old test questions

Stratified random sampling is a way to ensure that

small but important subgroups of a population are captured in a sample

Which of the following sampling methods is a probability sampling method?

stratified random sampling

Correlation coefficients indicate the

strength of the relationship between two variables

We can reduce or eliminate the influence of potentially relevant variables in an experiment by

randomly assigning participants to each experimental group

Typically, what things do surveys most typically seek to find out about respondents?

attitudes, demographics, data, and behavior

The secret to high intercoder or observer reliability is

clear definitions and classifications of observed behaviors

Which of the following approaches is best suited to assess whether there are causal relationships among variables?

experiments

"Construct," "convergent," "divergent," and "predictive" are all measures of reliability.

false

Interval and ratio data are considered "discrete" variables.

false

The extent to which sample data reflect the wider population from which the sample was drawn can be estimated using which one of the following?

inferential statistics

Snowball or network sampling relies on

members of a group introducing the researcher to other members of the group

A Likert scale has response options of "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree."

true

Convenience, judgmental, quota, network, and snowball are all types of nonprobability sampling.

true

Cross-sectional surveys capture information at one moment of time.

true

Findings from web-based surveys may not be generalizable to the wider population.

true

In test-retest, a test is given to a group of people and then repeated, with the same people, a week or two later.

true

Inferential statistics are based on the assumption that the sample studied is randomly selected.

true

Inter-item reliability checks that individual questions in a set are measuring the same concept.

true

Interval measures assume an equal distance between points on a scale.

true

Ratio scales measure from a "true" zero point.

true

The larger the standard deviation of a variable, the wider its range of scores on either side of the mean.

true

With inferential statistics, we do not need large sample sizes as long as we are prepared to accept a known level of uncertainty in our projections from a sample.

true