Nutrition Unit 1,2,3

Which of the following are appropriate suggestions to help consumers be more critical of nutrition-related information or products?

- Ask questions about the source of the nutrition information - Examine the scientific credentials of the individual or company making a claim - Do not believe everything you read or hear about nutrition

Choose the reasons it is better to obtain nutrients from foods rather than from supplements.

- Foods naturally contain beneficial combinations of nutrients and phytochemicals - Nutrients from foods can sometimes be more available than nutrients from supplements - Foods contain a wider variety of phytochemicals than supplements

Choose the scenarios in which the funding source's reasons for wanting to fund scientific research may relate to research basis.

-A pharmaceutical company wants to fund a study investigating only the positive effects of their weight loss supplement -A food manufacturer desires to fund a study investigating only the benefits of their products on overall health -A food industry does not want to fund a study investigating a specific food's relationship to chronic disease

Which of the following are common red flags of nutrition misinformation?

-Promises of quick and easy health remedies -Claims that sound too good to be true -Scare tactics

Which of the following are ways to be a careful consumer of nutrition information from the Internet?

-Search multiple websites -Avoid websites that provide online diagnoses and treatments -Do not trust information on websites that do not indicate valid sources

Within the fruit group, which of these items are considered one-cup equivalents?

1 cup applesauce, 1 cup 100% fruit juice, 1/2 cup dried fruit, 8 large strawberries

Select the items that are considered one-cup equivalents in the vegetable group.

1 medium potato (3" diameter), 1 cup vegetable juice, 1 cup cooked vegetables, 2 cups raw greens

Rank the process for classifying combination foods, such as pizza, sandwiches, and casseroles.

1) determine the ingredients in the combination food 2) classify each ingredient into its appropriate food group 3) approximate the amount of each ingredient in terms of the number of cups of ounces, depending on the food group 4) tally the amounts of cups or ounces from each food group

Which of these foods are considered one-cup equivalents in the dairy group?

1.5 oz natural cheese 1 cup plain yogurt 8 fl oz milk

Select the foods that equate to a one-ounce equivalent in the grains group.

1/2 cup cooked pasta 1 regular slice of bread 1/2 cup cooked rice

MyPlate focuses on _____ food groups.

5

_____ is a personal endorsement of a product for which people are usually paid for its use in an advertisement.

A testimonial

Choose foods that are included in the vegetable group.

Frozen broccoli Canned green beans 100% vegetable juice

Food guides generally classify foods into major groups according to which two factors?

Key nutrients and Their natural origins

Per the FDA, food manufacturers are required to use a special labeling format on most packaged foods, known as the _____.

Nutrition Facts panel

Which statements describe the Daily Values (DVs)?

They are based on a 2000 kcal/day diet for adults, They are established by the FDA, They are more simplified than the RDAs and AIs

_____ contain the entire seeds (ground, cracked, or flaked) of cereal grains such as wheat.

Whole grains

Which of the following foods are part of the dairy group?Yogurt Cheese Milk Butter

Yogurt Cheese Milk

The most natural and economical way to obtain nutrients and phytochemicals is to base your diet on

a variety of "whole" and minimally processed foods

protein rich foods include

beef, prok, lamb, fish, shellfish, liver, poultry, beans, eggs, nuts, tofu, and seeds

A participant or animal who does not receive the treatment being studied is a member of the _____ group.

control

Ingredients are listed on food labels in _____.

descending order by weight

A(n) _____ supplement is a product that contains a mineral, a vitamin, an amino acid, or an herb that supplements the diet.

dietary

Any product (aside from tobacco) that is taken by mouth and supplements the diet by increasing total intake is known as a(n) _____.

dietary supplement

An RD or RDN is a college-trained professional with extensive knowledge of _____, which is the application of nutrition and food information to treat various health-related conditions.

dietetics

Physicians _____ if they select a product based on financial gain rather than effectiveness of treatment.

face a great deal of risk

solid fats

fairly hard at room temp, ex: beef fat, lard, shortening, cream, cream cheese, and sour cream (liquid or soft at room temp)

9 kcal/g

fat

The addition of calcium to orange juice is an example of _____.

fortification

Consumers need to critically evaluate nutrition claims in popular media because

freedom of speech allows people to provide information that is not true

Population studies _____ establish cause and effect relationships between two variables.

generally cannot

Which food group includes products made from wheat?

grains

The difference between a double-blind study and a single-blind study is that

in a double-blind study, researchers do not know who is in each group

Both single-blind and double-blind studies are types of

intervention studies

In the United States, which of these nutrients are added back to refined grain cereal products during enrichment?

