Nutrition - Unit 4
Match 1. Helps promote vision in dim light 2. Assists with bone formation 3. Protects cells from injury 4. Aids in blood clotting a. Vitamin D b. Vitamin K c. Vitamin E d. Vitamin A
1 - D 2 - A 3 - C 4 - B
Match the laboratory value to the corresponding description. 1. Indicates levels of energy-containing molecules 2. Identifies the level of oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood 3. Determines level of kidney function 4. Indicates average blood glucose level for the past 2-3 months A. Hemoglobin A1c B. Platelets C. Hemoglobin D. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A
Match the hypotheses to their relevant cues. 1. 20-lb weight loss in past 2 months 2. Choking with oral intake attempts 3. Bilateral upper-extremity paralysis 4. Waist circumference of 100 cm (39.4 inches) for a female patient A. Impaired Swallowing B. Excess Food Intake C. Impaired Self-Feeding D. Deficient Food Intake
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B
Match the appropriate nursing hypothesis labels to the related factors. 1. Cleft palate 2. Sensory and motor deficits 3. Inadequate dietary intake 4. Daily intake of excessive number of calories A. Deficient Food Intake B. Excess Food Intake C. Impaired Self-Feeding D. Impaired Swallowing
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B
Medications administered through a feeding tube should be in liquid form or ground into powder as permitted and dissolved in _____ mL of sterile water before instillation into the tube
15-30
Based on the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines, which percentage of an adult's caloric intake should come from carbohydrates?
45-65%
A value less than which number is considered a normal hemoglobin A1c? Record answer to the nearest tenth.
5.7
A 25-year-old female patient is getting her annual physical. The medical assistant measures her waist at 40 inches. According to North American standards for waist circumference, the patient is at risk for which condition? A. Heart disease B. Varicose veins C. Tooth loss D. Blindness
A
A patient who is borderline diabetic has expressed a desire to make lifestyle changes in an effort to avoid taking medications. Which dietary modification would be appropriate for this patient? A. Eating high-fiber complex carbohydrates B. Eating foods that have a high glycemic index C. Eating foods that are low in sodium, such as pickles D. Avoiding bananas and extra potassium
A
A young adult female patient recently gave birth to a baby with a neural tube defect. The patient was most likely deficient in which B vitamin? a. Folic acid (vitamin B9) b. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) c. Niacin (vitamin B3) d. Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
A
An obese male patient has a goal of losing 100 pounds and states that he is going to remove all fat from his diet. The student nurse advises him against this because fats have multiple functions. Which function would the student nurse describe to support this recommendation? a. Fats help produce energy for the body. b. Fats absorb waste in the body. c. Trans fats will lower cholesterol. d. Saturated fats will produce higher metabolism.
A
Neuropathy is a consequence of which metabolic condition? A. Diabetes mellitus B. Food allergies C. Obesity D. Anorexia nervosa
A
Parents of an infant diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) are informed that the condition is a result of failure to metabolize amino acids after consuming which substance? A. Protein B. Fat C. Water D. Carbohydrates
A
The nurse is completing the physical assessment on a patient just admitted to the hospital. The nurse is focusing on the nutritional aspects of this assessment. Which factors should the nurse pay close attention to when examining the patient? A. Skin, hair, and dentition B. Eyes, ears, nose, and throat C. How the patient is feeling D. The patient's steady gait
A
The nurse is educating a family about nutrition. When discussing food choices for constipation prevention, which statement explains why the nurse would recommend choosing whole wheat bread over white bread? a. Whole wheat is an insoluble fiber. b. White bread has too much protein. c. Whole wheat speeds up metabolism. d. White bread negatively affects metabolism.
