OCR AS Level Physics: Motion

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How to calculate vertical displacement and time of flight from projectile motion

Equations of motion

How to calculate speed from a distance-time graph

Gradient

How to find acceleration from a velocity-time graph

Gradient

What does the range of a projectile depend upon?

Height from which it is fired, initial velocity

How does horizontal velocity change in projectile motion?

It doesn't

Why is acceleration a vector?

It is determined by velocity

What do lines with a negative gradient represent on a displacement-time graph?

Object returning to its original position

What does a straight, sloping line with constant gradient on a distance-time graph symbolise?

Object with a constant speed

Why average speed is bad for seeing if someone has gone over the speed limit

People can go over the speed limit for part of the journey and then go way below for other parts and this would even out to show that the average speed is below the speed limit, even though the person has gone above it.

Acceleration

Rate of change of velocity

Distance is what type of quantity?

Scalar

What is the gradient of a distance-time graph?

Speed

Instantaneous speed

Speed of a car over a very short time interval.

Equation for actual velocity of a projectile using a tangent to a point

Square root of Vx^2 + Vy^2 (Think Pythagoras basically. I know I've written it weirdly, sorry!)

What does a straight horizontal line on a distance-time graph symbolise?

Stationary object

How is a stationary object shown on a distance-time graph?

Straight horizontal line

How to show an object with a constant speed on a distance-time graph

Straight, sloping line with constant gradient

How to find instantaneous speed

Tangent to a point

Why does a projectile follow a curved path?

The vertical velocity increases with time but the horizontal component remains the same.

In a projectile, how are vertical and horizontal motions related?

They're not

Equation for thinking distance

Thinking distance = Speed x Reaction Time

Acceleration is what type of quantity?

Vector

Displacement is what type of quantity?

Vector

Velocity is what type of quantity?

Vector

What does the gradient of a displacement-time graph symbolise?

Velocity

Video camera method of determining g

Video camera on rapid fire mode, camera shutter held open, ball dropped, picture produced showing multiple images of the falling ball, plot a distance-time graph, gradient of g/2

Free fall

When the only force acting on an object is its acceleration due to gravity

Derivation of v = u + at

a = v-u/t, at = v-u, -v + at = -u, -v = -u - at, v = u +at

How does vertical velocity change in projectile motion?

g

Symbol for acceleration of free fall

g

Unit of acceleration

ms^-2

Unit of acceleration of free mass

ms^-2

Derivation of s = 1/2(u+v)t

s is a trapezium under a graph where u and v are parallel sides and t is the perpendicular separation between them. The calculations for area of a trapezium give this equation.

Equation for angle of projectile to the horizontal

tan^-1(Vy/Vx)

Equation for horizontal component of velocity at an angle in projectile motion

vcostheta

Equation for vertical component of velocity at an angle in projectile motion

vsintheta

Basic principle of experiments to determine g

Drop a heavy ball over a known distance and time it

Initial vertical velocity when not launched at an angle

0 ms^-1

Speed of an object at highest point

0 ms^-1

Component of g in the horizontal direction

0 ms^-2

What the gradient of a velocity-time graph represents

Acceleration

Equation for acceleration

Acceleration = Change in velocity / Time

What does the value of g depend on?

Altitude, latitude, geology

What the derivation of s = ut + 1/2at^2 is based on

Area under a velocity-time graph

How to find displacement from a velocity-time graph

Area underneath the graph

Equation for average speed

Average speed = Distance travelled / Time taken

Equation for average velocity

Average velocity = Change in displacement / Change in time

Electromagnet and trapdoor method of determining g

Ball attached to electromagnet, current switched off in electromagnet, timer triggered, electromagnet demagnetises, ball falls, hits trapdoor, electrical contact is broken, timer stops

Light gate method of determining g

Ball falls through first beam, timer starts, ball falls through second beam a known distance away, timer stops

Issue with the electromagnet and trapdoor method of determining g

Delays in timing

What the area under a velocity-time graph symbolises

Displacement

Thinking distance

Distance travelled between realising you have to brake and applying the brake

Stopping distance

Distance travelled between seeing a reason to stop and actually stopping

Braking distance

Distance travelled from the time the brake is applied until the vehicle stops


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