oof

which of the following athletes would likely benefit most from supplementing with sodium bicarbonate

-400 meter sprinter

permitted substances

-caffeine -quercetin

veronica plays on her colleges club rugby team. she has heard from some of her friends that caffeine can help some athletes during physical activity. with that in mind, she is considering drinking a 1 ounce "energy shot" before her next rugby match. the label for the energy shot she plans on consuming is shown above. in addition to caffeine, what are other ingredients found in the energy shot?

-certain b vitamins -certain amino acids -sodium

which of the following physiologic effects can be attributed to the consumption of a stimulant such as caffeine?

-cns arousal -release of epinephrine -increased levels of free fatty acids

warning signs for anorexia nervousa

-dramatic weight loss -a preoccupation with food, kcal, and weight

which of the following dietary chhoices would assist in supporting health weight gain?

-drinking a glass of 2% milk rather than skim milk -drink more fruit juice -chose nuts and fruits over crackers

binge eating disorder

-eating until uncomfortably full and gastro complaints

which of the following are possible health risks associated with the use of anabolic androgenc steroids?

-facial and body acne -increased aggressiveness -high blood pressure -jaundice - facial and body hair growth in females

which of the following are recommended guidelines for a person trying to gain weight, particularly muscle mass?

-get enough rest -start a resistance training program -increase intake of energy and protein

banned substances

-glycine -ma huang -maca rot powder

jenny has noticed she has been feeling very lethargic mid-afternoon so she has started having an afternoon cup of coffee. what are the effects of caffeine that jenny will likely experience following her mid afternoon cup of coffee?

-increased alertness -improved mood -less perceived fatigue

jane was performing a resistance exercise routine in which she moved from exercise to exercise taking only about a 30 sec break in b/t exercises. This length of rest period would be most applicable to which of the following training programs?

-muscular hypertrophy -local muscular endurance -

warning signs for bulimia

-noticeable weight loss or weight gain -bathroom visits after meals

bulimia nervousa

-self induced vomiting -laxative and diuretic usage

which of the following are reasons why athletes should carefully consider taking an ergogenic aid to promote performance?

-the purity and amount of the stimulant in the product are not well controlled -the fda does not regulate the production and sales of dietary supplements -there may be negative side effects associated with the use of supplements

What blood alcohol level is the standard for drunkenness in the United States and Canada

.08

The recommended protein intake for a healthy 25-year-old female who engages in moderate-intensity exercise a few days a week is _______ grams of protein per kilogram body weight.

.8

Each of the following athletes is considered an "elite" young athlete. Rank the athletes in terms of their protein needs (based on kg body weight). A ranking of (1) indicates the athlete has the greatest per kg need for protein and a ranking of (3) indicates the athlete has the lowest per kg need for protein.

1- weight lifting (gain period) 2 competitive basketball 3. marathon running

The hypothalamus is an important control center in the brain that influences satiety (the feeling of fullness). Put the components of the process of satiation in order from start to finish of satiety process.

1. Sensing the flavor of food. 2. Knowledge that a meal has just been eaten. 3. Expansion and activity of stomach and intestines. 4. Brain registers satiety signals and overcomes feelings of hunger. 5. Nutrient use in liver and communication of use by hypothalamus and other parts of the brain.

Rank each of the following foods in terms of their protein content. A ranking of (1) indicates the food has the most protein and a ranking of (3) indicates the food has the least protein.

1. greek yogurt 2.. quinoa 3. peanut butter

Match each of the following athletes with their recommended protein intake.

1.6-2.0-Strength-trained, gain muscle mass 1.2-2.0- endurance- trained 1.4-2.0-- intermittent high intensity

Regular high-intensity resistance training can lead to both an increase in muscle fiber size and an increase in muscle fiber number. Match each term with the correct definition. Hypertrophy- Hyperplesia-

1.Increase in muscle fiber size 2.Increase in muscle fiber number

Match each of the following principles with the correct explanation of that principle. 1.Increasing the amount of weight and/or number of repititions to place greater than normal stress on the muscle 2. Slowly increasing the amount of resistance as a person builds strength 3.Adapting resistance-training program to the specific demands of a sport 4. Planning exercises in a logical order to optimize performance 5. Allowing adequate rest between sets to maintain quality of the workout 6. Dividing training into time cycles of various durations that differ in volume and intensity of training

1.Principle of overload 2.Principle of progressive resistance exercise 3.Principle of specificity 4. Principle of exercise sequence 5.Principle of recuperation 6.Principle of periodization

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, saturated fat intake should be limited to less than _______.

