Oceanography chapter 4

What percentage of the rocks exposed on the continents originated as sedimentary rocks deposited in ancient ocean environments?

More than fifty percent

The type of marine sediment that form the thickest deposits worldwide is ________.

Neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits

The study of how the ocean, atmosphere, and land have interacted in the past to produce changes in ocean chemistry, circulation, biology, and climate is called

Paleoceanography

Pelagic clays contain lots of material that settles to the seafloor through the water column and are:

less than 30% biogenous material.

Sediment that begins as rocks on continents or islands is called:

lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment

Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristics?

lots of carbon dioxide and colder temperatures

Sediments found on continental margins are called:

neritic

The number of organisms present in the surface water above the ocean floor is called ____.

productivity

Which of the following contains silica (SiO2)

radiolarians

Which of the following is a biogenous sediment

stromatolites

Abyssal clay is a example of which of the following?

Lithogenous Sediment

Glacial deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types?

Lithogenous Sediment

Terrigenous sediment is another name for which of the following?

Lithogenous Sediment

Turbidite deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types?

Lithogenous Sediment

High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following?

large particles such as gravel

Sediments produced by plants and animals in the sea are called:

Terrigenous

A term referring to the size and shape of sediments particles is ______.

Texture

Which of the following contains calcium carbonate(CaCO3)

Foraminiferans

Ocean sediments consist of particles that have slowly settled out of the water by which of the following the processes?

Suspension settling

Calcite dissolves more readily in seawater that is ________ in temperature and ________ in pressure.

colder; higher

Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called:

cosmogenous

The dissolution of the thick tests of foraminifers below the CCD is an example of the ________ of biogenous sediment

destruction

Which of the following is a biogenous sediment?

diatom ooze

The deposition of coarse-grained lithogenous material in neritic environments along continental margins is an example of the ______ of biogenous sediment.

dilution

Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by:

glacier

Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called:

hydrogenous