OA Module 1 Healthy aging, Successful aging, Trends in aging
INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHY AGING Individuals who are 100 to 109 years of age are known as centenarians. supercentenarians. those in between. baby boomers.
centenarians Centenarians are those who are between the ages of 100 and 109 years of age, with the majority between 100 and 104 years of age. Supercentenarians are the elite who are 110 years of age or older. Those born between 1915 and 1945—between baby boomers and centenarians—usually between 70 and 99 years of age. Baby boomers are the youngest of the "older generation"—born between 1946 and 1964.
Which one of the following statements best describes aging in the U.S. today? a.Most older adults exhibit predictable behavior and share similar health outcomes as they age. b. Most older adults live in institutions, thus require less complex care when discharged from a hospital. c. Most older adults have symptomatic terminal conditions, while young adults have more disabling chronic conditions. d. Most older adults are functional, report good health, and strive toward improved levels of well-being.
d. Most older adults are functional, report good health, and strive toward improved levels of well-being.
3) There is a growing racial and ethnic heterogeneity among OA in the US. Which racial/ethnic groups are expected to increase the most? Which group has the fastest rate?
(2014) non-Hispanic whites, Blacks, and Asians accounted for 78%, 9%, and 4% of the U.S. older population Hispanics (of any race) were 8% of the population Number of white non-Hspanic OA is expected to increase by 50% (compared to 123% from other groups) Hispanics are the largest (and rapidly) growing older group
You know your client has reached a state of wellness when 1) As a 91-year-old, he still enjoys going out to dinner and dancing. 2) He bowls every week with his friends. 3) He still likes to go with his wife to the grocery store, although he has hip pain and uses a walker. 4) He continues to eat his green, leafy vegetables while taking Coumadin. 5) He says to you, "I have smoked all my life, and I am not going to stop now." 6) He says, "I am a devout Christian and believe that my God is with me always. I am not afraid of dying."
1) As a 91-year-old, he still enjoys going out to dinner and dancing. 2) He bowls every week with his friends. 3) He still likes to go with his wife to the grocery store, although he has hip pain and uses a walker. 6) He says, "I am a devout Christian and believe that my God is with me always. I am not afraid of dying."
As a nurse caring for clients, how do you see yourself advancing the care of older adults, which is so essential now and in the future? Select all that apply. 1) Enhancing interest and recruitment 2) Combating the consistent sense of apathy concerning the significance of nursing role models of care for older adults 3) Being a positive role model 4) Demonstrating a deep commitment in caring for the older adult 5) Promoting ageism 6) Preparing for geriatric nursing in a school setting
1) Enhancing interest and recruitment 3) Being a positive role model 4) Demonstrating a deep commitment in caring for the older adult 6) Preparing for geriatric nursing in a school setting Stimulating the interest in caring for older adults will increase the recruitment of new nurses. Appreciating the significant contribution of a nursing model of care to the well-being of older adults is often a motivating factor that draws nurses to this specialty. Having a positive outlook when caring for older adults will help demonstrate the importance of caring for older adults to both peers and new students. Avoiding negative remarks and ageism maintains positive outlooks and attitudes. Demonstrating a deep commitment to older adults helps encourage the advancement of caring for older adults. Promoting ageism will have a negative impact and will not advance the care of older adults. Preparing for geriatric nursing in a school setting is imperative in setting a foundation for caring for older individuals.
Healthy People 2020 has identified emerging issues and recommendations for the aging baby boomers and those in between. Which of the following are Healthy People 2020's recommendations? A) Coordinate care. B) Establish quantity measures. C) Research and analyze appropriate training to equip providers. D) Identify minimum levels of training for people who care for older adults.
A) Coordinate care. C) Research and analyze appropriate training to equip providers. D) Identify minimum levels of training for people who care for older adults. As individuals age and require more medical and social care, coordination of that care is essential to a healthy lifestyle. Analyzing research into the appropriate care of older adults is an important goal for maintaining their health. Training of individuals taking care of older adults is essential in assisting them to maintain their goal of a healthy lifestyle. One would want to establish QUALITY measurements to establish goals of healthy living.
