OLE MISS | Bisc 103 - Exam 3 - Chapter 24

The nerve that conducts impulses to the area of the brain that determines sound is the A. olfactory nerve. B. auditory nerve. C. optic nerve. D. retinal nerve. E. pons.

B. auditory nerve.

If you wanted to study the part of a neuron that carries electrical signals away from the cell body, you would look for what part? A. dendrite B. axon C. myelin sheath D. cell body E. hemisphere

B. axon

The division of the nervous system that integrates sensory information and coordinates the body's response is the A. peripheral nervous system. B. central nervous system. C. somatic nervous system. D. autonomic nervous system. E. sympathetic nervous system.

B. central nervous system.

The condition that develops when GABA levels in the brain are deficient is A. epilepsy. B. insomnia. C. Huntington disease. D. Alzheimer disease. E. Parkinson disease.

C. Huntington disease.

The rounded part of a neuron containing the nucleus and mitochondria is the A. myelin sheath. B. axon. C. synapse. D. dendrite. E. cell body.

E. cell body.

True / False A mutant fruit fly with poor nerve transmission proves to have poor reception of signals sent by one neuron to another. This is probably due to mutanty dendrite formation.

TRUE

True / False During an action potential, sodium ions enter into the cell.

TRUE

True / False Neurotransmitters released from a "sending" cell must travel across a tiny space called a synaptic cleft.

TRUE

True / False The dendrite is the critical receiving end of a synapse.

TRUE

True / False The myelin sheath around an axon is like the plastic coating that insulates a wire.

TRUE

True / False The reason that we can tell light from sound is because different neurons transmit these different stimuli.

TRUE

True / False if you wanted to disrupt transmission of nervous signals, you could use a drug to destroy interneurons.

TRUE

True / False Odorous molecules are first detected in the nose, are transduced, and travel to the olfactory bulb and then to the cerebral cortex.

TRUE

The part of the brain that controls the qualities of what we consider the "mind" is the A. cerebellum. B. hypothalamus. C. cerebrum. D. medulla oblongata. E. pons.

. cerebrum.

The nervous system controls A. All answers are correct. B. conscious decisions, like what shirt to wear. C. subconscious reactions, like burping. D. emotional reactions, like crying. E. sensual actions, like hearing a loud sound.

A. All answers are correct.

A neuron recharges when A. Na+ ions are actively pumped against their concentration gradient. B. Na+ ions spontaneously move down their concentration gradient. C. Na+ ions spontaneously move against their concentration gradient. D. Na+ ions are actively pumped down their concentration gradient.

A. Na+ ions are actively pumped against their concentration gradient.

Which best describes how a neuron fires? A. Na+ ions cross the plasma membrane initiating a wave that travels down the axon. B. Vesicles carry neurotransmitters from the nucleus to the other end of the neuron. C. Na+ ions enter one end of the neuron and diffuse to the other end down the axon. D. Neurotransmitters enter one end of the neuron and diffuse to the other end down the axon. E. Neurotransmitters cross the plasma membrane creating a wave that travels down the axon.

A. Na+ ions cross the plasma membrane initiating a wave that travels down the axon.

A motor neuron's __________ and ___________ reside in the central nervous system, but its ____________ extend(s) into the peripheral nervous system. A. cell body, dendrites, axon B. dendrites, cell body, axon C. dendrites, axon, cell body D. axon, cell body, dendrites E. No answer is correct.

A. cell body, dendrites, axon

If you were asked to point to the place on a model of the brain where muscular movements are coordinated, you would point to the A. cerebellum. B. hypothalamus. C. medulla oblongata. D. pons. E. cerebrum.

A. cerebellum.

The part of the neuron that is usually highly branched and receives input from other neurons is the A. dendrite. B. axon. C. synapse D. cell body. E. myelin sheath.

A. dendrite.

Receptors for the special senses are limited to the A. head. B. tongue. C. ears. D. feet. E. abdomen.

A. head.

Dopamine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter released into neuromuscular synapses. Patients with Parkinson disease have decreased dopamine. Which symptoms would be expected in a patient with Parkinson disease? A. hyperactive voluntary movements B. slowed senses C. slowed voluntary movements D. decreased mental ability and memory loss E. excessive sleeping

A. hyperactive voluntary movements

Working with a patient with eye problems, you discover that the patient cannot focus images. You suspect that there may be a defect in the A. lens. B. cone. C. pupil. D. retina. E. iris.

A. lens.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Lou Gehrig disease, causes muscle weakness and atrophy due to a decrease in stimulation by which types of neurons? A. motor neurons B. sensory neurons C. interneurons D. motor and sensory neurons E. sensory and interneurons

A. motor neurons

If you wanted to stop transmission from one neuron to another, you would want to destroy all A. neurotransmitters. B. action potentials. C. resting potentials. D. threshold potentials. E. myelin sheath.