iron, B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid

The amount of energy in foods is reported as

kilocalories

_____ are needed by our body in relatively large amounts on a daily basis.

macronutrients

The state of health that occurs when the body is improperly nourished is called

malnutrition

Researchers often conduct experiments using _____, which are inexpensive to house in laboratories and whose food and other living conditions can be carefully controlled.

mice and rats

_____ are needed in very small amounts for the body to function properly.

micronutrients

protein foods are a rich source of

micronutrients, iron, zinc, B vitamins

Which two nutrients do not provide energy for the body?

minerals and vitamins

The most commonly used dietary supplements in the United States are _____.

multivitamin/multimineral products

In a double-blind research study, _____ are aware of who is in the control/treatment groups.

neither the participants nor the researchers

You need _____ from foods for your body to function properly

nutrients

In order to select a balanced diet for optimal health, it is necessary to gain knowledge about

nutrition

Rank the following steps of the scientific method in order, beginning with the first step.

observe, develop a question, test question, analyze findings, form conclusions, share results

The nutritional information on the Nutrition Facts panel always applies to _____.

one serving

After a scientific question is tested once using the scientific method

other researchers may conduct additional studies to examine the original scientific question

minerals

regulation of body processes, including fluid balance, formation of certain chemical messangers, sturctural and functional components of various substances and tissues, necessary for phyiscal growth, maintenance, and development.

vitamins

regulation of body processes, maintenance of immune function, production and maintenance of tissues, protection against agents that can damage cellular components.

Consumers __ nutrition information found in popular media such as magazines and the Internet, especially when scientific-sounding terms like "enzymatic therapy" are included.

should be skeptical of

lipids

source of energy (fats), cellular development, physical growth and development, regulation of body processes, absorption of fat soluble vitamins.

When an athlete is paid to endorse a company's product, the information in the commercial is likely to be biased in favor of the product. Such an advertisement is known as a

testimonial

When a diet is individualized to meet a person's nutrient needs, this means that

the diet is designed with consideration of their food preferences

When people report positive or negative reactions to a treatment even though they received the placebo, this is known as

the placebo effect

Nutrition facts panel must provided info about the foods

total fat, specific fats (saturated and trans), cholestrol, sodium, total carb, fiber, total sugars, added sugars, protein, vitamin D, potassium, calcium, and iron contents

A food is bad for you if it contains

toxic substances

0 kcal/g

vitamins

micronutrients include

vitamins and minerals

experiment

way of testing a scientific question

whole grain examples

whear, buckwheat, oats, corn, rice wild rice, rye, and barley

When searching for accurate nutrition information, watching television commercials, home shopping network programs, or infomercials

would not be the most reliable sources

Choose the foods that equate to a one-ounce equivalent in the protein foods group.

1/4 cup cooked beans 1 egg 1-ounce poultry

_____ can be used in menu planning for groups of people and evaluating the nutritional adequacy of a population's diet.

Dietary Reference Intakes

Which of the following are responsibilities of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)?

Enforcing consumer protection laws and Investigating complaints about false or misleading health claims in advertising

Across American adults, which of the following options are among the most popular dietary supplements that do not contain vitamins or minerals?

Fish oil/"omega-3" Melatonin Probiotics and prebiotics

Which of the following foods are included in the grains group?

Flour tortillas Rice Pasta

Which nutrition tool is easiest to use for planning menus?

Food guide

Which of the following are recommended characteristics to consider when individualizing a person's diet?

Food preferences Budget Lifestyle

Choose the statement that correctly describes how individuals know what to select for a balanced and healthy diet. - People have an innate ability to select a balanced, healthy diet - People are born with knowledge of how various nutrients can impact health status - People naturally know the proper mix of nutrients needed from food for optimal health - People require knowledge of nutrition in order to select foods that provide the proper mix of nutrients for optimal health

People require knowledge of nutrition in order to select foods that provide the proper mix of nutrients for optimal health

The only time a specific nutrient can cure a health condition is when the condition is _____.

a nutrient deficiency disease

dietart supplement

a product that contains a vitamin, mineral, herb or other plant product, amino acid, or a dierty substance that supplements the diet by increasing total intake

Oils include olive and canola oils, as well as other fats that _____.

are liquid at room temperature

When we want to make changes to the way we usually eat, we change our

diet

proteins

production of sturctural and futional components, cellular development, growth, and maintenance, regulation of body processes, immune function,fluid balace, source of energy

There is a risk of _____ when a funding source could potentially gain from a particular study outcome.

research bias

Select the outcomes that can occur to physicians who do not act ethically or in the best interest of their patients.