A
The primary nurse is advocating for a patient with a nursing hypothesis of Impaired Self-Feeding. With whom would the nurse collaborate to provide a cost-effective assistive feeding device for the patient? A. Case manager B. Speech therapist C. Unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) D. Registered dietitian
A
Which action would the nurse take to provide appropriate percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube care? A. Assessing skin around the tube B. Flushing the tube only prior to use C. Stripping the tube to ensure pills do not get stuck D. Cleaning the site with hydrogen peroxide
A
Which statement by the nurse to a patient demonstrates culturally competent nutritional care? A. "When you use the terms 'hot' or 'cold' to describe foods, you may not be talking about the temperature." B. "I see that the medical record lists your religion as Jewish, so I made sure to remove the bacon from your breakfast tray." C. "The capsule for this medication is gelatin-based but this is how it comes from the pharmacy, so you will need to make a small exception to your vegetarian diet." D. "I have read that Hindus don't eat beef. I don't think I could go without a steak occasionally."
A
A pediatric nurse working in a health care provider's office has a well-child visit with a 5-year-old. Which anthropometric measurements will the nurse most likely take? (Select all that apply) A. Height B. Weight C. Length D. Body fat percentage E. Head circumference
A, B, C
The nurse is caring for an older adult with Alzheimer disease and a secondary diagnosis of malnutrition. Which neurologic functions affect the patient's ability to receive adequate nutrition? (Select all that apply) A. Functional ability B. Cognitive ability C. Memory D. Socioeconomic function E. Language
A, B, C
Which factors may lead to an increased risk for obesity? (Select all that apply) a. Medication b. Disability c. Culture/Religion d. Age e. Gender
A, B, C
Which physical factors are useful in determining potential health risks? (Select all that apply) A. Waist circumference B. Body fat percentage C. Body shape D. Body self-esteem E. Food consumption
A, B, C
An unconscious patient is brought to the emergency department by ambulance. Initial assessment findings by the nurse and health care provider include skin that is dry and yellow in color, noticeable thinness, eyes set back in the head, and a strong odor of alcohol. Severe malnutrition from alcoholism is suspected. Which laboratory tests would the nurse expect to see prescribed for a nutrition assessment? (Select all that apply) A. Blood glucose B. Albumin C. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine D. Phenylketonuria (PKU) E. Complete blood count (CBC)
A, B, C, D
Which measurements are included in infant anthropometric measurements? (Select all that apply) A. Length B. Weight C. Body mass index (BMI) D. Head circumference E. Height F. Waist circumference
A, B, D
Which potential nutritional deficiencies may occur with a vegetarian diet? (Select all that apply) A. Protein B. Iron C. Vitamin B12 D. Zinc E. Calcium F. Vitamin D
A, B, D
For which complications would a nurse monitor in a patient receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN)? (Select all that apply.) A. Catheter-related bloodstream infection B. Site infection C. Nausea and vomiting D. Occlusion of TPN tubing E. Air embolism
A, B, D, E
The nurse is caring for an older adult who lives alone. The nurse becomes concerned that the patient is getting inadequate nutrition based on which neurologic manifestations? (Select all that apply) A. Decreased alertness B. Slower muscle response time C. Decreased hearing D. Decreased visual acuity E. Slower problem-solving
A, B, E
Which tasks are considered appropriate feeding assistance? (Select all that apply.) A. Opening a milk carton B. Setting up a meal tray C. Calling the patient's health care provider when the patient is done eating D. Telling the patient he or she needs to eat more E. Spoon-feeding a patient the entire meal
A, B, E
Which cues would lead the nurse to develop a hypothesis of Deficient Food Intake for a patient? (Select all that apply.) A. Gingivitis B. History of an eating disorder C. Sedentary lifestyle D. Temperature of 37.1°C (98.8°F) E. Hemoglobin A1c of 9.5% F. Unintentional 5% weight loss in 1 month
A, B, F
Assistance in feeding is appropriate to use for patients with which conditions? (Select all that apply) A. Limited mobility of hands and arms B. Limited mobility of feet and legs C. Poor activity tolerance D. Poor cognitive state E. Immobile
A, C, D
Which complications may result from malabsorption? (Select all that apply) A. Poor wound healing B. Dysphagia C. Weight loss D. Fatigue E. Psychological disorders
A, C, D
Which nursing responsibilities are related to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube care? (Select all that apply.) A. Flushing the tube regularly B. Flushing the tube only prior to use C. Documenting skin assessment D. Assessing skin around the tube E. Not changing the dressing until soiled
A, C, D
Which nutrients are considered macronutrients? (Select all that apply) a. Proteins b. Minerals c. Fats d. Carbohydrates e. Vitamins
A, C, D
The student nurse is providing feeding assistance to a patient at risk for aspiration. Which actions would the student nurse avoid? (Select all that apply.) A. Offering large bites to the patient B. Offering small bites to the patient C. Having the patient finish all foods, then drink all fluids D. Alternating between foods and fluids E. Having the patient use a straw when drinking
A, C, E
Which complications would the nurse monitor for in a patient receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN)? (Select all that apply.) A. Catheter-related infections B. Constipation C. Dry mouth D. Site infections E. Nausea
A, D
During digestion, which events occur in the stomach? (select all that apply) a. Acid kills microorganisms. b. Food is moved by peristaltic waves. c. Bile is released to aid with digestion. d. Pepsin is released to aid with digestion. e. Secretions dissolve some food particles.
