ob 2

Mason is highly satisfied with his job. He receives consistently strong evaluations and volunteers to train new employees. Mason exhibits positive job performance and

organizational citizenship behaviors

Discretionary individual behavior that promotes the effective functioning of the organization is called organizational citizenship behavior. ______ is an example of OCB.

respecting the spirit as well as the letter of housekeeping rules

The idea of perceived organizational support is that if treated well, employees are motivated by

the norm of reciprocity

Kim lives and works in a small town, even though she prefers life in a bigger city. She is quite dissatisfied with her current job and is thinking of leaving the organization. She is worried, however, about her ability to find other employment that pays as well as her current job. Additionally, she is concerned about finding another organization that offers college tuition reimbursement. Based on this information, Kim is experiencing

withdrawal cognitions

______ is an individual's overall thoughts and feelings about quitting.

withdrawal cognitions

Juliet often takes office supplies home for her personal use. This is an example of

CWB

In some cases, coworkers or friends remain satisfied in situations where others always seem dissatisfied. This is a reflection of the _____ model.

dispositional/genetic

________ is the harnessing of organization members' selves to their work roles.

employee engagement

Which of the following is not a key workplace attitude that managers should track?

turnover

Which of the following is not a factor in contributing to employee engagement? A. high levels of conscientiousness

high levels of stress

Horatio loves extreme sports and works as white-water rafting instructor. This reflects the values in the ____________ dimension of Schwartz's model.

openness to change

The self-transcendence part of Schwartz's model is composed of

universalism and benevolence

Elaine often volunteers to help others when they run into problems with their projects. She is very positive, always on time, and never calls in sick. Exhibiting ________ is likely to create positive impressions among Elaine's colleagues and manager.

OCB

When Daniel's daughter got seriously ill, his boss Kyle and fellow employees went to the HR department and arranged to donate some of their sick leave to him so he could spend more time with his family. Daniel is most likely to be experiencing

POS

_________ are both elements of hedonism.

Self-enhancement and openness to change

Jane hates the idea of child labor. She works for a company that claims that it doesn't employ children. However, news reports accuse the company of employing young children overseas. ______ is the psychological discomfort that Jane is experiencing since she heard this news.

cognitive dissonance

_________ is the psychological process that arouses our interest in doing something.

motivation

______ is the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals.

organizational commitment

You value achievement and your employer rewards people for accomplishing goals, so you are very committed to the company. _____ fit is the consistency between personal and company values.

person-culture

Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) harms other employees, the organization as a whole, and/or organizational stakeholders such as customers and shareholders. Which of the following is an example of CWB?

presenting poor financial results at the quarterly meeting

Janice creates advertising slogans for the advertising firm that employs her. She works with beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what she is entitled to receive in return for what she provides to the organization. A(n) ________ represents Janice's beliefs.

psychological contract

Which of the following is not a suggestion for managers who want to reduce voluntary turnover?

reward all employees equally

Genevieve is a very religious person who does volunteer work for her church on weekends. When it came to selecting who would chair the United Fund drive for the department, her manager immediately thought of her and asked her to serve. The manager's action reflects the __________ model of job satisfaction.

value attainment

The _________ model suggests that managers should structure the work environment and rewards to match employees.

value attainment

. Schwartz's model suggests that

values may conflict with each other

Angela works for a company that does not provide good health benefits or career opportunities. Her _____ is most likely to be negative.

POS

Values represent beliefs that influence behaviors _____________; attitudes relate to behavior __________.

across all situations; toward specific targets

. The president of American Systems announces that all employees will be going on a trip to San Francisco. Some employees like the idea and some don't. According to the _________ component of attitudes, these evaluations reflect the feelings of the employees.

affective

Sally doesn't complain to a man smoking in the nonsmoking section of a restaurant because it doesn't bother her. This lack of irritation reflects the ______ component of her attitude. She is neutral toward people smoking in restaurants.

affective

The components of attitudes include

affective, cognitive, behavioral

. The head of ABC Company announces that the company is going to start a weekend project teaching self-defense techniques to underprivileged kids in the neighborhood. Thomas decides to register for the project, as he is a trained kickboxer. This action of Thomas reflects the __________ component of his attitude.

behavioral

Dawn is at the playground with her four-year-old daughter. The father of another child is yelling and cursing at him. Dawn decides to tell the father to stop the verbal abuse or leave the playground, or she will call the authorities. Dawn's behavior reflects the _______ component of her attitude.

behavioral

According to research, the relationship between job performance and job satisfaction is best summarized by which of the following statements?

both variables indirectly influence each other

Tony believes that cell phone use—even in restaurants—helps people manage their busy lives. Tony's belief reflects the __________ component of his attitude.

