Nutrition Unit

Define each of the following terms: a. Serving size:

Based on the amount of the food item that is typically eaten at one time.

What is a function of vitamins and minerals?

Help the body function properly.

Which type of lipoprotein is considered "good" cholesterol?

High-density lipoprotein

What nutrient can the body live only a few days without?

Water

What are complete proteins and where are they found?

contain all the essential amino acids, "building blocks," the body needs in order to use them. Found in animal sources, such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, cheese, Soybeans (tofu & edamame) & quinoa

Summarize the following therapeutic diet and who might need to follow each diet: a. Clear liquid diet:

may be required before or after surgery and before specific medical procedures. includes water, fruit juices without pulp, plain coffee and tea, fat-free broths, sodas, gelatin, fruit ice, popsicles, and clear hard candy

What are the six classifications of nutrients?

1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Vitamins 5. Minerals 6. Water

What kind of proteins are found in animal sources, such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, and cheese?

Complete proteins

Fiber is a nutrient.

False

Water-soluble vitamins can be stored in the body.

False

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Fat-soluble vitamins require fat intake from the diet for absorption and are stored in the body's fatty tissue and liver. These vitamins are A, D, E, and K.

People should eat a variety of which type of food?

Fruits & Vegetables

What does fiber do for the body?

It helps keep the digestive system working well and will also make people feel fuller and more satisfied after eating. Fiber also helps the body regulate its use of sugars. It may also help lower cholesterol.

What information is in the footnote?

It makes note that the %DVs are based on a 2,000-calorie daily diet. A person's individual needs may be different based on health factors, age, gender, height, weight, and physical activity level.

The body uses _____ to build, maintain, and repair cells.

Proteins

Describe saturated fats and list some foods that contain them.

Saturated fats are often solid at room temperature and are sometimes referred to as solid fat. Animal products such as beef, poultry, eggs, whole milk, full-fat cheese, and butter contain saturated fats. bacon, lard, lamb, cream, hydrogenated oils, stick margarine, shortening, coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, and whole milk are high in saturated fat.

What are simple carbohydrates and what foods can they be found in ?

Simple carbohydrates are simple sugars that are found in food and are digested quickly in the body. candy, sodas, baked goods, jellies, fruit juice, sweetened cereals, and canned fruit in heavy syrup. Foods made with white flour like white bread and white pasta are simple carbohydrates, also

What food does DASH diet limit?

foods and beverages with added sugar, red meat, sodium, and added fats (saturated and trans fat specifically).

How many servings of protein should a person eat in what nutrients do they provide?

girls=5-ounce boys=6 1/2-ounce People who need 2,000 calories per day should eat 5 1/2 ounce. Iron, vitamin E, zinc, vitamin B-12 (and other B-vitamins)

Any food that is made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, barley, rye, etc. is called a _____.

grain

Saturated fats are sometimes referred to as _______________.

solid fats

Describe who might need to follow the following therapeutic diets: e. Low calorie diet:

used for patients who are overweight.

Describe who might need to follow the following therapeutic diets: d. High calorie diet:

used for patients who are underweight or who have cancer or cystic fibrosis.

Describe who might need to follow the following therapeutic diets: c. Carbohydrate control diet:

used for patients who have diabetes.

Describe who might need to follow the following therapeutic diets: a. Low protein diet:

used for patients who have early stages of kidney failure.

What kind of carbohydrates are found in whole-grain bread, cereal, rice, pasta, vegetables, beans, and nuts?

Complex carbohydrates

A low-salt diet may be used for patients who have diabetes.

False

People should consume as much sugar and salt as they want.

False

People should usually select high-fat foods from the Dairy group.

False

The goal should be to get 100% DV on all the nutrients listed on the food label.

False

Why are fats important?

Fats, also known as lipids, are important because they support cell growth, provide energy, and help the body absorb certain vitamins.

Why is LDL considered "bad" and HDL considered "good"?

LDL is considered "bad" cholesterol because it contributes to fatty buildup in arteries, increasing risk for heart attack, stroke, and coronary heart disease. HDL is considered "good" cholesterol, because it will help carry some (but not all) of the LDL cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver.

Summarize the following therapeutic diet and who might need to follow each diet: c. Soft diet:

may be used before and after surgery, digestive issues, chewing or swallowing difficulties. includes foods that are easy to chew and swallow. Foods may be softened by cooking and mashing them.

Summarize the following therapeutic diet and who might need to follow each diet: d. Bland diet:

may be used for patients who have digestive problems. consists of foods that are mildly seasoned, tender, and easily digested.

What are unsaturated fats also called, and why?

usually called oils, are liquid at room temperature.

What do nutrients do?

- Enable the body to grow, maintain, and repair itself. - Give the body energy. - Help different systems in the body work properly

What are the five basic food groups?

- Grains - Vegetables - Fruits - Dairy - Protein

What are the five subgroups of vegetables and what nutrients do they provide?

1. Dark green vegetables include broccoli, spinach, kale, & collard greens. 2. Red & orange vegetables include carrots, squash, tomatoes, & sweet potatoes. 3. Beans & peas include a variety of beans (chickpeas, navy, pinto, black, kidney, white), split peas, & soy. 4. Starchy vegetables include corn, green peas, & white potatoes. 5. Other vegetables include celery, green beans, peppers, iceberg lettuce, mushrooms, Brussels sprouts, eggplant, cauliflower, avocado, asparagus, cucumbers, & onions. Vegetables provide vitamins, minerals, fiber and carbohydrates in varying amounts

How many servings of milk should a person consume in what nutrients do they provide?

3 Cups of milk. calcium, protein, potassium, phosphorus, and vitamin D.

What are the water soluble vitamins?

