OCE1001 FSU Chapter 5 Study Module

What happens to pH in the cases of the following formulas?

a. increases pH (basic) b. decreases pH (acidic)

Changing the salinity of a body of water most often involves which of the following?

adding/removing fresh water

What type of compound releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water?

an acid

What are the basic building blocks of matter?

atoms

Salinity can be calculated from all of the ions found in the water. The most commonly used is chlorine. If the chlorinity of a sample is determined to be 1.92%, what is the salinity?

34.7%

The latent heat of melting of water is 80 calories per gram, and the latent heat of evaporation is 585 calories per gram. How much energy must be lost for one gram of water to undergo deposition (change state from gas to solid)?

665 calories per gram

What is the average surface pH of the ocean?

8.1

What is the name of the layer of water marked by rapidly changing temperature with depth?

Thermocycline

Based upon latitude, where is salinity highest in the Northern Hemisphere?

Tropic of Cancer

The heat needed to increase the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1oC (1.8oF) is what?

calorie

A water molecule contains two small hydrogen atoms and one large oxygen atom. What kind of bond keeps these three atoms together?

covalent bond

A large influx of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the ocean over an extended period of time will have what effect on the pH?

decrease the pH

The density of water below 4oC (39.2oF).

decreases

The freezing point of water with the addition of dissolved substances and at higher pressures.

decreases; decreases

What state of water has independent molecules that flow freely?

gas

On a sunny day the sand on the beach is hot, but the water is still cool even though the same energy has been applied to both. What property of water does this demonstrate?

high specific heat

What type of bonding occurs between water molecules?

hydrogen bonding

If water temperature decreases, water density ; if salinity decreases, density .

increases; decreases

What areas on Earth experience the greatest day/night temperature variations?

interiors of landmasses

Water molecules have a slight separation of charges due to their shape. This is referred to as what?

polarity

What is the term for the total amount of solids dissolved in water?

salinity

Which of the following exerts the greatest control over density at the ocean's surface?

temperatuire

What makes water the universal solvent?

The dipolarity of the molecule allows ions of other compounds to separate easily.

What is latent heat?

The heat needed for water to change state

The presence of a dissolved ion in very low concentrations in ocean water indicates what about the amount of time it stays in the water?

It has low residence time.

Why isn't desalination more widespread?

It is energy expensive

Why is there little change to salinity below 1,000 meters (3,281 feet)?

Surface processes don't affect the deeper water