" tall and 120lbs healthy weight: Kathy is 5'8" tall and 140lbs overweight: Darlene is 5'2" tall and 140lbs obese: Janice is 5'8" tall and 200 pounds