A. neurotransmitters.

The division of the peripheral nervous system that carries signals to voluntary muscles is the A. somatic system. B. autonomic system. C. sympathetic system. D. parasympathetic system. E. No answer is correct.

A. somatic system.

The ______ receives the signal that your finger is too hot and sends the message to move the finger away from the stove. The ______ transfers the message to the finger. A. spinal cord; spinal cord B. central nervous system; peripheral nervous system C. peripheral nervous system; spinal cord D. peripheral nervous system; brain E. brain; central nervous system

A. spinal cord; spinal cord

An action potential is not generated by pain mechanoreceptors of the general senses when A. you taste a sour lemon. B. a paper cut occurs on your finger. C. a bee stings you. D. you remove frozen foods from the freezer. E. you put on a shirt.

A. you taste a sour lemon.

Drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) block reuptake of serotonin and are used to treat depression. Which of the following would occur in a patient given a SSRI? A. Serotonin levels would decrease in the synapse. B. Serotonin levels would increase in the synapse. C. More serotonin would be released by the neuron. D. Less serotonin would be released by the neuron. E. No answer is correct.

B. Serotonin levels would increase in the synapse.

Reminyl, known chemically as galantamine, works like the nation's three other Alzheimer's medications. It modestly slows cognitive (mental ability) decline by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, a brain chemical vital for nerve cells to communicate, by the enzyme acetylcholineesterase. Acetylcholine is what? A. an enzyme B. a neurotransmitter C. a voltage gated ion channel D. a receptor E. a source of fuel for neurons

B. a neurotransmitter

In conductive deafness, the middle ear fails to move sound to the inner ear. By amplifying sounds in the auditory canal, the hearing aid moves the _______ more than normal, helping the person hear more clearly. A. cochlea B. eardrum C. oval window D. auditory canal E. auditory nerve

B. eardrum

The condition that develops when there is excess GABA leading to excess dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain is A. insomnia. B. epilepsy. C. Alzheimer disease. D. Parkinson disease. E. Huntington disease.

B. epilepsy.

The type of neuron that connects one neuron to another within the central nervous system is the A. synaptic neuron. B. interneuron. C. sensory neuron. D. motor neuron. E. neuroglia.

B. interneuron.

The layered membranes that jacket the central nervous system are the A. grey matter. B. meninges. C. white matter. D. epidermis. E. myelin sheaths.

B. meninges.

Volatile chemical substances that elicit specific responses in other members of the same species are referred to as A. hormones. B. pheromones. C. neuroglia. D. meninges. E. cochleas.

B. pheromones.

While in the treatment room at your eye doctor, you bump a model of the eye and a sheet-like part falls out into your hand. When you replace it, you have put back the A. cornea. B. retina. C. pupil. D. iris. E. lens.

B. retina.

When you feel the sun on your skin, which is being activated? A. mechanoreceptor B. photoreceptor C. pain receptor D. thermoreceptor E. chemoreceptor

D. chemoreceptor

In myelinated axons A. potassium ions can diffuse into the axon only at gaps in the myelin. B. sodium ions can diffuse into the axon only at gaps in the myelin. C. sodium ions can diffuse out of the axon only at gaps in the myelin. D. All answers are correct.

B. sodium ions can diffuse into the axon only at gaps in the myelin.

The part of the central nervous system that conducts information to and from the brain is the A. motor neuron . B. spinal cord. C. sensory neuron. D. brainstem. E. medulla oblongata.

B. spinal cord.

The diagram shows a(n) ______ in action. A. muscle B. synapse C. voluntary movement D. involuntary movement E. reflex

B. synapse

What effect would Reminyl have on a neuron's ability to release neurotransmitters? A. It would decrease. B. It would stay the same. C. It would increase. D. It would increase, then decrease. E. No answer is correct.

C. It would increase.

A neuron fires when A. Na+ ions move against their concentration gradient spontaneously. B. Na+ ions are actively pumped down their concentration gradient. C. Na+ ions move down their concentration gradient spontaneously. D. Na+ ions are actively pumped against their concentration gradient. E. No answer is correct.

C. Na+ ions move down their concentration gradient spontaneously.

Which is true of olfactory cells and taste buds? A. Olfactory cells contain all of the possible olfactory receptors while taste buds can sense all of the primary tastes. B. Olfactory cells express a single olfactory receptor while taste buds can sense only one of the primary tastes. C. Olfactory cells express a single olfactory receptor while taste buds can sense 50 to 150 tastes. D. Olfactory cells contain all of the possible olfactory receptors while taste buds can sense only one of the primary tastes.

