Oceanography Chapter 6

34) A boundary or belt characterized by winds generally from the west and brings storms that influence weather across the United States occurs in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)

30 to 60 degrees

10) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Nitrogen B) Albedo C) Oxygen D) Troposphere E) Water vapor

Albedo

17) Along the Arctic Circle, how would the Sun appear during the summer solstice? During the winter solstice?

Answer: During the summer solstice, which occurs on or about June 21, the Sun reaches its most northerly point in the sky, lying directly overhead along the Tropic of Cancer at 23.5° north latitude. To an observer on Earth, the Sun at noon (12:00 pm) reaches its most northern or southern position in the sky. During the winter solstice, which occurs on or around December 22, the Sun is directly overhead of the Tropic of Capricorn at 23.5° south latitude and is in the reverse position of the summer solstice in both hemispheres. During the summer solstice, the Arctic Circle experiences around six months of daylight, while during the summer solstice, it experiences around six months of darkness.

12) Which of the following does not influence the amount of radiation received at low and high latitudes? A) Solar footprint B) Atmospheric absorption C) Albedo D) Reflection of sunlight E) Time of day

Time of day

8) Based on the characteristics, what is the name of the wind belt being described as strong, steady winds, generally from the east? A) Trade winds B) Prevailing winds C) Polar easterlies D) None of the above

Trade winds

11) Which part of the Earth receives the most annual radiation from the sun? A) Poles B) Tropics C) Temperate zone

Tropics

7) Based on altitude, which is the lowest layer of the atmosphere? A) Ozone layer B) Stratosphere C) Tropopause D) Troposphere

Troposphere

8) In which layer of the atmosphere is all weather generated? A) Ozone layer B) Tropopause C) Stratosphere D) Troposphere

Troposphere

Picture: 44) The atmospheric high-pressure cells over North America in the map suggest that the atmospheric patterns shown most likely represent which season for the northern hemisphere? A) Fall B) Spring C) Summer D) Winter

Winter

9) In the Northern Hemisphere, September 23 is known as ________. A) vernal equinox B) summer solstice C) winter solstice D) autumnal equinox

autumnal equinox

3) Winds blowing out of the north toward the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to ________. A) be deflected toward the west B) circulate counterclockwise C) circulate clockwise D) travel in a straight line E) be deflected toward the east

be deflected toward the east

2) A cold air mass moving into an area occupied by relatively warm air is called a/an ________. A) low pressure system B) cold front C) warm front D) occluded front E) high pressure system

cold front

1) The apparent deflection of air masses to the right or left (depending on latitude) as they move from one latitude to another is called the ________. A) Cyclonic effect B) Ekman spiral C) Saffir-Simpson scale D) Hadley cell E) Coriolis effect

coriolis effect

1) Low-pressure regions in the northern hemisphere rotate ________. A) at a 45° angle from the prevailing wind direction B) to the right C) clockwise D) counterclockwise E) to the left

counterclockwise

3) In the troposphere, air temperatures ________. A) are constant with decreasing altitude B) increase with increasing altitude C) decrease with increasing altitude D) decrease with decreasing altitude

decrease with increasing altitude

5) Idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significantly modified by Earth's tilted axis of rotation and ________. A) differences in the heat capacities of the ocean and land B) differences in the latitudinal albedo C) variations in incoming solar radiation over many years D) latitudinal variations in the Coriolis effect E) Ekman transport

differences in the heat capacities of the ocean and land

3) The intensity of solar radiation received at lower latitudes (near the equator) compared to higher latitudes (near the poles) is ________. A) the same B) greater C) lower

greater

3) The doldrums refer to the same region as the ________. A) inter-tropical convergence zone B) trade winds C) subtropical jet stream D) jet stream E) subtropics

inter-tropical convergence zone

10) What is the latitude for the doldrums? A) 0-5 degrees B) 5-30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30-60 degrees