A, D, E
A 14-year-old female is brought into the emergency department (ED) by her parents. She is 5'3" and weighs 75 pounds. Her parents state that she refuses to eat. Based upon this information, what can the nurse determine about the patient? A. The patient is rebelling against her parents. B. The patient might have an eating disorder. C. The family does not have enough money for food. D. The patient might be at risk for metabolic syndrome.
B
A patient has been admitted to the hospital for malnutrition, and the nurse is explaining the plan of care. When the nurse comes in to take blood for the physical assessment, which statement is most appropriate for the nurse to make to the patient? A. "Taking a patient's blood is standard procedure." B. "A laboratory study will allow us as your health care providers to thoroughly assess your nutritional status." C. "The health care provider has prescribed this procedure." D. "A blood test is necessary to see what is lacking from your diet."
B
An adult patient is being treated in the hospital for hypertensive crisis. Which nutritional modification should the patient make immediately that can positively impact blood pressure? A. Decrease sugar. B. Decrease salt. C. Decrease fat. D. Decrease carbohydrates.
B
Foods with a high glycemic index should be avoided in which diet? A. Cardiac B. Diabetic C. Mechanical soft D. Renal
B
The nurse is focused on a 22-year-old male's need to weigh himself every day. The patient made a comment about how ugly he feels and said that for girls to like him he must be skinny. He told the nurse that he takes laxatives on a regular interval to help maintain his figure. Which information can the nurse determine from this assessment? A. The patient is focused on his ability to regulate his diet efficiently. B. The patient has negative body self-esteem. C. The patient has concerns about his bowel function. D. The patient is focused on the desire for a relationship.
B
The nurse is teaching a patient about distinguishing between "good" fats and "bad" fats. Which type of fat is peanut butter? a. Saturated fat b. Monounsaturated fat c. Polyunsaturated fat d. Trans fat
B
The nurse is using anthropometric measurements to assess a 46-year-old patient. The patient is below average in weight, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) for height. Which factor does the nurse need to consider in the assessment? A. The patient is a picky eater. B. The patient is at risk for malnutrition. C. The patient is small-boned. D. The patient is at risk for metabolic syndrome.
