Nutrition Unit 6 - Ch. 14, 15

Associated with higher blood pressure:

Obesity Low-potassium diets High-sodium diets

Aldosterone

is an adrenal hormone that increases sodium reabsorption in the kidney

Excessive intake of zinc supplements can educe absorption of:

Copper

Zinc:

Decreases copper absorption

High sodium food:

Deli meat canned soup cheese

which of the following groups would be most at risk for potassium deficiency?

Patients taking diuretics

Factors that decrease iron absorption:

Phytic acid in the diet Oxalic acid in the diet Polyphenols in tea & coffee Excessive intake of zinc, manganese, calcium

The richest dietary sources of magnesium are:

Plant products: green veggies, beans, whole grains

The major cation in the intracellular fluid is:

Potassium

In the U.S., dietary intakes of the major minerals ___ and ___ often fall short of recommendations.

Potassium and Calcium

Which compartment contains the greatest amount of body fluid?

Intracellular compartment

Zinc functions as a part of:

immune function antioxidant defense DNA and RNA synthesis

Resulting actions of fluid conservation:

1. The body senses decreased blood volume 2. Process initiated by the pituitary gland 3. Release of antidiuretic hormone 4. Kidneys reduce urine output 1. The body senses decrease blood volume 2. Process initiated by the adrenal glands 3. Release of aldosterone 4. Kidneys retain more sodium and water 5. Kidneys reduce urine output

The body loses water in a variety of ways. Put the water output mechanisms in order from greatest contribution to fluid loss to least contribution to fluid loss per day:

1. Urine production 2. Skin losses 3. Lung respiration 4. Feces

Factors that increase iron absorption:

Blood loss Pregnancy Anemia Vitamin C intake

The major anion in the extracellular fluid is:

Chloride

Low sodium food:

Brown rice pears asparagus

Associated with lower blood pressure:

Calcium Magnesium Fiber

Zinc can induce the synthesis of metallothionein, which:

Can hinder the absorption of zinc from the intestinal cell

TRUE OR FALSE: An individual who consumes one cup of coffee in the morning should drink an additional 2 cups of fluid to compensate for caffeine-induced fluid loss.

FALSE Caffeine is only a mild diuretic Intakes up to 500 mg.day (4.5 cups) does not cause dehydration or water imbalance in most people

iron deficiency anemia often causes symptoms of:

Fatigue

Iron is stored in the liver as:

Ferritin

The transport of iron out of the intestinal cell for incorporation into serum transferrin is aided by the protein:

Ferroportin

Where else can kids get fluoride other than from water supply?

Fluorinated toothpaste

Which of the following enzymes contains selenium?

Glutathione peroxidase

Which type of dietary iron is most efficient absorbed?

Heme iron

Vitamin D:

Increases calcium absorption

Vitamin C:

Increases iron absorption

Parathyroid hormone elevates blood calcium levels by:

Increasing the synthesis of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D Reducing calcium excretion by the kidneys Increasing bone reabsorption by osteoclast activity

Some North Americans are called "sodium sensitive". For these people, high sodium intake contributes to:

Hypertension

Drinking too much water can result in dilution of sodium in the blood, a condition known as:

Hyponatremia

Which of the following is associated with selenium deficiency?

Keshan disease

The richest sources of iron in the diet are:

Meats and seafood

In iron deficiency anemia, the red blood cells are usually classified as:

Microcytic Hypochromic

Lino has lactose intolerance. He has been researching non-dairy sources of calcium and learns that dark leafy greens do contain calcium, but in some types of greens, the calcium is not absorbed because of the presence of oxalic acid. Which of the following types of greens will have the least amount of bioavailable calcium?

Spinach Much of the calcium in some leafy greens, like spinach, is not absorbed because of oxalic acid This effect s not as strong in kale, collard, turnip or mustard greens

Why can taking megadoses of individual mineral supplements be potentially harmful?

Taking megadoses of individual mineral supplements can greatly diminish the absorption and metabolism of other minerals

When body cells need more iron, the number of transferrin receptors the cell surface:

increases

Which of the following individuals is NOT at increased risk for iron deficiency anemia?

Young men

Individuals advised to consume calcium supplements should consume:

an amount of no more than 500 mg with to just after a meal

Measuring blood calcium levels is not an accurate indicator of total body calcium because:

blood calcium levels are strictly controlled by hormones and do not reflect total body stores

The amount of selenium in foods:

depends on the amount of selenium in the soil where crops are grown

Excessive fluoride exposure during tooth development can cause:

mottling of teeth

The role of hydroxyfluorapatite is to:

prevent dental caries

Most of our dietary chloride comes from:

table salt

When large doses of zinc are consumed, the excess is excreted primarily via:

the feces