OB 5

47. Content theories of motivation mainly focus on the physiological and psychological deficiencies that people feel a compulsion to reduce or eliminate.

True

48. Both equity theory and expectancy theory are classified as process theories.

True

49. Maslow's social needs tend to be more important in more collectivist societies like Mexico, thereby challenging the structured approach to the pyramid across cultures.

True

50. In McClelland's motivation theory, the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power are developed over time, as a result of life experiences.

True

52. An example of commutative justice occurs when all parties in a sexual harassment complaint perceive themselves as having full access to all the available facts and information.

True

53. Vroom's expectancy theory argues that work motivation is determined by an individual's beliefs regarding the linkage between effort and performance, the linkage between performance and work outcomes, and the value placed on those work outcomes.

True

55. Research indicates that general goals are much more motivational than specific goals.

True

56. In a management by objectives approach, the supervisor and subordinate jointly establish performance goals, individually act, and jointly evaluate results and recycle the MBO process.

True

58. Management by objectives is criticized for placing too much emphasis on goal-oriented rewards and punishments, top-down goals, goals that are easily stated in objective terms, and individual instead of group goals.

True

64. Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power? a) Acquired needs theory b) Hierarchy of needs theory c) Two-factor theory d) Motivation-hygiene theory e) ERG theory

a) Acquired needs theory

68. Which equation correctly reflects Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence b) Motivation = expectancy X equity X rewards c) Motivation = expectancy + equity + rewards d) Motivation = expectancy X rewards X valence e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence

a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence

67. Social comparison is the basic foundation of which theory? a) Reinforcement b) Equity c) Expectancy d) Goal setting e) ERG

b) Equity

61. Process theories of motivation focus on which of the following? a) How a person will respond to types of leadership direction b) How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior c) When a person will react to specific management styles d) Who will be a more appropriate manager for an employee e) What work environment will suit an employee's personality better

b) How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior

59. In the context of motivation, level refers to __________. a) the length of time a person sticks with a given action b) the amount of effort a person puts forth c) an individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives d) the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy e) the consequences of an individual's behavior

b) the amount of effort a person puts forth

63. Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory? a) Expectations, relationships, and goals b) Equity, reinforcers, and goals c) Existence, relatedness, and growth d) Existence, relatedness, and goals e) Esteem, relationships, and growth

c) Existence, relatedness, and growth

62. Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's needs from the lowest (lower-order need) to the highest (higher-order need)? a) Safety, social, physiological, esteem, and self-actualization b) Esteem, safety, social, physiological, and self-actualization c) Social, esteem, self-actualization, physiological, and safety d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization e) Physiological, social, safety, self-actualization, and esteem

d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization

65. Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. a) achievement b) self esteem c) affiliation d) power e) relatedness

d) power

60. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory.

e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory.

66. All of the following statements describe hygiene factors in the two-factor theory EXCEPT: a) hygiene factors are associated with the job context or work setting. b) hygiene factors are sources of job dissatisfaction. c) hygiene factors involve the work setting or the environment in which people work. d) improving hygiene factors will prevent people from being dissatisfied. e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work.

e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work.

51. According to Herzberg, hygiene factors are sources of job satisfaction and motivator factors are sources of job dissatisfaction.

False

54. In expectancy theory, instrumentality is the probability that work effort will be followed by a given level of performance accomplishment.

False

57. Task feedback, or knowledge of results, overwhelms employees with information and reduces employee motivation toward higher performance.

False