Nutrition Study.com/Elsevier

Lakukan tugas rumah & ujian kamu dengan baik sekarang menggunakan Quizwiz!

Fat intake is recommended at which percentage of total adult energy intake?

20% to 35%

The maximum Body Mass Index (BMI), considered a healthy weight is:

24

One pound of fat equals:

3500 calories

Which percentage of fluid is absorbed through the small intestine by osmosis?

80% to 90%

Dietary fats furnish the body with _____ of energy:

9 cal/g

If I have a carbon chain with the functional groups to create a monosaccharide monomer, what polymer can this eventually form?

A carbohydrate

Which of the following would NOT be considered a possible health effect associated with a high-protein diet?

A decreased risk of cancer.

If we are looking at a chain of carbon atoms and see a cluster of additional atoms attached to it which we know behave in a specific way, what is that cluster?

A functional group

Nutrients may not be absorbed if the alimentary tract is not functioning properly. This can result in what outcomes for patients? A. Nutritional deficiencies B. Poor healing C. Fecal impaction D. All of the above

ALL OF THE ABOVE

Roles of dietary fiber include the following: A. Laxation effect B. Normalization of blood lipid concentrations C. Attenuation of blood glucose response D. All of the above

ALL OF THE ABOVE

Glucose is used by the body for which processes? A. Provides energy to cells B. Principal breakdown product of disaccharides and polysaccharides C. Transported through the body via the bloodstream to nourish all cells D. All of the above

ALL OF THE ABOVE.

When does maximum secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen in the stomach occur?

After food has entered the stomach.

Which best conveys the main message(s) of the MyPlate graphic? A. Balance in food choices B. Consuming a variety of foods C. Certain foods should be consumed in moderation D. Adequate nutrient consumption E. All of the above

All of the above

Which is/are required for successful weight management? A. Behavior modifications B. Regular exercise C. Wise food choices D. All of the above

All of the above

Biochemically, which is the distinguishing feature of amino acids?

Amine group

Why is a peanut butter sandwich a decent food choice from a nutritional standpoint?

Because it combines incomplete proteins.

Why are children, especially in under-developed countries, susceptible to protein-energy malnutrition?

Because they require higher amounts of protein than other age groups to support their growing bodies.

Which is the preferred method of defining healthy weight in the United States?

Body Mass Index (BMI)

How is digesting food moved along the small intestine?

By peristalsis, which is the contraction of the smooth muscle to push food forward

Which are the biggest food contributors of saturated fats consumed by Americans? Butter, coconut, and palm oils

Cheese, pizza, desserts, and chicken

Which of the following structures create a turbulent flow through the small intestine?

Circular Folds

Which of these is not composed of organic molecules?

Crystalline structure of a boulder

Which of the following is not a function of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice?

Digest the mucous layer covering the epithelium.

Which chemical structure is illustrated as glycerol + two fatty acids?

Diglycerides

Which of the following match between biomolecule type and main area for digestion is correct?

Fats - Small Intestine

Which best describes the purpose of intestinal peristalsis?

Force feces into the rectum

How many basic groups of organic molecules are there?

Four

Which carbohydrate is typically found in honey and many fruits?

Fructose

High-quality proteins include: I. meat. II. fish. III. vegetables. IV. legumes. V. nuts.

I, II

Functional groups in biochemistry can be converted into other functional groups through which process? I. Oxidation-reduction II. Condensation III. Hydrolysis

I, II, III

Which are the major types of carbohydrates the body uses? I. Monosaccharides II. Disaccharides III. Polysaccharides IV. Amino acids V. Nucleic acids

I, II, III

Microflora living in the large intestine have which important roles? I. Break down substances human enzymes are unable to digest II. Synthesize vitamins required by humans III. Boost the immune system, providing protection against infection IV. Inhibition of pathogenic bacteria

I, II, III, IV

The process of metabolism is how cells complete which functions? I. Transform II. Acquire III. Store IV. Use energy