10 percent of total kcal

Mateo consumes approximately 2,500 kcal daily. Based on the AMDR for protein, Mateo should consume _______ percent of his total daily kcal from protein.

10-35

A major mineral is defined as a mineral that the body needs in amounts greater than _______ daily.

100 mg

Viola is a collegiate volleyball player whose protein needs have been determined to be 1.4 g/kg body weight. Viola is 6'2" tall and weighs 170 lbs. Based on this information, Viola should consume approximately _______ g protein daily.

108

One-half of a bagel provides about 30 grams of carbohydrate. The carbohydrate in the bagel supplies about _______ kcal.

120

An endurance athlete exercising for more than one hour should consider replenishing fluids with an electrolyte drink. Many popular sports drinks are sold in 20 fluid ounce (fl oz) bottles. If 8 fl oz of a sports drink provides 50 kcal, how many kcal are provided in the 20 fl oz bottle?

125

Kimberly is a 24-year old female who weighs 140 lbs. Use the following resting energy expenditure (REE) formula to calculate Kimberly's daily REE. (14.7 x body weight in kg) + 496

1429.45

According to the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, healthy adults should engage in at least _______ minutes a week of moderate-intensity physical activity or _______ minutes a week of vigorous-intensity physical activity.

150,75

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy adults should consume less than _______ of sodium daily.

2,300 mg

If Anthony weighs 240 pounds and has an average basal metabolic rate of 1.0 kcal/kg/hour, determine his basal metabolic rate (BMR).

2,616 kcal/day

Ava is a 22-year-old female who weighs 160 pounds and is 66 in

2,673 kcal

Ava is a 22-year-old female who weighs 160 pounds and is 66 inches tall. She has recently gained a few pounds and wants to calculate her daily kcal needs to make sure she's consuming the proper number of kcal. Ava is very active—she is training for the police academy so she is constantly moving throughout the day in addition to at least one hour of exercise per day. Use a PA factor of 1.3 to calculate her current energy needs.

2,673 kcal

According to the Adequate Intake (AI), a healthy adult female should consume _______ liters of water daily

2.7

Meghan exercises most days of the week for 60-75 minutes each session. She likes to do a combination of aerobic training, such as running on the treadmill or using the elliptical machine, and then lifts weights for 20-30 minutes. To optimize protein synthesis, you might recommend to Meghan that she consume at least _______ grams of high-quality protein immediately postexercise.

20

There are _______ amino acids that are uniquely combined to make up proteins important for human health and wellness.

20

Frankie does high-intensity intermittent training five days per week. To optimize exercise recovery, Frankie should consume _______.

20 to 25 g of high-quality within 30 minutes of exercise

According to the AMDRs, fat should supply _______ percent of a healthy adult's total kcal intake.

20-35

Match each of the following principles with the correct explanation of that principle.

23

Complete the statement with the correct arrow explaining how resistance exercise impacts them

24

Identify which priciple of training is represented in each scenario

25

Complete the following statements regarding dietary supplements promoted for weight gain.

28

Vince is a 35-year-old healthy male. Based on the Adequate Intake (AI) for water, Vince should consume _______ liters of water daily.

3.7

Insensible perspiration accounts for about _______ percent of body-water losses.

30

One pound of body fat contains approximately ________ kcal potential energy

3500

Pro surfer Selena has heard that drinking 8-12 oz of low-fat chocolate milk after exercise can help to promote exercise recovery. This is because chocolate milk contains what many consider an "ideal" ratio of carbohydrate and protein, _______ parts carbohydrate: 1 part protein.

4 4:1 ratio carb-protein

Halfway through her first college semester, Lisa is doing well losing some of the weight she put on at the beginning of the school year. Her highest weight was 180 pounds and she now weighs 170 pounds. How many kilograms of body weight has Lisa lost?

4.5 kilograms

When a person is at rest, carbohydrate supplies approximately _________ percent of the body's energy needs.

40

If you were to eat one serving of this food product, how many kcal would you be consuming from added sugars?

40 kcal from added sugars

Which of the following athletes would likely benefit most from supplementing with sodium bicarbonate?

400 meter sprint

Xavier is a 26-year-old male who competes in one or two sprint triathlons per year. You have calculated his total daily energy needs to be 3,000 kcal. Based on consuming 55% of his kcal from carbohydrates, 25% of his kcal from fat, and 20% of his kcal from protein, how many grams of carbohydrate, fat, and protein should he be consuming daily?