B
The nurse might delegate feeding assistance to which member of the multidisciplinary team? A. Psychologist B. Unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) C. Speech therapist D. Registered dietitian
B
Which condition is related to inflammation and can affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract? A. Phenylketonuria (PKU) B. Crohn disease C. Diverticular disease D. Ulcerative colitis
B
Which condition may be caused by a vitamin C deficiency associated with malabsorption? A. Rickets B. Scurvy C. Petechiae D. Dysphagia
B
Which deficiency has been linked to the development of dementia and Alzheimer disease? A. Sodium B. Folic acid C. Vitamin D D. Iron
B
Which disease is a softening of the bone that is caused by a vitamin D deficiency? A. Osteosarcoma B. Osteomalacia C. Osteopenia D. Osteoporosis
B
Which foods should be avoided by a patient on a renal diet? A. Foods with a high glycemic index B. Foods high in potassium and phosphorus C. High-fiber foods D. High-sodium foods
B
Which items are included in a clear liquid diet? A. Milk, juices with pulp, popsicles B. Gelatin, chicken broth, apple juice C. Strained soup, milk, cranberry juice D. Yogurt, gelatin, apple juice
B
Which primary pathophysiologic process would the nurse conclude is occurring in a patient who has a hypothesis of Impaired Self-Feeding? A. Inadequate dietary intake B. Sensory and motor deficits secondary to spinal cord injury C. Psychological disorder D. Limited physical activity
B
Which statements are accurate regarding the process of catabolism?(Select all that apply) a. Builds up complex molecules from simpler substances b. Breaks complex substances into simpler substances c. Results in a release of energy d. Products are used for cell growth e. Begins with ingestion of food
B, C
A patient does not eat meat or animal products of any kind. The nurse would instruct the patient about which nutritional deficiencies? (Select all that apply.) A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin B12 C. Iron D. Folic acid E. Zinc
B, C, D
Which Healthy People 2030 Core Objective will the nurse consider when planning interventions and establishing patient outcomes specific to nutrition and weight management? (Select all that apply) A. Reduce consumption of polyunsaturated fat in the population aged 2 years and older. B. Increase consumption of calcium in the population aged 2 years and older. C. Increase consumption of vitamin D in the population aged 2 years and older. D. Decrease consumption of potassium in the population aged 2 years and older. E. Reduce iron deficiency among females aged 12 to 49 years
B, C, E
Which interventions related to mouth care would the nurse take for a patient who is NPO (nothing by mouth)? (Select all that apply.) A. Providing small sips of water B. Brushing teeth C. Rinsing the mouth with water D. Providing hard candy E. Using mouthwash
B, C, E
The patient has a health care provider prescription for NPO (nothing by mouth) and is complaining of a dry, sticky mouth. Which action would the nurse suggest to relieve the patient's dry, sticky mouth? (Select all that apply.) A. Taking small sips of water B. Rinsing the mouth with water C. Calling the dentist D. Brushing the teeth E. Sucking on a breath mint
B, D
An athletic adolescent girl is being treated for iron deficiency anemia. Which symptoms are expected with this condition? (Select all that apply) A. Weight gain B. Fatigue C. Constipation D. Dizziness E. Pale skin
B, D, E
Which symptoms may be present in a patient who has low hemoglobin levels? (Select all that apply) A. Fever B. Fatigue C. Hyperglycemia D. Shortness of breath E. Rapid breathing F. Tachycardia
B, D, E,
Which physical assessment findings are strongly correlated with a patient's risk for obesity and heart disease? (Select all that apply) A. Sleep apnea B. Waist circumference C. Body fat percentage D. Body shape E. Ability to take medication
B,C, D
A high school nurse notes that girls on the cross-country team eat together each day. She notes that one of the girls only consumes an apple each day at lunch and has experienced a decline in her athletic performance. Which condition does the nurse suspect in this girl? A. Phenylketonuria (PKU) B. Bulimia nervosa C. Anorexia nervosa D. Crohn disease
C
A patient being seen in the outpatient setting 2 weeks after abdominal surgery reports to the nurse that the surgical incision does not seem to be healing well. The patient describes sleeping well, having minimal discomfort, ambulating as directed postoperatively, and tolerating a normal vegan diet. Which foods will the nurse recommend? A. Leafy green vegetables and oranges B. Lobster and shrimp C. Soybeans and flaxseeds D. Greek yogurt and goat cheese
C
A patient presents to the hospital with persistent bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and stomatitis. Laboratory values indicate the patient has suffered nutritional imbalance as a result of recent decreased food intake and diarrhea. Which inflammatory bowel disease could be responsible? A. Phenylketonuria (PKU) B. Diverticular disease C. Crohn disease D. Ulcerative colitis
