OB 6301 CHAPTER 6
According to the job characteristics model, what characteristic most directly contributes to the psychological state of responsibility?
Autonomy
According to the job characteristics model, which of the following contributes directly to a feeling of increased responsibility?
Autonomy
Which of the following is an individual reward?
Commission
Which of the following would be considered job status-based rewards?
Company car Larger office
Which rewards system motivates employees to learn new skills?
Competencies
Which rewards system motivates employees to learn new skills?
Competency-based
Which of the following is the BEST description of scientific management?
Dividing a job into small elements and assigning those tasks to employees who are best qualified to perform them
Which of the following allows employees to buy shares of stock in the company either at a discounted price or through a no-interest loan provided by the company?
Employee stock ownership plan
Which of the following work environment factors would support self-leadership?
Employees have some degree of autonomy
Self-leadership behaviors are more frequently found in people with higher levels of which dimensions of the Five Factor Model (FFM)?
Extroversion Conscientiousness
True or false: Employees always value monetary rewards over other forms of reward
False
Which of the following reward plans focuses on achieving cost reductions and increasing labor efficiency?
Gainsharing
Employees at CyberTech perform repetitive jobs that have resulted in boredom as well as repetitive strain injury. Technology makes it difficult to combine existing jobs, but the company wants to make employees more multiskilled. Which of the following would best help CyberTech to improve this situation?
Introduce job rotation
Which statements are true about self-leadership?
It can improve results in physical tests. It can help workers self-monitor safety practices. It produces good results across cultures.
Which of the following are true of job specialization?
It may have a negative effect on worker motivation. It improves the mechanical efficiency of work. It can result in absenteeism and turnover.
Which model identifies core job dimensions that produce psychological states which then affect employees' motivation, satisfaction, and effectiveness?
Job characteristics model
________ is the process of assigning tasks to a job.
Job design
What type of reward system uses job evaluation?
Job status-based rewards
According to the job characteristics model, skill variety, task significance, and task identity directly contribute to which critical psychological state?
Meaningfulness
Which of the following rewards represents the largest portion of most individuals' paychecks?
Membership/seniority-based rewards
is the process of mentally practicing a task and visualizing its successful completion.
Mental imagery
Which organizational-level reward plan has the advantage of automatically adjusting employee compensation with the firm's prosperity?
Profit-sharing plan
Which of the following are organizational and work-context factors that influence psychological empowerment?
Providing easy access to needed information and resources Trusting employees and be willing to take the risks that empowerment creates Establishing a learning orientation culture
If a company wished to align rewards with performance that is within an employee's control, which of the following rewards would be most appropriate?
Rewarding factory employees for meeting production output standards
Employees are much more likely to experience which element of empowerment when they are working in jobs with a high degree of autonomy and minimal bureaucratic control?
Self-determination
Freedom, independence and discretion over one's work activities are important elements in which dimension of empowerment?
Self-determination
______ is the practice of intentionally influencing your thoughts, feelings and behaviors in order to achieve your objectives.
Self-leadership
is the practice of intentionally influencing your thoughts, feelings and behaviors in order to achieve your objectives.
Self-leadership
Your professor has provided several practice assignments to help you prepare for the final exam. These assignments provide you with immediate feedback on your mastery of the concepts and enables which element of self-leadership?
Self-monitoring
Which of the following does scientific management include?
Systematically dividing a job into its smallest possible elements and assigning these divided tasks to employees who are best qualified to perform them
________ is the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole or identifiable piece of work, such as assembling an entire broadband modem rather than just soldering in the circuitry.
Task identity
Which of the following core job characteristics contribute to the job's meaningfulness?
Task identity Task significance Skill variety
hich of the following core job characteristics contribute to the job's meaningfulness?
Task identity Task significance Skill variety
True or false: Job specialization can lead to lower work quality.
True
In designing reward systems, in what ways can companies improve the pay-performance linkage?