- They can lose potential patients - They can be sued for malpractice - They can lose current patients

To understand differences in chronic disease rates and causes of death across various populations, a researcher may conduct a(n)

population study

Choose the statement that correctly describes RDs and RDNs.

Both RDs and RDNs must regularly maintain certification based on nationally established standards

Match the nutrient in the left column with the appropriate function from the right column.

Carbohydrate-Source of energy (most forms) Lipid- Necessary for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins Protein-Production of structural and functional components Water- Regulation of body temperature

A what is the smallest functional unit in a living organism.

cell

In a research study, members of the treatment group

receive the treatment that is being evaluated

"Money back" guarantees, use of testimonials and anecdotes as evidence of effectiveness, and promotion of a product's benefits without reference to its risks, are examples of

red flags

Select foods that are included in the fruit group.

Applesauce Dried apricots Canned peaches

Which food can be classified in both the vegetable group and the protein foods group?

Beans

Choose foods that are included in the protein foods group.

Beef Eggs Pork

Results from a population study show that as a population's intake of herbal supplements increases, percent body fat also increases across the population. Which statement correctly describes the conclusion that can be drawn from these results?

Cause and effect between herbal supplement use and percent body fat cannot be established

_____ are a set of nutrient intake standards that are developed for labeling purposes.

Daily Values

The _____ are a set of general nutrition-related lifestyle recommendations intended for healthy people over two years old.

Dietary Guidelines

The _____ enforces U.S. consumer protection laws and investigates complaints about health claims used in advertising.

Federal Trade Commission

Choose the types of websites that are generally considered reliable sources of nutrition information.

Government agency (.gov) Nationally recognized nonprofit organization (.org) University (.edu)

Which of these options are food groups according to MyPlate?

Grains Dairy Protein foods Fruits Veggies

Poor eating habits contribute to which two leading causes of death in the United States?

Heart disease and cancer

Which of the following are not likely to consistently be reliable sources of scientific-based nutrition information?

Infomercials, Best-selling books, and Popular magazines

Select the foods that are classified as solid fats.

Lard Butter Shortening

Select factors that influence a person's nutrient requirements.

Life cycle stage, General health status, Age

Choose the types of information that must be included on a food label.

Manufacturer's name and address Product name Net content's weight or volume

Which of these foods are rich sources of oils? Mayonnaise Salad dressing Margarine Butter

Mayonnaise Salad dressing Margarine

The dairy group contains which types of foods?

Milk and milk products, retain some or most of their calcium content after processing

Select ingredients a dietary supplement may contain.

Minerals Herbs Enzymes

_____ are involved in the regulation of fluid balance, whereas _____ are involved in the maintenance of immune function.

Minerals; vitamins

Which principles can help ensure nutritional adequacy in a diet?

Moderation Balance Variety

Which term describes a food or beverage that supplies a large amount of beneficial nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, in relation to its energy value?

Nutrient-dense

Which terms, that individuals providing nutrition information may use to describe themselves, do not have nationally standardized legal definitions?

Nutritionalist and Nutrition expert

_____ can refer to when individuals in the control group attribute health benefits to a therapy they unknowingly did not receive.

The placebo effect

A jar of pasta sauce lists tomato puree as the first ingredient. What does this mean?

Tomato puree is the ingredient that contributes the most weight

The term "empty calories" refers to foods that contain large amounts of calories from which substances?

Unhealthy fats Alcohol Added sugars

Foods are bad for you if they contain which two substances that can cause food-borne illness?

Viruses Bacteria

the US department of health and human services (HHS) and the USDA publish the dietary guidelines for americans which is

a set of general nutrition- related lifestyle recommendations that are intended for healthy people over 2 yrs old. designed to promote adequate nutritional status and good health, and reduce risk f major nutrition related chronic health conditions (obesity, hypertension high blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease)

fortifaction

addition of any nutrient to foods, may restore nutrients in food that were lost during processing or provide specific health benefits

7 kcal/g

alcohol

A(n) _____ is a report of personal experiences.

anecdote

If your neighbor comes over to discuss a new energy drink that she has been taking to get her through the afternoon, her experience would be known as a(n)

anecdotes

Choose the foods that would be considered nutrient-dense.

broccoli and whole grain cereal

4 kcal/g

carbohydrates

Which two nutrients provide the same amount of energy per gram (kcal/g)?