C. Olfactory cells express a single olfactory receptor while taste buds can sense 50 to 150 tastes.

An atom or molecule with an electrical charge is A. an isomer. B. an isotope. C. an ion. D. a neurotransmitter. E. an acid.

C. an ion.

The part of the neuron that is usually a single long extension that conducts an impulse to a muscle or another neuron is the A. synapse. B. cell body. C. axon. D. dendrite. E. myelin sheath.

C. axon.

The nervous tissue of the central nervous system that consists of neuron cell bodies and synapses is the A. white matter. B. white reflex. C. grey matter. D. grey reflex. E. red matter.

C. grey matter.

Dopamine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter released into neuromuscular synapses. Patients with schizophrenia have increased dopamine. Which symptoms would be expected in a patient with schizophrenia? A. slowed voluntary movements B. slowed senses C. hyperactive voluntary movements D. decreased mental ability and memory loss E. excessive sleeping

C. hyperactive voluntary movements

The size of the opening for light coming into the eye is regulated by A. cornea . B. pupil. C. iris. D. cone. E. lens.

C. iris.

If asked to point to the place on a model of the brain where essential functions such as breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate are regulated, you would point to A. cerebellum. B. hypothalamus. C. medulla oblongata. D. pons. E. cerebrum.

C. medulla oblongata.

If you were working with a patient with brain damage who had serious problems with homeostasis, you would suspect that the brain damage included the A. cerebellum. B. hypothalamus. C. medulla oblongata. D. pons. E. cerebrum.

C. medulla oblongata.

The type of neuron that conducts its message from the central nervous system toward an effector is the A. synaptic neuron. B. interneuron. C. motor neuron. D. sensory neuron. E. neuroglia.

C. motor neuron.

What is transported from a neuron, through the synaptic cleft, and received by the receptors of another cell (shown in blue in the figure)? A. sodium ions B. potassium ions C. neurotransmitters D. oxygen molecules E. neuroglia

C. neurotransmitters

When you look at the water, which is being activated? A. thermoreceptor B. pain receptor C. photoreceptor D. mechanoreceptor E. chemoreceptor

C. photoreceptor

The opening for light to enter into the eye is the A. cornea. B. retina. C. pupil. D. iris . E. lens.

C. pupil.

The three major roles of the human nervous system are A. sensory integration, glandular response, and motor response. B. seeing, feeling, and hearing. C. sensory input, sensory integration, and motor response. D. smooth muscle response, cardiac muscle response, and skeletal muscle response. E. No answer is correct.

C. sensory input, sensory integration, and motor response.

The three types of neurons in the nervous system of humans are A. interneurons, synaptic neurons, and neuroglia. B. synaptic neurons, motor neurons, and neuroglia. C. sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. D. interneurons, sensory neurons, and neuroglia. E. synaptic neurons, motor neurons, and sensory neurons.

C. sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons

The junctions between one neuron and another neuron are called A. axons. B. dendrites. C. synapses. D. cell bodies. E. myelin sheaths.

C. synapses.

At the snail-shaped _______________, sound is transduced into nerve impulses. A. audterm-97itory canal B. eardrum C. auditory nerve D. cochlea E. oval window

D. cochlea

A nerve impulse travels about __________ times faster when it leaps between gaps in the myelin sheath than when it travels along an unmyelinated axon. A. 5 B. 10 C. 20 D. 100 E. 50

D. 100

An action potential is generated when free nerve endings detect A. warm bath water. B. a cold pool. C. a kiss. D. All answers are correct . E. a tap on the shoulder.

D. All answers are correct

Which is detected with the general senses? A. kissing someone you care for B. shaking hands with an acquaintance C. someone pinching your cheeks D. All answers are correct. E. your finger on a hot stove

D. All answers are correct.

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which a person raises antibodies against myelin. How would this affect the nervous system? A. Nerve impulses would travel faster. B. Nerves would fire continuously. C. Nerves would be unable to fire. D. Nerve impulses would travel more slowly. E. Nerves cannot release neurotransmitters to pass the signal to muscles.

D. Nerve impulses would travel more slowly.

Why would this lead to paralysis and death? A. Neurons run out of energy. B. Neurons swell because of increased osmosis. C. Neurons can't recharge. D. Neurons can't fire without a voltage change. E. Neurons cannot release neurotransmitters.

D. Neurons can't fire without a voltage change.

What does the puffer fish neurotoxin tetrodotoxin directly inhibit? A. proteins involved in active transport B. channel proteins involved in osmosis C. proteins involved in ATP synthesis D. channel proteins involved in diffusion E. relaxation of muscles c

D. channel proteins involved in diffusion

A chemical that travels from a sending neuron to a receiving neuron is called a(n) A. synaptic cleft. B. action potential. C. hormone . D. neurotransmitter. E. neurotoxin.

