Oceanography Chapter 4
What is the approximate depth of the calcite compensation depth (CCD) in the ocean?
3 Miles (4.5 km)
Sediments produced by plants and animals in the sea are called:
Biogenous
Abyssal clay is an example of which of the following sediment types?
Lithogenous
What percentage of the rocks exposed on the continents originated as sedimentary rocks deposited in ancient ocean environments?
More than 50%
Collecting adequate samples from which of the following is the most difficult?
The deep-ocean floor
What is calcareous ooze?
A fine-grained, deep ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of calcite-secreting microbes
Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by:
A glacier
The most likely place to find abundant manganese nodules is on the:
Abyssal plain far from a continent
What factor primarily determines the distribution of radiolarian ooze?
Areas of upwelling
Why does calcareous material dissolve below the CCD?
Below the CCD, weak acid is formed, which dissolves calcareous material.
Calcareous ooze is an example of which of the following sediment types?
Biogenous Sediment
Siliceous ooze is an example of which of the following sediment types?
Biogenous Sediment
Which of the following sediments would you expect to find in a lagoon?
Broken bits of coral, salt
Which sediment below cannot accumulate below the CCD?
Calcareous tests
Marine sediments that originate in the warm tropical surface ocean would create deposits in the deep sea composed primarily of ___________.
Calcium carbonate
The sea floor provides the largest reservoir of usable energy in the ocean, and likely the world, in the form of ______________.
Clathrates
From smallest to largest, which list of sediment particle sizes is in the correct order?
Clay, silt, sand, pebbles
Which sediment type dominates in the neritic environment?
Coarse lithogenous sediment, such as sand and small rocks
High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following?
Large particles such as gravel
Glacial deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types?
Lithogenous
Sandstone is an example of which of the following sediment types?
Lithogenous
Sediments derived from pre-existing rocks on land are called:
Lithogenous
Shale is an example of which of the following sediment types?
Lithogenous
Terrigenous sediment is another name for which of the following?
Lithogenous
Turbidite deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types?
Lithogenous
Of the following sediments, which one(s) is/are considered hydrogenous? Choose all that apply.
Manganese nodules, coatings of metal sulfides near black smokers
Which of the following natural gasses is most common in gas hydrates from under the ocean floor?
Methane
The ancient remains of which of the following, buried before they could decompose, are the source of today's petroleum deposits?
Microscopic organisms
The type of marine sediment that forms the thickest deposits worldwide is:
Neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits
Where on the ocean floor do abyssal clays develop?
On the deep ocean floor, far from land
The number of organisms present in the surface water above the ocean floor is called ________.
Productivity
Which of the following organisms thrive in cold surface waters?
Radiolarians, diatoms, siliceous organisms
Which of the following is the most advanced technology used to collect sediment samples from the deep ocean?
Rotary corer
Neritic sediments are most likely to be composed of __________.
Sand, silt, and gravel
What mechanism(s) is/are responsible for transporting clay to deep ocean basins? Choose all that apply.
Slow-moving ocean currents, wind
Which of the following are microscopic, single-celled floating algae that accumulate to form biogenous sediment? Choose all that apply.
Coccolithophores Diatoms
Micrometeorites are an example of which of the following sediment types?
Cosmogenous
Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called:
Cosmogenous
Forams, which are composed of calcium carbonate, __________ above the CCD and __________ below the CCD.
Do not dissolve; dissolve
Which of the following are examples of neritic sediments?
Evaporite deposits, beach sand
A very important way to increase the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean is via:
Fecal pellets
The main energy resources associated with marine sediments are petroleum and ________.
Gas hydrates
Which of the following contains the most organic carbon on Earth?
Gas hydrates
Of the following, which energy resource(s) can be extracted from marine sediments? Choose all that apply.
Gas hydrates, petroleum
Which of the following is a hollow steel tube with a heavy weight on top that is to collect sediment samples?
Gravity corer
Oolites are an example of which of the following sediment types?
Hydrogenous
Rock salt (halite) is an example of which of the following sediment types?
Hydrogenous
Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called:
Hydrogenous
Ocean sediments consist of particles that have slowly settled out of the water by which of the following the processes?
Suspension settling
What is the calcite compensation depth, or CCD?
The ocean depth below which calcite is unstable and will dissolve quickly
Why do some organisms thrive in warm surface waters?
Warm water is generally saturated in carbonate.
What factor primarily controls the distribution of calcareous ooze?
Water depth