Using objective performance measures Applying rewards soon after the performance occurs
According to the job characteristics model, a college professor who is required to use a certain textbook and follow a prescribed syllabus and must administer a mandatory number of tests would likely have low
autonomy
Which core job characteristic(s) affect(s) experienced responsibility for work outcomes?
autonomy
he job characteristics model identifies five core job characteristics: skill variety, task identity, task significance, job feedback, and
autonomy
An individual reward system in which employees earn compensation based upon sales volume is referred to as ______.
commission
The dimension of empowerment in which employees are confident about their ability to perform the work well and grow with new challenges is
competence
The four dimensions of empowerment are self-determination, meaning, impact, and
competence
Tyler works for a financial services firm as a customer service representative. When he earned his certification in customer service, he earned a raise. He went on to achieve his FLMI designation and received another raise. This is an example of a ______ rewards system.
competency-based
Which of the following motivates employees to continuously learn skills that will keep them employed?
competency-based rewards
Several studies have suggested that ______ improve individual performance in sports-related activities.
constructive thought patterns
The process of assigning tasks to a job, including the interdependency of those tasks with other jobs, is known as job
design
One issue with membership and seniority-based rewards is that they
do not directly motivate job performance
Empowerment includes all of the following characteristics except
effort
One disadvantage of job specialization is that
employees often do not see where their job fits in the overall production output
Alexis works as a receptionist at a large dental practice. She schedules patient appointments, makes reminder calls, and sends out cards reminding patients to schedule checkups. Her job has been redesigned so that she also enters payments in the accounting system. This is an example of job
enlargement
Sofia works as a customer service representative for a financial services firm. She handles phone calls from clients regarding variable annuities. Her job has been changed so that she can also take calls from clients regarding fixed annuities. This is an example of job
enlargement
Jamal is a customer service representative at a local credit union. He has been handling customer deposits and disbursements. His job has changed so that he can now assist customers with completing loan applications, and he has the authority to approve small, short-term loans. This is an example of job
enrichment
Job ______ is the practice of giving employees more responsibility for scheduling, coordinating, and planning their own work
enrichment
Employee-of-the-Month winners at Davenport Properties can choose from a set of rewards, including a cash bonus, paid time-off, or a gift certificate at a local restaurant. This improves reward effectiveness by
ensuring the rewards are valued
Employee-of-the-Month winners at Davenport Properties can choose from a set of rewards, including a cash bonus, paid time-off, or a gift certificate at a local restaurant. This improves reward effectiveness by ______.
ensuring the rewards are valued
The approach to job enrichment that puts employees in direct contact with customers instead of using supervisors as a go-between is known as
establishing client relationships
Job ______ involves systematically rating the worth of jobs within an organization by measuring the skills, effort, responsibility and working conditions of the jobs.
evaluation
Research suggests that self-leadership behaviors are more frequently found in people with higher levels of conscientiousness and
extroversion
Companies should seek to improve the pay-performance linkage by utilizing subjective performance measures in reward systems.
false
According to the job characteristics model, there are ______ core job characteristics that affect critical psychological states which in turn influence work outcomes.
five
A reward system that calculates bonuses from the work unit's cost savings and productivity improvement is known as a(n) ______ plan.
gainsharing
Hoffman Company offers warehouse workers a $.25 increase in their hourly wage the following month if they exceed production criteria by 10% or more. This is an example of a(n)
gainsharing plan
People in countries that have ______ tend to have high levels of respect and priority for money.
high power distance
People in countries with ________ tend to have a high respect and priority for money.
high power distance
Team rewards are better than individual rewards when employees work in highly
interdependent jobs
Team rewards are better than individual rewards when employees work in highly interdependent jobs because
it is difficult to measure individual performance in these situations
A(n) ______ is a set of tasks performed by one person.
job
The degree to which employees can tell how well they are performing on the basis of direct sensory information from the job itself is known as
job feedback
Team-based rewards are most appropriate when
job results rely on the cooperative effort of multiple people jobs are highly interdependent
One of the disadvantages of membership and seniority-based rewards is that they ______.
may weaken job performance by generating continuance rather than affective commitment
Which of the following psychological empowerment dimensions is possessed by employees when they care about their work and believe that what they do is important?
meaning
According to a number of studies, men and women view the meaning of money differently in that ______.