D. neurotransmitter.

Toxins produced by scorpions cause sodium ion channels to become stuck open. These toxins cause pain by A. depolarizing motor neurons. B. polarizing sensory neurons. C. polarizing motor neurons. D. polarizing interneurons. E. depolarizing sensory neurons.

D. polarizing interneurons.

The type of neuron that brings information toward the central nervous system is the A. synaptic neuron. B. interneuron. C. motor neuron. D. sensory neuron. E. neuroglia.

D. sensory neuron.

Bone-conduction aids transmit sound waves directly to the oval window. This would bypass which of the following? A. the inner ear B. the outer ear C. the auditory canal D. the middle ear E. the cochlea

D. the middle ear

When you smell the cookies, which is being activated? A. mechanoreceptor B. thermoreceptor C. photoreceptor D. chemoreceptor E. pain receptor

D. thermoreceptor

In the cochlea, how is sound transmitted into nerve signals that reach the brain? A. through photoreceptors B. through thermoreceptors C. through pain receptors D. through mechanoreceptors E. through chemoreceptors

D. through mechanoreceptors

Which of the following is not one of the special senses? A. smell B. vision C. taste D. touch E. hearing

D. touch

Which is not one of the general senses? A. touch B. temperature C. pain D. vision E. position

D. vision

When a snake flicks its tongue the tips of the forked tongue pass through openings in the palate and contact sensory cells in the snout. How would this help a snake detect its prey? A. The snout touches the prey, stimulating mechanoreceptors that let the snake identify the prey. B. The snake can taste its prey when it bites it to tell if it is edible. C. The motion of the tongue moves air over the snake's snout, helping it to smell. D. The tongue touches the prey, stimulating mechanoreceptors that let the snake identify the prey. E. Odor molecules from the prey are brought to the snake's receptors.

E Odor molecules from the prey are brought to the snake's receptors.

An action potential will occur only if A. sodium ions are released into the interior of the axon. B. the interior of the axon becomes less negative than the resting potential. C. the threshold potential is reached. D. a stimulus triggers a neuron to fire. E. All answers are correct.

E. All answers are correct.

. The condition that develops when acetylcholine levels in the brain are deficient is A. epilepsy. B. insomnia. C. Parkinson disease. D. Huntington disease. E. Alzheimer disease.

E. Alzheimer disease.

The condition that develops when dopamine levels in the brain are deficient is A. epilepsy. B. insomnia. C. Alzheimer disease. D. Huntington disease. E. Parkinson disease.

E. Parkinson disease.

The layer of the wall of the eye that contains blood vessels that supply nutrients to the sheet of photoreceptors at the back of the eye and becomes the iris at the front of the eye is the A. sclera. B. retina. C. vitreous humor. D. aqueous humor. E. choroid.

E. choroid.

Which is not controlled by the nervous system? A. breathing B. heartbeat C. removing your hand from a hot surface D. removing your hand from a cold surface E. diffusion of water into cells

E. diffusion of water into cells

In humans, which is used primarily to detect sharp blows and excessive heat? A. mechanoreceptor B. chemoreceptor C. photoreceptor D. thermoreceptor E. pain receptor

E. pain receptor

If you were using electrodes and chemical tests to find a resting neuron, you would look for a neuron in which A. active transport is not occurring. B. sodium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside. C. very little metabolism is taking place . D. the inside of a neuron is positively charged as compared to the outside. E. potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside.

E. potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside.

A phenomenon in which sensations become less noticeable with prolonged exposure is called A. gradient adaptation. B. an action potential. C. a graded potential. D. radiating adaptation . E. sensory adaptation.

E. sensory adaptation.

The nervous tissue that consists of myelinated axons transmitting information throughout the central nervous system is the A. white reflex. B. grey matter. C. red reflex. D. red matter. E. white matter.

E. white matter.

True / False If a neuron is at rest, the concentration of potassium ions is greatest outside the cell and the concentration of sodium ions is greatest inside the cell.

FALSE

True / False Unmyelinated regions are critical parts of synapses.

FALSE

True / False A pheromone is a volatile chemical substance that elicits a specific response in members of a different species.

FALSE

True / False In humans, taste buds are most highly concentrated on the inside surface of the lips of the mouth.

FALSE

"Threshold potential" is is a synonym for "action potential."

TRUE

A neuron's resting potential is set by the ATP-potassium pump

TRUE

A threshold potential is like a tipping point past that an action potential starts.

TRUE

ATP is used to power the creation of a neuron's resting potential.

TRUE

Grasshopper mice have fewer action potentials when bitten by scorpions.

TRUE