Are absorbed with water and cannot be stored in the body. People must eat food each day that contains these vitamins. There are 9 water-soluble vitamins: vitamin C , B , pyridoxine (B6), cyanocobalamin (B12), thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), pantothenic acid (B5), folic acid (B9) and niacin (B3).

Why should sugar and salt be limited?

Are higher in calories and lack important nutrients, so they do not provide any nutrient benefits. Can cause it to retain water, which can make the kidneys and heart work harder. This can increase the risk for heart disease, high blood pressure, and kidney failure

Which foods are part of the protein group and the vegetable group?

Beans and peas

Define each of the following terms: b. Calories:

Calories refer to the total number of calories that come from all sources, including fat, carbohydrates, protein, and alcohol, in one serving of food.

What foods are usually high in calories and low in other nutrients?

Candy, sodas, baked goods, and jellies

Why are carbohydrates essential and what does the body do with carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates are important because they are the body's main source of energy. Carbohydrates are found in many of the foods people eat. The body breaks them down into smaller forms called simple sugars to be used as energy.

Which food is part of the Dairy group?

Cheese

What is the fat-like substance that the body needs to build cells?

Cholesterol

What type of therapeutic diet may be used before and after surgery?

Clear liquid diet, Full liquid diet, Soft diet

What are complex carbohydrates and what foods can they be found in?

Complex carbohydrates are digested more slowly because they are higher in fiber. They are also rich in vitamins and minerals. Complex carbohydrates are found in whole-grain bread, pastas, cereals, and vegetables such as sweet potatoes, butternut squash, and fresh beets. Also, legumes such as black beans, chickpeas, and lentils as well as grains like quinoa, oats, barley, brown, and wild rice, and nuts

What does DASH stand for?

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

How many servings of fruit should a person eat and what nutrients do they provide?

Girls- 14 to 18 yrs old should have 1 ½ cups Boys-14 to 18 yrs old should have 2 cups. Important vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and fiber.

Which fats can have positive effects on your health when eating in moderation?

Monounsaturated fats & Unsaturated fats

What do you nutrients do for our bodies?

Nutrients are the substances found in food that give the body energy. Nutrients enable it to grow, maintain, and repair itself and help different systems within the body work properly. Optimal nutrition leads to better health and can reduce the risk of several diseases, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, osteoporosis, and cancer.

What are saturated fats sometimes called?

Solid Fat

Certain combinations of incomplete proteins in one meal or snack make a complete protein.

True

Most of the meat and poultry choices people make should be low-fat.

True

Too much saturated fat and trans fat can lead to heart disease.

True

What should at least half of the grains people eat be?

Whole grains

Describe trans fats and list some foods that contain them.

are also solid at room temperature and are mainly formed from vegetable oils through a process called hydrogenation. many cakes, cookies, microwave popcorn, and icings. small amounts in animal products, such as whole milk and milk products.

What are grains and what nutrients do they provide?

are made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, barley, rye. Ex), bread, pasta, cereals, and tortillas. Many grains are a good source of carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and fiber.

Define each of the following terms: c. Calories from fat:

are not additional calories, but instead show how much of the total calorie count comes from fat.

Why are food labels important?

are placed on most foods and contain information regarding nutrient content claims and health messages. tool for helping consumers make informed and healthy food choices.

What are some of the minerals the body needs?

calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, sodium, and magnesium.

What do Lipoproteins do and what are the two types of Lipoproteins?

carry cholesterol to and from cells: LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein).

What is the goal of a therapeutic diet?

is modified to accommodate a people's needs by either changing the consistency of the food or limiting the type of nutrients they can consume based on any current health issues.

Define each of the following terms: d. Daily value:

is the amount of key nutrients recommended per day for Americans 4 years of age or older. The Percent Daily Value (%DV) is how much of a nutrient is in one serving of the food.

What are incomplete proteins and where are they found?

lack one or more of the essential building blocks. However, eating certain combinations of incomplete proteins within a 24 hr period makes a complete protein. found in plant sources, such as whole grains (whole-grain bread, cereal, pasta, & brown or wild rice), vegetables (such as split pea soup), legumes (such as beans & lentils), & nuts.

Summarize the following therapeutic diet and who might need to follow each diet: e. Low residue diet:

limits fiber, may be used for patients who have digestive & rectal problems.

Summarize the following therapeutic diet and who might need to follow each diet: f. Low sodium diet:

limits salt, may be used for patients who have heart disease, renal failure, liver disease, & high blood pressure.

Summarize the following therapeutic diet and who might need to follow each diet: b. Full liquid diet:

may be used before and after surgery, chewing or swallowing problems. includes milk, all vegetable and fruit juices, yogurt, cooked pureed cereals, strained soups, pudding, ice cream (with no chunks of fruit, candy, or syrups), sherbet, butter, margarine, cream, honey, and syrup.

What foods does DASH diet emphasize?

on eating a variety of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. It also includes low-fat dairy products, lean fish and poultry, beans, nuts, and vegetable oils.

Who might need to follow the DASH diet?

people with high blood pressure

A modification of a normal diet for health reasons is called a _____ diet

therapeutic

What is MyPlate?

to remind people to find their healthy eating style and continue it through their lifetimes. offers a variety of tips, information, and ideas to help create an eating pattern that meets individual nutrient needs and improves health.

Describe who might need to follow the following therapeutic diets: b. Low-fat, low cholesterol diet:

used for patients who have heart disease.

What are two types of unsaturated fats found in oils and where do they come from?

- Polyunsaturated fats contain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Salmon, mackerel, flaxseeds, chia seeds, soybeans, and walnuts - Monounsaturated fats come from plant sources such as avocados, olives, nuts, and seeds.

The body's main source of energy are _____.

carbohydrates