men view money as a symbol of status
Before making an important presentation to the Board of Directors, Philippe visualizes himself stepping smoothly through his speech and effectively answering the Board's questions. This is an example of
mental imagery
Rather than have several workers each perform a separate part of a whole job, Jackson Management has redesigned jobs so that each worker performs the entire job. This approach to job enrichment is called
natural grouping
For rewards to be relevant, they should be tied to
performance within the employee's control
The first step in self-leadership is
personal goal setting
The type of organizational-level reward in which employees receive a percentage of the organization's previous year's profits is called a
profit sharing plan
An organizational reward plan in which employees of a company receive a portion of the company's profits as determined by an agreed-upon formula is known as a(n) ______ plan.
profit-sharing
One of the limitations of ESOPs, profit-sharing plans and stock options is that they
provide a weak link between individual effort and company and/or stock performance
A perceptual and emotional state in which people experience more self-determination, meaning, competence, and impact regarding their role in the organization is known as
psychological empowerment
Most job evaluation methods use three criteria to determine the "worth" of a job within the organization: the skill/effort required, working conditions, and level of
responsibility
Alyssa works in the accounting department for a large automotive parts supplier. During the first week of each month, she works in Accounts Payable. During the second week, she works in Accounts Receivable, and then in Payroll in the third week. This enables her to have skills in multiple areas and gives her employer more staffing flexibility. This practice is referred to as job
rotation
The practice of moving employees from one job to another is referred to as job
rotation
Systematically partitioning work into its smallest elements and standardizing tasks to achieve maximum efficiency is referred to as
scientific management
Systematically partitioning work into its smallest elements and standardizing tasks to achieve maximum efficiency is referred to as ______.
scientific management
The process of influencing yourself to establish the self-direction and self-motivation needed to perform a task is referred to as
self-leadership
The process of keeping track of your progress towards a goal by using naturally occurring feedback is known as
self-monitoring
After studying for her final exam all afternoon, Kate decided to reward herself by going out for some frozen yogurt. This instance is an example of
self-reinforcement
Catrina decided to do a more enjoyable task after completing a task that she disliked. This instance is an example of
self-reinforcement
You hate to balance your checkbook every month, so you decide that you'll spend some time playing your favorite online game when you're done. This instance is an example of
self-reinforcement
The elements of self-leadership include the processes of
self-reinforcement personal goal setting self-monitoring
Before she starts the cumulative final exam in her organizational behavior course, Rachel tells herself, "You're ready. You know this stuff. You can ace this test." This is an example of
self-talk
To shore up her confidence before an important presentation, Janeen tells herself, "You know more about this subject than anyone else in the room. Get out there and prove it." This is an example of
self-talk
Which of the following are included under constructive thought strategies in self-leadership?
self-talk and mental imagery
What Johanna loves best about her job is that every day brings new challenges and she can use different skills and talents to complete her tasks. According to the job characteristics model, this is an example of
skill variety
At an automotive assembly plant, one worker tightens the bolts on a windshield wiper assembly, and the vehicle moves along the assembly line to the next worker, who then fastens the blades to the wiper assembly. This is an example of job
specialization
The subdivision of work into separate jobs assigned to different people is referred to as job
specialization
The subdivision of work into separate jobs assigned to different people is referred to as job ______.
specialization
A plan that gives an employee the right (but not the obligation) to purchase company stock at a predetermined price within a predetermined period of time is known as a(n) ______ plan.
stock option
As part of his compensation package, Jack has been awarded the opportunity to purchase up to 200 shares of stock in his company for $17.50 per share, but he must complete this purchase by the end of 2014. This is an example of a(n)
stock option
One strategy to support psychological empowerment is to enhance ________, which refers to changing the workplace conditions or environment.
structural empowerment
Tasha works at a start-up company, and there are few written procedures that guide the completion of her job. As a result, she often has to rely on her own judgment rather than written guidelines to decide how to complete her work. Based on this description, it would appear that Tasha has a job with low
task analyzability
According to the job characteristics model, the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole or identifiable piece of work is known as
task identity
Closely related to the core job characteristic of skill variety is ______, the predictability or pattern of job duties from one day to the next.
task variability
The job design model that relates the motivational properties of jobs to specific personal and organizational consequences of those properties is known as
the job characteristics model
True or false: Self-leadership is dependent on both the individual and the situation.
true
Studies have shown that performance-based rewards
will motivate most employees but only under the right conditions