cognitive

As a senior student representative on the ethics advisory board of your university, you feel strongly that cheating on college exams is unethical. You never cheated on any exam. However, this semester your best friend was desperate for your help, and you allowed him to take a quick "peek" at your answer sheet. Since then, you feel uncomfortable every time you think of the situation. Which of the following concepts best explains your psychological discomfort?

cognitive dissonance

Which of the following is not one of the predominant models of the causes of job satisfaction?

cognitive dissonance

_________ is the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions

cognitive dissonance

______ is defined by restraint of actions, inclinations, and impulses likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or norms.

conformity

Samuel values his tradition and conformity. Not surprisingly, family time is very important to him. His employer, Stillman & Sons, expects him to work on holidays. Stillman & Sons and Samuel do not share the values of

conservation

_____ is defined by order, self-restriction, preservation of the past, and resistance to change.

conservation

Mark marches to the beat of his own drummer, while Simon plans on following in his father's footsteps. Mark is open to change, while Simon embraces

conversation

Eleanor wants to be sure that the final team project in a senior capstone course is of top quality. Jerome, another team member, just wants to get it done quickly. Using Alzen's model, what can Eleanor do to try and encourage Jerome to work hard?

create a positive attitude

Research shows that when an organization breaches a psychological contract,

employees are likely to be less committed and satisfied and more likely to quit, and their performance is likely to be lower.

Maria focuses on community volunteerism, while Anna focuses on getting a promotion at work. _____ are represented by Maria's and Anna's focuses.

endpoints of one of the dimensions of values

Kiki is a manager of a small boutique gift store. She only has two employees, Tim and Sandra. Tim is a part-time student and is happy with the amount of work he has at the store. Sandra works full-time, but seems to be less interested and increasingly remote at work. Kiki asks Sandra if anything is wrong, and Sandra says she is bored and thinking of leaving. Kiki knows that Sandra paints as a hobby and suggests that she might want to take over the store and window displays. Sandra is really excited about the opportunity. This is an example of a manager who is

enhancing the employee's job satisfaction

Luis has just learned that Brian, who has less experience and who does less work, receives a higher salary. Since learning this, Luis has been very unhappy and has started to look for another job. What model of job satisfaction best explains Luis's reactions?

equity

The idea underlying the __________ model is that satisfaction is tied to how fairly an individual is treated at work

equity

Waco Company monitors employees' perceptions of fairness by quarterly surveys and occasional focus groups. Management is following the _____ model.

equity

Job satisfaction across the United States has gone up, according to a national survey conducted by the Society for Human Resource Management. The top three facets of satisfaction include

feeling safe at work, having good relationships with coworkers, and having a good relationship with an immediate supervisor.

Chris, a manager, knows that one of his employees values achievement and power. Chris should assign the employee to a job that includes

high influence over others

As demonstrated by research, ___________ is positively related to organizational citizenship behavior.

higher performance ratings and lower organizational costs

___________ are the key links between ___________ in Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior.

intentions; attitudes and planned behavior

Low job satisfaction and low employee engagement can lead to

low task performance

Carlos works at Tyner Construction Company as an assistant project manager. His manager assured him that if his projects came in on time and under budget, he would be promoted within a year. At nine months, Carlo is promoted to project manager. This is an example of

met expectations

________ are physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior. A. Attitudes

needs

. Tanya believes that people should be kind to each other. She notices that Ellie is picking on a new employee, Michele. Tanya asks Ellie to stop bullying Michele, but Ellie's behavior doesn't change. Tanya confronts Ellie and a heated argument ensues, after which Tanya suggests that Ellie transfer to another department. In this case, Tanya's ________ are different from her values.

personal beliefs

Lennie loves her job at Vail Corporation. She is even a community ambassador. Lennie exhibits all of the following qualities except

pessimism

Claire works for Content Consultants. She telecommutes and has great flexibility in her work schedule. In return, Content Consultants expects to have satisfied clients who hire them again. Claire receives consistently high evaluations. Despite that, the company now wants her to work out of the main office. Claire feels that Content Consultants has breached a(n)

psychological contract

Trevor is an overachiever. His brother calls him ambitious and power hungry. Trevor exemplifies the _______ dimension.

self-enhancement

The two basic dimensions of Schwartz's model of values are

self-enhancement/ self-trancendence and openness to change/conservation

Carla will graduate from her business program next month. She is happiest in jobs where she doesn't know what will be waiting for her when she gets to work, and she excels at problem solving. Carla needs a career that involves

stimulation

______ is one element that allows employees to balance their work lives and family lives.

telecommuting

Jason is working at Sushow Motors. The position, as originally described, involved conducting research with customers. Instead, Jason is answering phones and filing. He's very unhappy and thinks he should find another job. This thought process is

withdrawal cognition