C
A patient's basal metabolic rate (BMR) varies depending on which factor? a. Calories taken in during eating and drinking b. Calories burned during physical activity c. Physical and genetic makeup d. Cardiovascular fitness
C
A pediatric patient with a nursing hypothesis of Impaired Swallowing would require care from which member of the multidisciplinary team? A. Psychologist B. Case manager C. Speech therapist D. Registered dietitian
C
A young patient is working with a nurse on nutrition improvement. The nurse tells the patient that there are two main ways to examine dietary habits. The nurse is referring to which two methods? A. Physical assessment and health history B. Mini Nutritional Assessment and DETERMINE self-assessment C. Food diary and 24-hour recall method D. Generic and holistic methods
C
An obese patient is asking for guidance to lose weight. Which hypothesis and patient-centered outcome would be the most appropriate related to nutrition for the patient? A. Impaired Self-Feeding resulting in obesity. Patient will identify factors related to obesity by the next clinic appointment. B. Impaired Swallowing resulting in obesity. Patient will identify factors related to obesity. C. Excess Food Intake resulting in obesity. Patient will identify factors related to obesity by the next clinic appointment. D. Deficient Food Intake resulting in obesity. Patient will identify factors related to obesity by the next clinic appointment
C
Excess intake of dietary sodium is associated with an increased risk for which disorder? A. Dementia B. Alzheimer disease C. Stroke D. Osteoporosis
C
Excessive calcium intake in men has been linked to a risk for developing which condition? a. Iron deficiency anemia b. Obesity c. Prostate cancer d. Anorexia nervosa
C
The nurse is educating a patient regarding nutrition. Which nutrient would the nurse describe as a micronutrient? a. Fiber b. Saturated fat c. Folic acid d. Water
C
The nurse weighs a 13-year-old female patient, asks her how she feels about her body, and collects data about the different types of foods she likes to eat during the day. Which type of assessment is the nurse performing? A. Cardiac assessment B. Psychological assessment C. Health history D. Fall-risk assessment
C
The student nurse is discussing weight loss and macronutrients with an adult patient. Whole wheat bread is a source for which macronutrient? a. Lipids b. Simple carbohydrates c. Complex carbohydrates d. Protein
C
Which description is appropriate for a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube? A. A feeding tube placed in the stomach through one of the nares B. A feeding tube placed in the jejunum through one of the nares C. A feeding tube surgically placed through an incision in the abdomen D. An intravenous solution placed in a vein
C
Which factors are included in the DETERMINE self-assessment of nutrition for older adults? A. Economic hardship, cardiac risk factors, and use of a walker B. Family involvement, history of stroke, and inability to get to the store C. Multiple medications, involuntary weight loss, and tooth loss D. Clean home environment, ability to get to the store, and ability to properly take medication at home
C
Which feeding method would be used for patients who do not have a functioning gastrointestinal (GI) tract or are unable to ingest, digest, or absorb essential nutrients? A. Nasojejunal (NJ) tube feeds B. Clear liquid diet C. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) D. Nasogastric (NG) tube feeds
C
Which foods would be ideal for a weight lifter to consume as a complete protein? a. Bananas b. Peas c. Eggs d. Almonds
C
Which individuals would a nurse collaborate with in an attempt to obtain the best possible outcomes for a pediatric patient with anorexia and bulimia? A. Patient and dietitian B. Patient, dietitian, and psychologist C. Patient, dietitian, psychologist, and case manager D. Patient, dietitian, school principal, and speech therapist
C
Which physical attributes are most important to assess during a nutritional assessment? A. Feet, hands, and legs B. Eyes, ears, and mouth C. Skin, mouth, and dentition D. Hair, legs, and arms
C
Which primary pathophysiologic process would the nurse conclude is occurring in a patient who has a hypothesis of Impaired Swallowing? A. Inadequate dietary intake B. Sensory and motor deficits secondary to spinal cord injury C. Residual effects of neurologic damage secondary to cerebrovascular accident D. Inadequate absorption of nutrients
C
Which term describes the process of chemically changing nutrients, such as fats and proteins, into end products that can be used to meet the energy needs of the body or stored for future use? a. Nutrition b. Absorption c. Metabolism d. Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
C
Which vitamin should be prioritized for an older adult patient with osteoporosis? a. Vitamin K b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin E
C