413 grams-carbs 83-fat 150-protein

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 1 in _______ American adults meet the minimum physical activity recommendations.

5

The average healthy human body is about _______ percent water.

50-60

Based on the AMDR for protein for healthy adults, a person consuming 2,200 kcal daily should consume at least _______ grams of protein daily.

55 ± 2

Maurice is running in a 10K road race next weekend. He will be running _______ miles during the 10 kilometer run.

6.2

Paolo eats a mixed diet of carbohydrate, protein, and fat. When Paolo's body is at rest, approximately what percent of his total energy expenditure is derived from fat?

60%

Wyatt is a healthy 22-year-old male who consumes approximately 2,600 kcal daily. Based on the AMDR for protein, what is the minimum amount of protein Wyatt should consume each day?

65 grams

Zane eats approximately 3,000 kcal daily. Based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Density Range (AMDR) for fat, Zane should consume _______ grams of fat daily.

67-117

A protein shake provides 20 grams of protein. The protein in the shake provides _______ kcal.

80

Use the Nutrition Facts panel to determine the number of kcal provided by carbohydrates in one serving of crackers. One serving of the crackers provides _______ kcal from carbohydrates.

88 ± 3

Sydney is drinking a protein shake that contains 10 grams of fat. The fat in the protein shake provides _______ kcal

90

Which of the following are examples of FDA-approved nutrient content claims? Check all that apply.

A food that is "a good source of fiber" provides 2.5 to 4.9 grams of fiber per serving. An "extra lean" meat provides less than 5 grams of total fat, 2 grams of saturated fat, and 95 milligrams of cholesterol per serving. A "kcal free" food must provide zero kcals per serving.

A kilocalorie is a unit of the energy content of food. Which definition best describes how much energy is in one kilocalorie?

A kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water by 1° Celsius.

Use the following terms to fill in the blanks for each statement.

A person's diet is likely to be nutritionally adequate if the average daily intake for each nutrient meets the nutrient's RDA or Al value. If a person's diet consistently supplies less than the EAR for a nutrient, the individual may be at risk of developing the nutrient's deficiency disorder. If a person's intake of a nutrient is consistently above its UL, this individual is at risk of developing that nutrient's toxicity disorder.

Which energy substance is a DIRECT source of energy used by the body to perform a multitude of functions, such as muscle contraction?

ATP

Genevieve is a professional athlete who regularly competes in power-lifting events. Which energy system is most important for Genevieve's success as a power-lifting athlete?

ATP-PCr system

Fill in the blanks using the word bank.

About 20 percent of ingested alcohol may be absorbed by the stomach. The remainder is absorbed from the small intestine. The majority of alcohol is metabolized by the liver, which can metabolize about 1/3 oz of alcohol per hour. Although alcohol is derived from the fermentation of carbohydrates, it is metabolized in the body as fats

Complete the following statements regarding dietary supplements promoted for weight gain.

According to scientific reviews, there is no scientific evidence of muscle growth. Effectiveness of much of the nutritional supplement market has not been evaluated. There is only minimal evidence to support amino acids, vitamins, and minerals as performance-enhancing agents. Protein supplements have supportive evidence of increasing muscle mass. Studies report creatine plus resistance training increase total mass in adults over 60.

Resistance exercise and aerobic exercise both bring about health related benefits. Which of the following statements regarding these health benefits is true?

Aerobic exercise programs burn more kcal than resistance exercise.

Resistance exercise and aerobic exercise both bring about health related benefits. Which of the following statements regarding these health beneifts is true?

Aerobic exercise programs burn more kcal than resistance exercise.

Which of the following statements concerning protein metabolism and exercise is NOT true?

After exercise, protein balance is at the very most maintained, but is usually negative.

To calculate an individual's resting energy expenditure (REE), informaation about the person's gender, height, weight, physocal activity, and ____ are needed.

Age

Rest and recovery are important components of an exercise plan. Fill in each sentence with the appropriate term related to rest, recovery, and physical performance.

Allowing rest between multiple sets and between workouts (Principle of Recuperation) can prevent injury from excessive exercise (Principle of Overuse). However, too much time between exercise bouts can cause the body to lose adaptations made over the course of the exercise program (Principle of Reversibility).

in anorexia athletica, what begins as a means to control weight for athletic competition on a short term basis may develop into a long term medical problem. which of the following statements about anorexia is true?

Amenorrheic athletes have low bone density levels in non weight bearing bones, such as the spine and are more prone to musculoskeletal injuries

In anorexia athletica, what begins as a means to control weight for athletic competition on a short-term basis may develop into a long-term medical problem. Which of the following statements about anorexia athletica is true?