0-5 degrees

6) In which year did Christopher Columbus discover North America? A) 1490 B) 1491 C) 1492 D) 1493 E) 1494

1492

4) In which year was the Coriolis effect first calculated? A) 1820 B) 1825 C) 1830 D) 1835 E) 1840

1835

1) Earth's axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of ________. A) 45° B) 180° C) 23.5° D) 0° E) 90°

23.5 degrees

7) What is the tilt of the Earth's axis? A) 23.1 degrees B) 23.2 degrees C) 23.3 degrees D) 23.4 degrees E) 23.5 degrees

23.5 degrees

23) The horse latitudes boundary occurs in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)

30 degrees

29) The major deserts of the world occur in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)

30 degrees

33) A boundary or belt characterized by light, variable winds, dry, clear, fair weather with little precipitation occurs in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)

30 degrees

24) The prevailing westerlies occur in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)

30 to 60 degrees

30) Storms are most common in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 to 60 degrees D) 60 to 90 degrees E) Poles (90 degrees)

30 to 60 degrees

4) The average albedo of Earth's surface is about ________. A) 90% B) 67% C) 50% D) 30% E) 3%

30%

6) The average albedo of Earth's surface is about ________. A) 10% B) 20% C) 30% D) 40% E) 50%

30%

Picture: 42) According to the figure showing global wind belts and boundaries, the area of the globe (latitude) that is characterized by falling air masses and little precipitation is ________. A) 60° latitude B) 30° to 60° latitude C) 0° to 30° N latitude D) 0° latitude E) 30° and 90° latitude

30° and 90° latitude

Picture: 43) According to the figure showing global wind belts and boundaries, the variable winds that result in generally clear, dry, and fair conditions with cold temperatures and minimal precipitation are in/at ________. A) 60° latitude B) 0° to 30° N latitude C) 0° to 30° S latitude D) 0° latitude E) 30° latitude

30° latitude

Picture: 41) According to the figure showing global wind belts and boundaries, the westerlies wind belt are in/at ________. A) 60° latitude B) 30° to 60° latitude C) 0° to 30° N latitude D) 0° to 30° S latitude E) 0° latitude

30° to 60° latitude

22) The trade winds occur in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)

5 to 30 degrees

32) A boundary or belt characterized by strong, steady winds, generally from the east occurs in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)

5 to 30 degrees

9) What is the latitude for the trade winds? A) 0-5 degrees B) 5-30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30-60 degrees

5-30 degrees

25) The polar front occurs in which of the following regions? A) 30 degrees B) 30 to 60 degrees C) 60 degrees D) 60 to 90 degrees E) Poles (90 degrees)

60 degrees

35) A boundary or belt characterized by variable winds and stormy, cloudy weather year round occurs in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)

60 degrees

26) The polar easterlies occur in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)

60 to 90 degrees

36) A boundary or belt characterized by cold, dry winds generally from the east, occurs in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)

60 to 90 degrees

Picture: 40) According to the figure showing global wind belts and boundaries, the polar front is located in/at ________. A) 60° latitude B) 30° to 60° latitude C) 0° to 30° S latitude D) 0° latitude E) 30° latitude

60° latitude

5) Snow reflects back into space as much as ________ of incoming solar radiation, and so has a high albedo. A) 90% B) 80% C) 70% D) 60% E) 50%

90%

14) If the elevation of the Sun above the horizon is at 30 degrees, what is the percentage of absorbed radiation? A) 98 B) 97 C) 94 D) 80 E) 60

94

13) If the elevation of the Sun above the horizon is at 90 degrees, what is the percentage of absorbed radiation? A) 98 B) 97 C) 94 D) 80 E) 60

98

13) Which of the following will cause the highest air pressure at the surface? A) A column of cool, dense air B) A column of cool, less dense air C) A column of warm, dense air D) A column of warm, less dense air

A column of cool, dense air

14) Which of the following will cause the lowest air pressure at the surface? A) A column of cool, dense air B) A column of cool, less dense air C) A column of warm, dense air D) A column of warm, less dense air

A column of warm, less dense air

18) Discuss uneven solar heating as a function of latitude and how this contributes to the formation of global wind belts.