Women of childbearing age are at higher risk for developing a deficiency of which mineral? a. Magnesium b. Calcium c. Iron d. Phosphorus
C
Which behaviors are specific indicators of anorexia nervosa? Select all that apply. A. Bingeing B. Purging C. Limiting calories D. Omitting healthy foods E. Refusal to socialize when food is involved
C, D, E
A patient who was placed on thickened liquids asks if there is something to eat that does not require a thickening agent. Which liquids or foods could be safely recommended? (Select all that apply.) A. Milk B. Chicken broth C. Yogurt D. Orange juice E. Pudding
C, E
Which nursing actions are associated with discharging a patient home with a feeding tube? (Select all that apply.) A. Checking the patient's insurance coverage for home tube feedings B. Ordering equipment necessary for home tube feedings C. Assessing the patient's understanding of this type of nutritional support D. Following up with the patient after discharge to ensure the tube feedings are being properly administered E. Instructing the patient or caregiver in the proper manner of administering enteral feedings or formula
C. E
A 30-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with chief complaints of headache associated with loss of concentration, dry mouth, and weakness after 2 days of diarrhea and vomiting. The patient is deficient in which macronutrient? a. Protein b. Fat c. Folic acid d. Water
D
A long-distance runner is underweight and malnourished. The runner complains of muscle fatigue, cramping, and dizziness during races. Which laboratory test may be used to determine if the patient is anemic? A. Metabolic panel B. Lipid panel C. Urinalysis D. Complete blood count (CBC)
D
A nurse is working on nutrition with a 64-year-old patient. The nurse asks the patient to describe the types and amounts of food consumed the previous day. Which type of assessment is the nurse completing? A. Complete health history B. Mini Nutritional Assessment C. Food diary D. 24-hour recall
D
A patient has been diagnosed with poor anal sphincter tone. Which structure of the digestive system would be affected by this disorder? a. Esophagus b. Small intestine c. Large intestine d. Rectum
D
A student nurse is providing nutrition counseling to a patient regarding different types of vitamins. Which statement is an indicator that the patient needs further teaching? a. "Vitamins contribute to important metabolic functions of the body." b. "Vitamins can be soluble or insoluble." c. "Vitamins are not produced by the body." d. "Vitamins produce energy."
D
An underweight patient is asking for guidance to gain muscle weight. Which hypothesis and patient-centered outcome would be the most appropriate related to nutrition for the patient? A. Impaired Self-Feeding resulting in low body weight. Patient will identify factors related to nutritional consumption by the next clinic appointment. B. Impaired Swallowing resulting in low body weight. Patient will identify factors related to nutrition. C. Excess Food Intake resulting in low body weight. Patient will identify factors related to nutritional consumption by the next clinic appointment. D. Deficient Food Intake resulting in low body weight. Patient will identify factors related to nutritional consumption by the next clinic appointment.
D
Dysphagia may result from which condition? A. Rickets B. Scurvy C. Anemia D. Stroke
D
The student nurse is educating the patient regarding signs and symptoms to report to the health care provider for at-home tube feedings. Which statement indicates the student needs further teaching? A. "If you experience aspiration, call 911 because this is a life-threatening problem." B. "If you have nausea or vomiting after feeding, call the health care provider because this is not normal." C. "If you have diarrhea after a feeding, you should call your health care provider." D. "If you have a headache after a feeding, you should call your health care provider."
D
Which goal would be appropriate for an obese patient with the nursing hypothesis Excess Food Intake? A. Patient will lose 21 lb in 1 month. B. Patient will exercise until weight is within normal range. C. Patient will identify factors related to obesity within 2 months. D. Patient will lose 1 to 2 lb each week until weight is within the acceptable range.
D
Which organ absorbs sodium, potassium, and water, and houses useful bacteria? a. Rectum b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine
D
Which substance does the body fail to metabolize when an infant is diagnosed with PKU? A. Potassium B. Phosphorus C. Protein D. Phenylalanine
D
Which type of feeding tube is placed into the patient's stomach through one of the nares? A. MIC-KEY B. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube C. Nasojejunal tube D. Nasogastric tube
D
A patient in the telemetry unit is recovering from a heart attack. The nurse teaches the patient that blood flow to part of the heart was occluded by plaque from which substances? (Select all that apply) A. Sodium B. Glucose C. Vitamins D. Cholesterol E. Lipids
D, E