The concept of balance, chi, and disturbances in balance that result in disharmony and illness are examples that demonstrate what type of health system? Naturalistic Personalistic Western Magic oreligious
A) Naturalistic The naturalistic or holistic health system - based on the concept of balance with its origin from the ancient civilizations of China, India, and Greece. Health is viewed as a sign of balance. Disturbances in this balance result in disharmony and illness. The personalistic health system - believes that actions of the supernatural cause illness. The Western or biomedical health system - believed to be the result of abnormalities in the structure and function of body organs and systems. The magico religious health system is similar to personalistic system and views health as a blessing or reward from God.
4. What are some of the requirements needed to receive a gerontological nursing certification?
Active RN license Practiced 2 years full time as an RN At least 2,000 hours (gero nursing in 3 years) At least 30 hours CE (gero nursing) in 3 years
1. A major impediment to providing competent nursing care due to prejudices and stereotypes that are applied to older people merely on the basis of their ag
Ageism
2) What are the projected trends for the number of people 65 and over in the US and 85 and over?
Amount of 65 y.o. has increased from 9% to 12% since 1994 Increase in 65 y.o. is expected to reach 21% by 2050 Number of 85 y.o. and over is expected to more than double between 2013 and 2060 (from 6 million to 14.6 million)
As a nurse today taking care of an older adult from a different culture, you would have a refined set of skills that would include all of the following EXCEPT Working with the client, not on the client. Listening carefully to the older adult for his or her perception of the situation. Being able to explain your perceptions clearly and nonjudgmentally. Developing a plan of action that takes both the client's and your perspectives into account and negotiates an outcome.
C) Being able to explain your perceptions clearly and nonjudgmentally. Working with clients involves them in their own care, making them a part of the team and showing respect for their opinions. Working on clients is one-sided and does not show respect for them. Listening carefully and paying attention to the nonverbal communication and meaning behind the stories give the nurse a full understanding of the older adult. As a nurse, you must be able to explain your perceptions clearly and without judgment. When both perspectives are taken into account and an outcome is negotiated, then both the nurse and the older adult have formed a working team, which is a win-win situation.
CROSS-CULTURAL AGING AND CARING To help nurses grow through their own ethnocentrism, nurses must develop all of the following EXCEPT A) Knowledge about ethnicity. B) Knowledge about cultures. C) Full dependence on verbal, facial, and body expressions to get their point across. D) Knowledge about another culture's health belief system.
C) Full dependence on verbal, facial, and body expressions to get their point across. Depending fully on verbal, facial, and body expressions is easily misunderstood, especially from cultural and ethnic perspectives. Learning about a new ethnicity is important in the care of today's clients. Accepting ethnic values and respecting them is even more important. Learning about a new culture is just as important as ethnicity. Recognizing and respecting the individual's health belief system will go a long way in providing quality treatment.
Ageism is a term used to describe discrimination and negative stereotypes that are based solely on age. From the following list, which statement does not reflect ageism? Anti-aging products Graphic portrayals mocking the ability of older adults Mandatory retirement policies Demonstrations of respect for the older adult
D) Demonstrations of respect for the OA Demonstrations of respect for the older adult do not reflect ageism. Respect is a fundamental right of all individuals. Anti-aging products are a multibillion-dollar industry that encourages everyone to remain young. Graphic portrayals that mock older adults are observed in cards, on billboards, and on television. Mandatory retirement policies implicate that older adults cannot handle having jobs.
What type of care is projected to be the fastest growing employment sector in the health care industry? Childcare Eldercare Adulthood Adolescent care End of Chp 5
Eldercare With older adults living longer, the rates of outpatient visits, hospitalizations, home care, and long-term care services are higher, necessitating the use of trained medical providers. The childcare industry is thriving; however, the older adult population is outdistancing the child population. Adulthood does not require the output of health care providers that eldercare does. Individuals in adulthood are usually healthier. Care of adolescents has not required an increase in health care providers.