Amenorrheic athletes have low bone-density levels in non-weight-bearing bones, such as the spine, and are more prone to musculoskeletal injuries

Jenny has noticed that her friend has lost a considerable amount of weight over the semester and is beginning to look underweight. Match the following symptoms with the associated disorder to help Jenny identify what weight loss issue her friend may have.

Anorexia Nervosa- Highly restrictive eating Bulimia Nervosa- self inducing vomiting laxative and diuretic usage Binge eating disorder- eating i=until uncomfortably full Anorexia Athletica- delayed puberty gastrointestinal complaints

Which hormone helps in the conservation of body water?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of the following athletes is at the greatest risk for a defiency of vitamin D?

Athlete who lives at a higher latitude and who trains indoors

Calie recently lost 30 lbs and she is currently trying to maintain that weight loss. She is at breakfast with colleagues and can chose between a chocolate croissant or banana bran muffin. Which breakfast choice would be most in line with recommendations for healthy eating to maintain weight loss?

Banana bran muffin

Which of the following accounts for the largest component of the average adult's total daily energy expenditure?

Basal metabolism

According to the label on the weight loss supplement shown above, the supplement will "Block Fat" and "Burn Calories." Which of the following statements about this weight-loss supplement are true? Check all that apply.

Because it is a dietary supplement, this weight-loss supplement should be safe to take Given the claims on the supplement label, this supplement is one that has been approved by the FDA

Eating until uncomfortably full, eating when not hungry, eating alone, and feeling disgusted, depressed, or guilty after eating are characteristics most common of _______.

Binge eating disorder

Twenty-year-old Blake is participating in a triathlon (long-distance swim, bike, and run) that will require him to compete for several hours straight. After three hours of sustained exercise, what are the main sources of energy that will continue to fuel Blake as he participates in the triathlon?

Blood glucose and plasma free fatty acids

Following a snack or meal, blood glucose levels will rise. Which of the following are possible fates of the glucose found in the bloodstream? Check all that apply.

Blood glucose can be used for energy Blood glucose can be converted into either liver or muscle glycogen.

Which of the following components are most commonly measured when assessing body composition? Check all that apply.

Bone mineral density

Which of the following dietary supplements have been shown in the research to help increase muscle mass in conjunction with resistance training? Check all that apply.

Branched Chain Amino Acids Creatine monohydrate Glutamine

Which of the following foods contains the greatest percentage of fat from saturated fatty acids?

Butter

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, _______ is considered a "nutrient of public health concern."

Calcium

Ashlyn is a 16-year-old soccer player who, over the past six months, has been experiencing fatigue during her soccer matches. Her high school matches are usually about two or three hours after school and Ashlyn rarely eats a snack or meal after school. To help prevent fatigue during her soccer match, Ashlyn should consume a healthy, _______-rich snack after school and before her soccer matches.

Carbohydrate

The major source of energy for high intensity aerobic endurance activities is _________.

Carbohydrate

Carbohydrates are an important macronutrient for fueling muscles. During exercise, what are the body's sources of carbohydrates? Check all that apply.

Carbohydrate can come from glycogen stored in the muscle cells. Carbohydrate can come from production by the pancreas. Carbohydrate can come from glycogen stored in the liver cells

Carbohydrates are an important macronutrient for fueling muscles. During exercise, where can the body get carbohydrate? Check all that apply.

Carbohydrate can come from glycogen stored in the muscle cells. Carbohydrate can come from production by the pancreas. Carbohydrate can come from glycogen stored in the liver cells.

Which of the following physiologic effects can be attributed to the consumption of a stimulant such as caffeine? Check all that apply.

Central nervous system arousal Decreased use of intramuscular triglycerides

Veronica plays on her college's club rugby team. She has heard from some of her friends that caffeine can help some athletes during physical activity. With that in mind, she is considering drinking a 1-ounce "energy shot" before her next rugby match. The label for the energy shot she plans on consuming is shown above. In addition to caffeine, what are other ingredients found in the energy shot? Check all that apply

Certain B-vitamins Certain amino acids

Several government and professional health organizations have compiled a list of recommendations when evaluating commercial weight-loss programs. Based on those guidelines, which of the following characteristics would you recommend a person look for when evaluating a commercial weight-loss program?

Characteristics to look for in a commercial weight-loss program- The program has a nutrition-education component that stresses permanent lifestyle changes. The program includes both aerobic and resistance exercises. The program recommends cutting energy intake to no more than 800 kcal per day.

