OCE ch 1

The average depth of the world's oceans is approximately ________. 5,280 meters (17,323 feet) 3,682 meters (12,080 feet) 11,022 meters (36,161 feet) 840 meters (2,756 feet) 2,172 meters (7,126 feet)

3,682 meters (12,080 feet)

Earth is about: 4.6 billion years old. 400,000 years old. 4.6 million years old. 6,000 years old. 40 billion years old.

4.6 billion years old.

Archeological evidence suggests that boat technology was developed about ________ years ago. 40,000 400,000 5,000 4,000,000

40,000

The four principal ocean basins (plus an additional ocean) on Earth are the: Atlantic, Antarctic, Southern, Mediterranean, and Pacific Oceans. Atlantic, Arctic, Mediterranean, Southern, and Pacific Oceans. Antarctic, Arctic, Indian, Pacific, and Southern Oceans. Antarctic, Caspian, Southern, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans.

Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans

Trilobites were dominant during which geologic period? Permian Ordovician Devonian Jurassic Cambrian

Cambrian

Which of the following parts of Polynesia was populated last? Hawaiian Islands Marquesas Easter Island New Zealand Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa

Easter Island

Who is credited with being the first person to accurately determine Earth's circumference? Claudius Ptolemy Eratosthenes Christopher Columbus Erik Thorvaldson Pytheas

Eratosthenes

The first person we are aware of who determined the circumference of the Earth using trigonometry and the angle of sunlight at Alexandria, Egypt, was: Seneca. Pytheas. Ptolemy. Herodotus. Eratosthenes.

Eratosthenes.

Who was killed in the Philippines during his last sea voyage after a skirmish with local people? Prince Henry the Navigator James Cook Vasco da Gama Ferdinand Magellan Giovanni Caboto

Ferdinand Magellan

What happened to the nebular gas that remained from the formation of the planets and their satellites? It escaped into the vacuum of space. It condensed to form Earth's ocean. It was blown away by the solar wind. It is about 10% of the modern earth atmosphere.

It was blown away by the solar wind.

The explorer who advanced oceanography by introducing systematic soundings, or depth measurements, was __________. View Available Hint(s) Jacques Piccard James Cook James Cameron Leif Erikson Christopher Columbus

James Cook

Who left Spain in September 1519 and became the first person to complete a circumnavigation of the globe when he returned to Spain three years later? Vasco da Gama Giovanni Caboto Vasco Nunez de Balboa Juan Sebastian del Caño Ferdinand Magellan

Juan Sebastian del Caño

Of the following statements about density stratification, which is/are true? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) The origin of Earth's oceans and atmosphere are a result of density stratification. Density stratification caused the oxygen crisis on Earth. Outgassing is a direct result of density stratification. Density stratification has caused the highest-density material to be found at Earth's core. The time periods of the geological time scale are based on events caused by density stratification. Density stratification has caused Earth's internal structure to be layered.

Outgassing is a direct result of density stratification. Density stratification has caused the highest-density material to be found at Earth's core. Density stratification has caused Earth's internal structure to be layered.

The first recorded circumnavigation of Africa was made by the ________. Phoenicians Polynesians Greeks Chinese

Phoenicians

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. John Cabot Ferdinand Magellan Ptolemy Vasco de Gama Christopher Columbus

Ptolemy

The method of determining latitude in the Northern Hemisphere by measuring the angle between an observer's line of site to the North Star and line of site to the northern horizon was developed by: Pytheas. Herodotus. Seneca. Eratosthenes. Ptolemy.

Pytheas.

Which of the following ideas support our current scientific understanding of the development of life on Earth? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) The most primitive life on Earth needed sunlight to metabolize food. The "prebiotic soup" of the primitive oceans provided favorable conditions for life to develop. As life evolved it significantly changed Earth's environment. Early organisms evolved into more-complex organisms over geologic time. Primitive life likely existed without the need for oxygen.

The "prebiotic soup" of the primitive oceans provided favorable conditions for life to develop. As life evolved it significantly changed Earth's environment. Early organisms evolved into more-complex organisms over geologic time. Primitive life likely existed without the need for oxygen. EVERYTHING EXCEPT " THE MOST PRIMITIVE LIFE ON EARTH"

Based on definition, it is more appropriate to consider which ocean as a sea? The Pacific Ocean The Atlantic Ocean The Indian Ocean The Arctic Ocean The Antarctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean

Which ocean is the shallowest ocean in the world? The Pacific Ocean The Atlantic Ocean The Indian Ocean The Arctic Ocean The Antarctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean

How did the Moon form? The Moon erupted from the Earth leaving a scar at the Pacific Ocean. The Moon was captured by the gravitational pull of the Earth. The Moon formed due to the impact of a Mars-sized body with the Earth. The Moon formed at the same time as the Earth due to simultaneous accretion.

The Moon formed due to the impact of a Mars-sized body with the Earth.

Which ocean covers more than half of the ocean surface area on Earth? The Pacific Ocean The Atlantic Ocean The Indian Ocean The Southern Ocean The Antarctic Ocean

The Pacific Ocean

Which ocean is the deepest ocean in the world? The Pacific Ocean The Atlantic Ocean The Indian Ocean The Southern Ocean The Antarctic Ocean

The Pacific Ocean

Of the following statements about the asthenosphere, which is/are true? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) The asthenosphere is composed of liquid molten rock. The asthenosphere is composed of solid rocks associated with the rigid mantle. The asthenosphere consists partially of crust and partially of mantle. The asthenosphere will fracture under extreme pressure. The asthenosphere is a highly viscous layer located beneath the lithosphere. The asthenosphere is very hot and contains areas of partially molten rock.

The asthenosphere is a highly viscous layer located beneath the lithosphere. The asthenosphere is very hot and contains areas of partially molten rock.