As a nurse contemplating a future in gerontological nursing, you might plan on achieving a master's degree and becoming one of the following EXCEPT geriatric nurse generalist. gerontological nurse practitioner (GNP). advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) with gerontological certification. gerontological clinical nurse specialist (GCNS).
Geriatric nurse generalist. Geriatric nurse generalist functions in a variety of settings, from primary care to the community, and involves the individuals and their families. This certification does not require a master's or bachelor's degree. The GNP has earned a master's degree, performs all the functions of the generalist and has developed advanced clinical expertise. APRNs are educated, certified, and licensed solely within a specialty area, one of which is the adult gerontology nurse practitioner, which includes young adult to older adult. The GCNS focus is skilled nursing facilities that manage complex care of frail older adults.
As a nursing student who is interested in furthering his or her education in gerontological nursing, which of the following would be beneficial? Advancing Care Excellence for Seniors (ACES) Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing (HIGN) Geriatric Nursing Education Consortium (GNEC) Hartford Geriatric Nursing Initiative (HGNI)
Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing (HIGN) HIGN offers predoctoral and postdoctoral scholarships for study and research in geriatric nursing. The ACES is a 3-year grant that fosters gerontological nursing education in prelicensure programs for faculty education. The GNEC is educational curriculum and includes evidenced-based modules for senior level undergraduate level nursing courses. The HGNI prepares professional nurses to play leadership roles in improving the health of older adults. Obtaining a scholarship to attend school would be more beneficial.
4) How does life expectancy for men and women differ among different ethnic groups compared in the US?
Hispanic men and women have the longest life expectancy at birth out of all ethnicities 79 years (M) 84 years (F)
2. Older adults have a disproportionately larger need for this health care resource _____ compared to adults < 65
Hospital Care
When established in 1935, what effect did Social Security have by setting the retirement age at 65 years? It allowed older persons to work until they made the decision to stop. It set a time frame to describe someone as being old. It made it mandatory for all individuals to retire at 65 years of age. It made everyone realize that they could quit work at 65 years of age and live comfortably on the benefits.
It set a time frame to describe someone as being old. By setting 65 years of age as the time to collect benefits, Social Security set the tone of when one became "old." Older persons have always had the option to work until they decide to stop. Employers decide who is let go and who stays. Although a person can retire and collect Social Security benefits at 65 years of age, one does not have to collect the benefits or stop working. The benefits from Social Security were meant to act as a supplement to retirement accounts and savings. It was not meant to be a sole source of income. One cannot comfortably live on Social Security income only.
5) What are the 3 countries with the highest percentage of centenarians in their population?
Japan France UK
During an assessment of an older adult, which of the following would the nurse see as a priority? Listening as key to an assessment Using the Kleinman and associates model Attempting to preserve helpful beliefs and practices Providing ongoing assistance to persons who are physically or mentally ill
Listening as key to an assessment Listening is the key to any assessment. Actually hearing what the patient and family says sets a foundation on which to base an assessment. The model developed by Kleinman and associates helps health care professionals obtain basic information needed in a culturally sensitive manner. To do so, one must listen. Beliefs and practices need to be preserved whenever possible, and nurses should not attempt to change them. Listening to the beliefs of others is important to assist nurses when negotiating health, treatment, or prevention options. Ongoing assistance to persons who are physically and mentally ill requires ongoing assessments of which listening is paramount.
TRENDS IN AGING (Exam Prep BB) The marital status which best describes men over the age of 65 is: a. Divorced b. Widowed c. Married d. Single
MARRIED
3b. Females in the US population
Make up a larger proportion of OA population in the U.S Have longer life expectancies than men More likely TO BE SINGLE in old age Lower social status and education levels Less access to foods and healthcare
7) Behaviors of men
Men engage in more negative health behaviors Higher alcohol consumption and smoking More extensive life history of engaging in strenuous activity
7) These chronic conditions are most common among the youngest of the older generation or 'baby boomers' born between 1946 and 1964
Obesity Diabetes Arthritis Heart Disease Dementia
Factors that influence the aging experience include Retirement. grandchildren. chronic illness. lack of medical care. quality of life.