carbs and proteins

macronutrients include

carbs, fats, and proteins

solid fats increase your risk of

cardiovascular disease

_____ require the nutrients in food to perform their metabolic activities.

cells

Several leading causes of death in the United States are considered _____ diseases, which are health problems that typically take many years to develop and have complex causes.

chronic

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water are all

classes of nutrients

The __ department at an accredited college or university is a good place to find qualified nutrition experts.

dietetics

You see an article in a peer-reviewed journal that contains a listing of all of the authors' affiliations. This is considered a(n)

disclosure

If neither the participants nor the researchers are aware of each participant's group assignment, it is considered a _____ study.

double-blind

In order to obtain nutrients and phytochemicals in your diet, you should

eat a variety of "whole" and minimally processed foods

Pastries, sugar-sweetened beverages, snack chips, and candies may be considered _____ foods.

empty calorie

_____ is the process of replacing some of the nutrients that were lost during a raw food's refinement.

enrichment

A nutrient that cannot be made by the body or is not produced in great enough amounts to meet needs and therefore must be supplied by food is considered

essential

A researcher is interested in investigating whether calcium can be absorbed as well in children with dairy allergies. To test this scientific question, the researcher should conduct a(n)

experiment

Choose the nutrients that provide energy to cells.

fats and carbs

Which of the following are major classes of essential nutrients?

fats, water,

Whole-grain foods contain more _____ than refined-grain foods.

fiber

Since the ____ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees freedom of the press and speech, people can provide false nutrition information without repercussions.

first

Advertising, health status, education, occupation, and income are factors that influence

food choices

Kilocalories are the unit of measurement for

food energy

The human body is designed to obtain nutrients and phytochemicals via _____.

foods

When researchers write an article about their study and submit it to a scientific journal, it undergoes peer review, which means that

other researchers with appropriate knowledge will judge the scientific merit of the article

The expert critical analysis of a research article before it is published is known as

peer review

Age, sex, life cycle stage, and _____ all influence a person's nutrient requirements.

physical activity level

When compared to plant foods, nutrient supplements do not contain a wide variety of

phytochemicals

_____ such as caffeine are nonnutrients made by plants that may have health benefits.

phytochemicals

A _____ is provided to the control group so that it can be compared to the response of the treatment being investigated.

placebo

In an experiment, a fake treatment such as a sham pill, injection, or medical procedure is called a(n)

placebo

Peer-reviewed journals usually require disclosure of researchers' affiliations and funding sources, which can allow others to judge whether _____ may have influenced the researchers.

research bias

A study in which only the researchers are aware of each participant's group assignment is known as a _____ study.

single-blind

carboydrates

source of energy (most forms)

When conducting population studies, researchers often use _____ to collect information about health- and food-related practices.

surveys

Select reasons why two researchers can investigate the same question but end up with conflicting results.

- Subjects in the two studies may have different lifestyle and dietary habits - The results may be analyzed in different ways - The study designs may be different

Which of the following are examples of nonnutrients?

Phytochemicals and Alcohol

Why might the health benefits received from phytochemicals differ when consumed from supplements versus plant foods?

Plant foods naturally contain beneficial combinations of phytochemicals and nutrients that supplements do not provide

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) can be used to help people in which of the following ways?

Prevent disease, Achieve optimal health, Reduce the risk of nutrient deficiencies and excesses

What is an important consideration when making dietary recommendations?

Research on the same topic can often lead to conflicting results, so dietary recommendations should be based on the totality of the evidence.

Choose reasons why scientists will often conduct experiments using small mammals, such as rats or mice, before conducting similar research in humans.

Safety issues and Ethical concerns

Which of these statements describes a key concept regarding healthy diets? - Since no naturally occurring food contains all nutrients in amounts your body needs, variety is important -The focus should be on consuming "perfect" foods since they provide the exact amount of nutrients needed for optimum health - It is recommended to consume large portions of a few foods in order to consume adequate intakes of essential nutrients - Empty calorie, energy-dense foods are the best sources of essential nutrients and beneficial phytochemicals

Since no naturally occurring food contains all nutrients in amounts your body needs, variety is important

Which statement best describes the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?

The DRIs are an umbrella term for various energy and nutrient standards.

Which of the following are considered essential nutrients?

Vitamin A Calcium Fats containing linolenic acid

Which option describes a situation in which malnutrition can occur? - When people consume nutritionally adequate diets - When people consume nutritionally poor diets - When the body is properly nourished - When individuals consume a nutrient-dense diet

When people consume nutritionally poor diets