OB 17

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of culture on stress?

Stress is equally bad for employees of all cultures.

Which of the following tactics for overcoming resistance to change is most likely to be beneficial when employees' fear and anxiety are high?

building support and commitment

"Buying off" the leaders of a resistance group by giving them a key role and seeking their advice not to find a better solution but to get their endorsement is an example of ________.

cooptation

A(n) ________ resistance to change clouds the link between the change and the reaction to it and may surface weeks, months, or even years later.

deferred

Stress is associated with _________ and _________.

demands; resources

Which of the following is a step in the appreciative inquiry process?

dreaming

Companies with strong cultures excel at implementing radical change.

false

During the "discovery" step of appreciative inquiry, participants write action plans and develop implementation strategies.

false

Office politics is an example of a challenge stressor.

false

John Kotter built on Lewin's three-step model to create a more detailed approach for implementing change. Which of the following steps in the Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change represents the "unfreezing" stage in the Lewin's three-step model?

Create a new vision to direct the change and strategies for achieving the vision

Which of the following is the first step in the Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change?

Establish a sense of urgency by creating a compelling reason for why change is needed.

Appreciative inquiry (AI) is an organizational development technique. Which of the following statements is true regarding appreciative inquiry?

It consists of four steps including discovery, dreaming, design, and destiny.

Who built on Lewin's three-step model to create a more detailed approach for implementing change?

John Kotter

Who developed a three-step model for change that included unfreezing, movement, and refreezing?

Kurt Lewin

Which of the following steps in the Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change represents the "movement" stage in the Lewin's three-step model?

Plan for, create, and reward short-term "wins" that move the organization toward the new vision.

Which of the following is the last step in the Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change?

Reinforce the changes by demonstrating the relationship between new behaviors and organizational success.

Research evidence indicates that hindrance stress improves job performance in a supportive work environment, whereas challenge stress reduces job performance in all work environments.

false

Research on organizational change has shown that, to be effective, change should take place as slowly as possible.

false

The restraining forces direct behavior away from the status quo.

false

Darg's team just had a research breakthrough. They'll need several thousands of dollars to complete the project. Darg has called a series of meetings in which he's promoting the significance of the new discovery, explaining the economic benefits that will result from the final project, and answering questions. Darg is a(n) ________ within his company.

idea champion

Selective information processing is a major force for resistance to change. It indicates that ________.

individuals hear what they want to hear and they ignore information that challenges the world they've created

________ is a new idea applied to initiating or improving a product, process, or service.

innovation

The management of a firm threatens to close a manufacturing plant whose employees are resisting an across-the-board pay cut. If the threat is untrue, the management is using ________.

manipulation

Which of the following is an organizational development technique that involves an outsider assisting a manager to identify what to improve and how?

process consultation

Which of the following actions can extinguish risk taking and innovation?

rewarding for the absence of failures rather than for the presence of successes

Paul is stressed with the new corporate reorganization. He now reports to a foreign office that has usurped many of his responsibilities, including the contract labor for his projects, therefore he's working with less qualified and new contractors with whom he doesn't have a relationship. However, the managers of the other departments find themselves in the same boat and every day they are able to laugh over lunch about their new managerial impotence. ________ is helping Paul handle his stress.

social support

After restructuring, your division has had trouble filling the open positions with appropriate candidates. The selection processes used by human resources have not yet adjusted to the new criteria required for the restructured job positions. This problem is an example of which kind of resistance to change?

structural inertia

All of the following strategies are organizational approaches to managing stress, except _________.

time management

Jill is overwhelmed with the new tasks that she has been assigned after the department merger. Every day, she arrives at work and makes a list of the new tasks, writes a number next to each one according to the urgency of completion, and schedules a time to complete each one. Although she's still stressed, Jill is able to get most of the work done and feels better at the end of the day. Jill is using ________ techniques to reduce her stress.

time-management

Idea champions display characteristics associated with ________ leadership.

transformational

Innovation is nurtured where there are slack resources.

true

Organizations and their members tend to resist change.

true

During the "dreaming" step of appreciative inquiry, participants ________.

use information from the discovery phase to speculate on possible futures