Retirement. grandchildren. chronic illness. lack of medical care. quality of life. Retirement could mean a loss of income or influence and either can affect how one lives. Grandchildren usually have a positive effect on the older individual and help to give purpose to the aging experience. Chronic illnesses influence the aging experience with hospitalizations and often homebound situations. Lack of medical care can lead to chronic illnesses, leading to spiraling downward health. The better the lifestyle, the better the aging experience. Having less to worry about and deal with lead to less depression and anxiety.
9) Well-being is strongly related to functional status and what other factors?
SES degree of Social Interaction Marital status** Aspects of one's living situation and environment
What book or journal provides a comprehensive overview of the scope of gerontological nursing for today's geriatric nurse? Nursing Research American Journal of Nursing Scope and Standards of Gerontological Nursing Practice Newton and Anderson's first textbook on nursing care of older adults
Scope and Standards of Gerontological Nursing Practice (The most recent edition of)
5. ____ was the major source of income for older adults in 2010
Social security
__ is the application of limited knowledge about one person with specific characteristics to other persons with the same characteristics. Ethnicity Stereotyping Ethnocentrism Health disparities
Stereotyping Stereotyping also limits the recognition of the heterogeneity of a group. Ethnicity is belonging to or deriving from the cultural, racial, religious, or linguistic traditions of a people or country. Ethnocentrism is the belief in the inherent superiority of one's ethnic group accompanied by the devaluation of other groups. Health disparities refer to the differences in the state of health and health outcomes among people.
Death rates among adults 65 and older have remained approximately the same since 1981 for which of the following leading causes of death? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Stroke Heart disease Cancer Diabetes mellitus Influenza and pneumonia
Stroke Cancer Diabetes mellitus Influenza and pneumonia
1) What is the demographic trend occurring globally comparing young (<5 y.o.) to old (65 y.o.)
The number of 65 year olds will be more than the number of 5 year olds By 2020, the number of people 60 y.o. and older worldwide outnumbered those younger than 5 y.o. at 2 billion (up from 900 million in 2015) Majority of those older than 60 (66%) live in less developed areas of the world, and with this % expected to grow 80% by 2050.
GEROTOLOGICAL NURSING & PROMOTION OF HEALTHY AGING As a gerontological nurse, you will know that more older adults live in nursing homes. rehabilitation centers. their own homes. hospitals.
Their own homes. Many older adults live in their own homes, retirement communities, and independent senior housing and attend adult day health programs, primary care clinics, and public health departments. Older adults prefer to age in place. Although it might seem that the majority of older individuals live in nursing homes, such is not the case. Many more live in community-based care settings. The percentage of older adults living in nursing homes is dropping each year. Rehabilitation centers are a step down from the hospital and are designed to prepare the older adult to return home. Hospitals are a temporary and acute care setting with limited days available before discharge.
8) Health in later life is often thought of in terms of functional ability rather than the absence of disease. What questions might you ask an older adult to assess their individual health?
What is IMPORTANT TO THE INDIVIDUAL -Ability to live independently -Enjoy grandchildren when they visit at the nursing hoome - ALWAYS individually determined
6) Do men or women make up the majority of Centenarians?
Women (4-5x more) -white women living in urban areas of southern states
Which of the following are significant negative outcomes of ageism that impact the health and well-being of older adults? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY a) Intentionally or unintentionally overlooking treatable health conditions due to age b) Under treatment of significant health conditions due to assumptions about how older adults view quality of life. c) Demonstrating negative attitudes towards aging when caring for older adults d) Lack of financial health coverage for older adults
a) Intentionally or unintentionally overlooking treatable health conditions due to age b) Under treatment of significant health conditions due to assumptions about how older adults view quality of life. c) Demonstrating negative attitudes towards aging when caring for older adults d) Lack of financial health coverage for older adults