I, II, III, IV

Which recommendations reduce the risk of dental caries? I. Consume milk, yogurt, or cheese II. Consume sugar in moderation and with meals III. Brush teeth after eating, or chew a xylitol, sorbitol, or xylitol-sorbitol chewing gum IV. Rinse mouth with water after consuming acidic beverages

I, II, III, IV

Which statements are TRUE regarding carbohydrates in the caries process? I. The amount of carbohydrate is unrelated to caries-forming potential II. Natural sugars are as potentially cariogenic as sucrose III. Sugar alcohols are less likely to promote caries IV. Using a straw with beverages may lessen caries risk

I, II, III, IV

Dietary carbohydrates serve which functions? I. Provide energy II. Store energy III. Constituent of amino acids, collagen, nerve tissue IV. Spare protein V. Normal fat metabolism VI. Gastrointestinal motility

I, II, III, IV, V, VI

Which chronic diseases are associated with being overweight/obese?I. Hypertension; heart disease II. Osteoarthritis III. Elevated blood cholesterol or triglyceride levels IV. Diabetes V. Sleep apnea and respiratory problems VI. Cancers

I, II, III, IV, V, VI

Which factors are as important to nutritional status as adequate intake? I. Amount of nutrients consumed II. Physiologic need III. Condition of digestive tract IV. Level of circulating hormones V. Presence of other nutrients/drugs that may enhance/interfere with absorption VI. Presence of amount of digestive enzymes

I, II, III, IV, V, VI

Which dietary deficiencies could result in gustatory abnormalities? I. Vitamin A II. Vitamin B12 III. Vitamin K IV. Copper V. Zinc VI. Niacin VII. Nickel

I, II, IV, V, VI, VII

Which three features characterize anabolism? I. Energy input II. Reduction of metabolites III. Production of energy VI. Oxidation of metabolites V. Biosynthesis of complex biomolecules to simple precursors VI. Degradation of complex molecules to smaller molecules

I, II, V

Which are dispensable amino acids? I. Alanine II. Aspartic acid III. Cysteine IV. Leucine V. Lysine VI. Serine

I, II, VI

Properties of fat are affected by which of the following? I. Length of carbon chains II. Number of carbon bonds III. Degree of saturation

I, III

Which proteins are considered low quality? I. Grains II. Fish III. Vegetables IV. Legumes V. Beef

I, III, IV

Which health-related problems are associated with overconsumption of dietary fats? I. Elevated blood lipids II. Obesity III. Cancer IV. Malabsorption syndromes V. Dermatitis

I. Elevated blood lipids II. Obesity III. Cancer

Physiologically, dietary fat provides: I. energy requirements. II. satiety value. III. palatability. IV. fat storage.

I. energy requirements. II. satiety value. III. palatability. IV. fat storage.

Which food groups are dietary sources of carbohydrate? I. Meats II. Milk III. Fruits IV. Vegetables V. Grains

II, III, IV, V

Which amino acids are indispensable? I. Arginine II. Aspartic acid III. Cysteine IV. Leucine V. Lysine VI. Tryptophan

IV, V, VI

Which is formed by a positively charged metal ion and negatively charged nonmetal ion?

Ionic bond

Which of the following is true of nutrigenetics?

It studies how a person's genetic makeup affects the way they respond to certain foods

A documentary film features children living in a famine-stricken country. They are shown with swollen bellies. Which disorder are these children most likely suffering from?

Kwashiorkor

Which disaccharide is found in milk?

Lactose

Where are digestive enzymes NOT found?

Lipases

Inadequate nutrient intake is anticipated in which scenario?

Male consuming 1300 cal/day.

Marasmus and kwashiorkor are caused by what type of diet deficiencies?

Marasmus results when the diet is deficient in both protein and energy, while kwashiorkor is the result of only protein deficiency.

What is the name given to the small hair-like projections on the simple columnar epithelial cells lining the small intestine?

Microvilli

Biochemistry focuses study of life on which level?

Molecular

Which carbohydrate has a linear structure that undergoes oxidation-reduction reactions forming sugar alcohols?

Monosaccharides

Select the plate that contains the lowest amount protein.