Answer: Sunlight strikes low latitudes at a high angle, so the radiation is concentrated in a relatively small area. Sunlight strikes high latitudes at a low angle, so the same amount of radiation is spread over a larger area. Earth's atmosphere absorbs some radiation, so less radiation strikes Earth at high latitudes than at low latitudes because sunlight passes through more of the atmosphere at high latitudes. The differential heating causes warm air to rise at low latitudes creating wind patterns.

12) Discuss the impact of the Coriolis effect on atmospheric circulation. Provide at least two examples where the Coriolis effect significantly impacts global atmospheric circulation.

Answer: The Coriolis effect causes moving objects on Earth to follow curved paths. The Coriolis effect is a result of Earth's rotation toward the east. More specifically, the difference in the speed of Earth's rotation at different latitudes causes the Coriolis effect. In reality, objects travel along straight-line paths, but Earth rotates underneath them, making the objects appear to curve. In the Northern Hemisphere, an object will follow a path to the right of its intended direction; in the Southern Hemisphere, an object will follow a path to the left of its intended direction. The directions right and left are the viewer's perspective looking in the direction in which the object is traveling. The Coriolis effect acts on all moving objects. However, it is much more pronounced on objects traveling long distances, especially north or south. This is why the Coriolis effect has a dramatic effect on atmospheric circulation and the movement of ocean currents.

17) Describe the physical properties of the atmosphere, including its composition, density, water vapor content, pressure, and movement.

Answer: The composition of dry air is almost entirely of nitrogen and oxygen. The amount of water vapor in air depends in part on the air's temperature. Warm air, for instance, can hold more water vapor than cold air because the air molecules are moving more quickly and come into contact with more water vapor. Thus, warm air is typically moist, and, conversely, cool air is typically dry. Temperature has a dramatic effect on the density of air. At higher temperatures, for example, air molecules move more quickly, take up more space, and density is decreased. Thus, the general relationship between density and temperature is as follows: Warm air is less dense, so it rises; this is commonly expressed as "heat rises." Cool air is more dense, so it sinks. Atmospheric pressure is 1.0 atmosphere (14.7 pounds per square inch) at sea level and decreases with increasing altitude. Air always moves from high-pressure regions toward low-pressure regions. This moving air is called wind.

39) Why are there high-pressure areas at each pole and a low-pressure belt in the equatorial region?

Answer: The low-pressure belt at the equator is due to more direct or incident solar radiation during most of the year. This causes both the land and ocean to heat up, as well as the air above the land and ocean. Warmer temperatures cause more evaporation, especially over the ocean, creating relatively light air that is both warm and humid. This warm, moist air tends to rise vertically, creating low air pressure. In contrast, air at the poles is relatively dry and very cold, which causes the air to descend back towards the surface, creating high air pressure.

18) Compare and contrast the formation of high pressure and low pressure atmospheric systems on precipitation and temperature in the areas where they form.

Answer: Warm air can hold more water vapor than cold air. Warm air is less dense, so it rises. Cool air is more dense, so it sinks. Warm rising air results in low atmospheric pressure. As it rises and expands it cools. This results in it being unable to hold as much moisture resulting in clouds and precipitation. Cool sinking air results in higher atmospheric pressure. This sinking air compresses and warms up, enabling it to hold more moisture resulting in clear skies.

11) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The Coriolis force is a true force BECAUSE it accelerates a moving body or air and influences its speed. A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

14) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Doldrums B) Northeast trade winds C) Polar easterlies D) Southeast trade winds E) Westerlies

Doldrums

5) The Coriolis effect is a result of Earth's rotation toward the ________. A) North B) South C) East D) West

East

21) The Doldrums occur in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)

Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees)

28) Earth's breeding ground for hurricanes occurs in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)

Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees)

31) A boundary or belt characterized by light, variable winds, abundant cloudiness and much precipitation occurs of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)

Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees)

13) Which circulation cells are between 30 and 60 degrees latitude? A) Hadley cells B) Ferrell cells C) Harley cells D) Farrell cells

Ferrell cells

8) The United States launches its space missions from which state? A) Texas B) Oklahoma C) Alabama D) New Mexico E) Florida

Florida

15) The trade winds blow in which of the following directions in the Northern Hemisphere? A) From northeast to southwest B) From northwest to southeast C) From southeast to northwest D) From southwest to northeast

From northeast to southwest

19) The polar easterly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Northern Hemisphere? A) From northeast to southwest B) From northwest to southeast C) From southeast to northwest D) From southwest to northeast

From northeast to southwest

18) The prevailing westerly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Southern Hemisphere? A) From northeast to southwest B) From northwest to southeast C) From southeast to northwest D) From southwest to northeast

From northwest to southeast

16) The trade winds blow in which of the following directions in the Southern Hemisphere? A) From northeast to southwest B) From northwest to southeast C) From southeast to northwest D) From southwest to northeast

From southeast to northwest

20) The polar easterly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Southern Hemisphere? A) From northeast to southwest B) From northwest to southeast C) From southeast to northwest D) From southwest to northeast

From southeast to northwest

17) The prevailing westerly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Northern Hemisphere? A) From northeast to southwest B) From northwest to southeast C) From southeast to northwest D) From southwest to northeast

From southwest to northeast

6) Which of Newton's laws states that an object at rest remains at rest, and a moving object continues to move in a straight line unless an external force changes its state of motion? A) Newton's first law B) Newton's second law C) Newton's third law D) Newton's fourth law

Newton's first law

7) At which latitude on the Earth is the speed of Earth's rotation the slowest? A) Equator B) 30 degrees N and S C) 60 degrees N and S D) North and South poles

North and South poles

11) Which wind belt curves to the right due to the Coriolis effect and blow from northeast to southwest? A) Northeast trade winds B) Southeast trade winds C) Prevailing westerly wind belts D) Polar easterly wind belts

Northeast trade winds

9) What is the second most abundant element in the atmosphere? A) Nitrogen B) Carbon dioxide C) Argon D) Oxygen

Oxygen

7) Based on the characteristics, what is the name of the wind belt being described as cold, dry winds generally from the east? A) Trade winds B) Prevailing winds C) Polar easterlies D) None of the above

Polar easterlies

27) Polar high pressure occurs in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)

Poles (90 degrees)

37) A boundary or belt characterized by cold deserts occurs in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)

Poles (90 degrees)

8) In the Northern Hemisphere, June 21 is known as ________. A) Vernal equinox B) Summer solstice C) Winter solstice D) Autumnal equinox

Summer solstice

8) The middle latitudes or midlatitudes are also known as which region? A) Equatorial B) Tropical C) Subtropical D) Temperate E) Subpolar

Temperate

10) What is Polaris? A) The East star B) The West star C) The South star D) The North star

The North star

16) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude BECAUSE it depends on the weight of the column of air above. A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

38) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The air over the continents colder in winter and warmer in summer than the air over adjacent oceans BECAUSE continental rock has a lower heat capacity than seawater. A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

16) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Different hemispheres on Earth are tilted more directly toward or away from the Sun during Earth's yearly orbit BECAUSE Earth revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit that varies from a perfect circle. A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.

15) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The higher one goes in the atmosphere, the warmer it gets BECAUSE the higher one goes in the atmosphere the closer you are to the Sun. A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.

10) Which of the following statements about the Coriolis effect is correct? A) The Coriolis effect is strongest between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. B) The magnitude of the Coriolis effect depends on how long the object is in motion. C) The maximum Coriolis effect is at the equator, and there is no Coriolis effect at the poles. D) There is no Coriolis effect for objects moving due south from the equator.