According to the Geologic Time Scale, which selection lists the correct order of coexistence, from earliest to latest? View Available Hint(s) Insects and dinosaurs, trilobites and amphibians, dinosaurs and birds, flowering plants and fishes, humans and reptiles Trilobites and amphibians, insects and dinosaurs, dinosaurs and birds, flowering plants and fishes, humans and reptiles Trilobites and amphibians, dinosaurs and birds, insects and dinosaurs, flowering plants and fishes, humans and reptiles Trilobites and amphibians, insects and dinosaurs, flowering plants and fishes, dinosaurs and birds, humans and reptiles Trilobites and amphibians, insects and dinosaurs, dinosaurs and birds, humans and reptiles, flowering plants and fishes

Trilobites and amphibians, insects and dinosaurs, dinosaurs and birds, flowering plants and fishes, humans and reptiles

Who is credited with being the first European to see the Pacific Ocean? Juan Sebastian del Caño Ferdinand Magellan Vasco da Gama Vasco Nunez de Balboa James Cook

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

The important contribution to navigation made by Eratosthenes in the third century BC was __________. View Available Hint(s) a reasonably accurate calculation of the circumference of our planet devising a means of fixing longitude while at sea discovery of a trade route from Europe around the African continent to India exploration outside the Mediterranean and into the North Atlantic Ocean

a reasonably accurate calculation of the circumference of our planet

Radioactive materials can sometimes be used to determine the: metamorphism. formation method. ages of rocks. chemical composition of rocks. origin of rocks.

ages of rocks.

The nebular hypothesis suggests that: the moon is derived from a protoplanet. all bodies in the solar system formed from an enormous gas cloud. galaxies such as the Milky Way form independent of one another. the Earth was formed by a cosmic explosion, a "big bang." Earth's moon is an asteroid captured by the Earth's gravity.

all bodies in the solar system formed from an enormous gas cloud.

Isostatic adjustments are the result of the buoyancy of Earth's lithosphere as it floats on the ________ below which is denser and plastic like. asthenosphere outer core mesosphere inner core

asthenosphere

Oceanic crust is primarily: carbonate sedimentary rocks. basalt. siltstone. granite. clay minerals.

basalt

According to the fossil record on Earth, the earliest-known life-forms lived in sea floor rocks about 3.5 ________ years ago. trillion billion million thousand

billion

Earth's atmosphere became oxygen rich about 2.45 ________ years ago. million thousand trillion billion

billion

Evidence suggests that the Sun and the rest of the solar system formed about five ________ years ago. trillion million thousand billion

billion

One of the reasons that free oxygen in our atmosphere is important to the development and maintenance of life on Earth is because oxygen: reduces atmospheric temperature. was very abundant in Earth's early atmosphere. is necessary for photosynthesis to occur. can form ozone and block some UV radiation. combines with iron in volcanic rocks

can form ozone and block some UV radiation.

Earth's early atmosphere most likely included: nitrogen, ozone, and sulfur dioxide. hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. carbon dioxide, water vapor, ammonia, and methane. ammonia, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. all the above.

carbon dioxide, water vapor, ammonia, and methane.

Although Earth's oceans have existed since early in the formation of the planet, its ________ must have changed. color distribution chemical composition physical state textural makeup

chemical composition

The separation of the Earth into layers while it was molten was the result of the: presence of water at Earth's surface. initial collection of materials and their position in Earth. decrease in temperature downward toward the core. gravitational force created by the rotating Earth. differing densities of the elements that make up the Earth

differing densities of the elements that make up the Earth

The study of the structure of the sea floor and how the sea floor has changed through time is an example of ________ oceanography. archaeological chemical physical geological biological

geological

A cometary model of the formation of Earth's ocean must include the chemical difference between the ________ in comet ice and that in Earth's water. oxygen hydrogen nitrogen carbon

hydrogen

A tentative, testable statement about the general nature of a phenomenon is called a/an: hypothesis. observation. guess. theory. law.

hypothesis

Earth's second atmosphere formed from ________. comet vaporization outgassing leftover gases from the nebula the Sun's solar wind

outgassing

The study of the transmission of light and sound in the oceans is an example of ________ oceanography. archaeological physical geological biological chemical

physical

Earth's current atmosphere supports animal life because __________. View Available Hint(s) plant photosynthesis has provided carbon dioxide the oceans have provided water vapor bacterial action has produced essential methane plant photosynthesis provides oxygen that is critical for aerobic respiration volcanic outgassing produced essential nitrogen and argon

plant photosynthesis provides oxygen that is critical for aerobic respiration

Our world ocean can be divided into four principal oceans plus an additional ocean, based on the ________ of the ocean basins and the ________ of the continents. size; shape shape; position depth; elevation position; latitude

shape; position

The largest geographic feature on the surface of Planet Earth is __________. View Available Hint(s) the Pacific Ocean Africa the Antarctic ice cap the Atlantic Ocean Eurasia

the Pacific Ocean

Plate tectonics and evolution, which are held with a high degree of confidence because of rigorous testing and verification, are examples of: guesses. theories. laws. observations. hypotheses.

theories

Compared to continental crust, oceanic crust is generally __________. View Available Hint(s) thicker, less dense, lighter in color, and higher in elevation thicker, denser, darker in color, and at lower elevations thicker, less dense, darker in color, and lower in elevation thinner, less dense, lighter in color, and higher in elevation thinner, denser, darker in color, and at lower elevations

thinner, denser, darker in color, and at lower elevations

Current scientific knowledge indicates that the most likely origin of most of Earth's oceans was due to ________. comets from outer space water-bearing minerals found in meteorites release of liquid water from the core water vapor released from volcanic outgassing

water vapor released from volcanic outgassing