Noodles and carrots

Which biomolecule is responsible for storage and transfer of genetic information?

Nucleic acids

Which determines the classification of a fatty acid?

Number of hydrogen atoms attached to carbon

Each is a biomolecule, except one. Which is the exception? A. Carbohydrates B. Proteins C. Lipids D. Nutrients

Nutrients

Lactose intolerance is a condition in which a person can't drink milk because of a problem with a gene. Therefore, it is an example of which discipline of nutritional genomics?

Nutrigenetics

Resveratrol can stimulate genes to protect against free radical damage. This is an example of which of the following disciplines of nutritional genomics.

Nutrigenomics

This is a discipline within nutritional genomics that studies the effects of foods on gene expression.

Nutrigenomics

According to the MyPlate guidelines, what percentage of the plate should hold protein?

One-quarter

This term is used to describe dietary recommendations based on an individual's genome

Personalized Nutrition

What challenge is associated with eating only plant-based foods?

Plant-based foods are generally incomplete proteins.

Which fatty acid has carbons connected by two or more double bonds?

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Which of the following match between digestive enzyme and biomolecule digested is incorrect?

Protease - peptide

Food labels cannot include either an explicit or implied nutrient content claim unless it uses specific terms defined by the FDA. Which best describes the purpose of this requirement?

Protecting consumers from false or misleading claims

Which biomolecule is composed of amino and carboxyl groups with varying side chains?

Proteins

The muscular valve at the bottom of the stomach that controls the flow of partially digested food into the small intestine is known as the:

Pyloric sphincter

Overconsumption of protein may result in which health effects?

Reduced ad libitum energy consumption Fluid imbalances Increased risk of CHD and stroke

What's the best meal to serve a vegan over a dinner?

Rice and beans.

Which of the following DOES NOT help improve absorption within the small intestine?

Rugae

Which polysaccharide is typically found in cereal grains, roots, vegetables, and legumes?

STARCH

Where does the majority of chemical digestion and absorption take place?

Small intestine

Insufficient intake of protein affects which oral tissues?

Teeth Salivary glands Periodontium

Which of the following statements about the location of digestive enzymes is true?

The majority of digestive enzymes' work is done in the small intestine

Which of the following describes the relationship between the villi and the microvilli?

The microvilli are like hairs on the villi.

What do amylase and pepsin have in common?

They are both digestive enzymes.

What is the main job of digestive enzymes?

To chemically break down food macromolecules into absorbable-sized molecules

Which biomolecule consists of a three-carbon glycerol backbone with three attached fatty acids?

Triglycerides

Proteins perform which important physiologic roles? I. Tissue generation and repair II. Collagen production III. Fluid regulation IV. Disease resistance V. All of the above VI. None of the above

V. All of the above

Which of the following does the large intestine most likely absorb in digestion?

Water

An inactive precursor of an enzyme that must go through a change to be activated is known as a(n) _____.

Zymogen

Nutritional labeling in the United States includes:

both nutrient and health claims.

The medical term for persistent, abnormal distortion of taste is:

dysgeusia

A lacto-ovo vegetarian diet allows you to eat plant-based foods along with _____.

milk and eggs

What forms must carbohydrates and proteins take to be absorbed by the small intestine?

monosaccharides and amino acids

Secretions from the _____, called _____, neutralize acid from the stomach in the small intestine.

pancreas, bicarbonate

Gurgling abdominal sounds are an indication of:

peristalsis

Nutrient dense foods provide:

relatively few calories.

The progressive loss of muscle mass and strength typically associated with the process of aging is called:

sarcopenia.

What is one reason that enzymes are present in the small intestine?

to break down protein to amino acids

The primary form of fat in the body is:

triglycerides

Persistent, dry mouth from inadequate salivary secretion is:

xerostomia


Set pelajaran terkait

E-1.11 - 1.12 Multiple Relationships, Giving & Receiving Gifts

View Set

MKTG FINAL-- Creating Competitive Advantage pt 2

View Set

The Athletic Training Profession

View Set