The magnitude of the Coriolis effect depends on how long the object is in motion.

11) Which of the following parcels of air would have the lowest density? A) Cool dry air B) Cool moist air C) Warm dry air D) Warm moist air

Warm moist air

15) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Ecliptic B) Vernal equinox C) Autumnal equinox D) Westerlies E) Summer solstice

Westerlies

4) The strength of a hurricane stems from water's ________. A) latent heat of melting B) latent heat of fusion C) latent heat of sublimation D) latent heat of condensation E) latent heat of deposition

latent heat of condensation

6) Warm air is ________ dense, so it ________. Cool air is ________ dense; so it ________. A) less; rises; more; sinks B) more; rises; less; sinks C) less; rises; less; sinks D) more; rises; more; sinks

less; rises; more; sinks

1) The two most abundant components of dry air are ________. A) oxygen and water vapor B) carbon dioxide and water vapor C) nitrogen and oxygen D) oxygen and carbon dioxide E) nitrogen and carbon dioxide

nitrogen and oxygen

12) Descending air at the poles creates high-pressure regions called ________. A) subtropical highs B) polar highs C) equatorial low D) subpolar low

polar highs

12) A person experiences a popping feeling in their ears during the takeoff or landing of an airplane or while driving on steep mountain roads due to changes in the ________ of the atmosphere. A) density B) movement C) pressure D) temperature E) water vapor content

pressure

5) The strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the ________. A) Moh's Scale B) Coriolis Scale C) Fujita Scale D) Saffir-Simpson Scale E) Richter Scale

saffir-simpson scale

3) Air warmed by the land that rises and is replaced by cooler air from the ocean may produce a ________. A) cold front B) land breeze C) typhoon D) sea breeze E) tropical cyclone

sea breeze

6) The largest loss of life from a hurricane is usually due to ________. A) intense precipitation B) high winds C) storm surge D) low atmospheric pressure

storm surge

2) The Sun reaches its most northerly point in the sky, directly overhead along the Tropic of Cancer, during the ________. A) summer solstice B) winter solstice C) vernal equinox D) ecliptic E) autumnal equinox

summer solstice

4) The two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are ________. A) temperature and salinity B) temperature and water vapor content C) carbon dioxide and water vapor content D) temperature and ozone E) nitrogen and water vapor content

temperature and water vapour content

5) Which of the following statements about the movement of Earth's atmosphere is correct? A) A column of cool, dense air produces low pressure at the Earth's surface. B) Cold air is less dense than cool air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface. C) A column of warm, less dense air produces high pressure at the Earth's surface. D) Warm air is denser than cool air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface. E) The movement of air within the atmospheric convection cells generates the wind belts.

the movement of air within the atmospheric convection cells generates the wind belts

2) As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds always are deflected ________. A) at a 90° angle from their original direction B) at a 45° angle from their original direction C) to the left of their original direction D) to the right of their original direction E) to the east of their original direction

to the right of their original direction

2) Low latitude wind belt(s) with strong, reliable, generally easterly winds is (are) the ________. A) horse latitudes B) polar easterlies C) westerlies D) trade winds E) doldrums

trade winds

7) The oceanic climate region(s) where the majority of strong tropical cyclonic storms are produced is ________. A) polar B) temperate C) subtropical D) subpolar E) tropical

tropical

2) The lowermost portion of the atmosphere where most weather occurs is called the ________. A) troposphere B) upper atmosphere C) stratosphere D) tropopause E) ozone layer

troposphere

9) The Coriolis effect is due to changes in the ________ of Earth with latitude. A) chemical composition B) density C) pressure D) temperature E) velocity

velocity

4) The temperate regions are characterized by ________. A) westerly winds B) trade winds C) easterly winds D) high pressure E) tropical cyclones

westerly winds

1) A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be ________. A) dry and cold B) wet and warm C) wet and cold D) wet and the same temperature E) dry and warm

wet and warm