Which of the following foods is likely to contain the most saturated fat?

Cheese burger

Which of the following minerals is most important for ion balance in cells?

Chloride

Place the following images in order from highest daily energy (kcal) requirement to the lowest.

Construction worker exercise on lunch break engineer at factory women reading book

Santiago plays competitive basketball. Which of the following statements are true concerning recommendations of what Santiago should consume DURING a basketball game? Check all that apply.

Consume adequate water Consume a sports drink as a source of carbohydrate and electrolytes Consume protein, such as a protein shake Consume small amounts of fat, such as from almonds or walnuts

Which of the following is NOT one of the overarching guidelines from the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Consume only plant-based foods.

Which of the following hormones or neuoropeptides inhibit appetite? Check all that apply.

Cortisol Ghrelin

Which of the following dietary supplements have been shown in the research to help increase muscle mass in conjuction with resistance training?

Creatine monohydrate Protein

Jacob is a high school football player. Over the past several months, many of his teammates have started talking about taking creatine supplements. Jacob is considering starting a creatine supplement, but has come to you for advice. Which of the following statements about creatine supplementation is true?

Creatine supplementation may be beneficial for certain athletes, including football players and other athletes participating in high-intensity activities.

Complete the following statements by dragging the correct arrow to demonstrate ways to implement the principle of progression in a workout.

DOWN rest periods between intervals UP Incline while running at a constant speed UP number of reps performed DOWN days of between workouts UP speed while biking same route to work

Which of the following have been identified by The National Weight Loss Registry as key behaviors of individuals who have successfully lost weight and maintained this weight loss?

Do 30 minutes of physical activity 3 days per week Weigh oneself frequently Eat a diet low in saturated fat

Which of the following is true for exercise when fat is the energy source?

During rest, most of the energy needs of the body are met by the supply of plasma FFA to the cells. Hormones, such as epinephrine, are secreted during exercise, activate HSL, and these stimulate the release of FFA into the blood. During high-intensity exercise, 75 percent of the total energy cost is derived from carbohydrates, while the other 25 percent or less is derived from fat. All of the choices are correct*

Which of the following have been identified. The National Weight Loss Registry as key behaviors of individuals who have successfully lost weight and maintained this weight loss?

Eat a low-kcal diet Weigh oneself frequently Eat a diet low in saturated fat

Vivianne is motivated and ready to lose weight that she has gained over the past 20 years. Which of the following are appropropriate recommendations you might make to Vivianne to lose weight? Check all that apply.

Eat more nutrient-dense foods Avoid all carbohydratest Reduce intake of saturated fats

Vivanne is motivated and ready to lose weight that she has gained over the past 20 years. Which of the following are appropriate reccommendations you might make to Vivianne to lose weight? Check all that apply?

Eat more nutrient-dense foods Reduce intake of saturated fats Eat more fruits and veggies

Which of the following dietary choices would assist in supporting healthy weight gain? Check all that apply.

Eating a hamburger instead of a tenderloin Drinking a glass of 2 percent milk rather than skim milk

Tyler has decided that he wants to play football next year so he would like to put on some muscle prior to practice starting. Which of the following recommendations should Tyler follow if he is looking to gain muscle mass? Check all that apply.

Emphasize cross-training with an increase in aerobic exercise Design a program with low to moderate repetitions and higher weight

Carlos has been trying to gain weight by working out and eating more kcal. Over the past six months, Carlos has put on 20 extra pounds. How will this weight gain impact his energy expenditure if his exercise bouts remain the same?

Energy expenditure will increase.

Research involving creatine supplementation has shown it to have a positive ergogenic effect on all but which of the following?

Energy metabolism when treadmill running at 50-90 percent of VO2 max

Match each of the following terms with the correct explanation.

Energy necessary to absorb, transport, store, and metabolize food after a meal.-TEF A building process, including making more complex substances from individual nutrients (e.g., making glycogen from individual glucose molecules).-anabolism The sum total of all physical and chemical changes that take place within the body.-metabolism Energy necessary for a person to sustain normal physiological function when at rest. BMR

Jean has noticed that since starting her office job 6 months ago she has gained 10 pounds. Though she is enjoying the new job and going out with new coworkers, she has been getting to bed later and getting up earlier. In reflecting back at the changes that she has made during this time, identify which of the following are environmental factors versus genetic factors that could have contributed to her weight gain?

Environmental- decreased activity consumed more food consuming more high fat food lack of sleep Genetic- preference of sweet low hormonial appetite greater number of fat cells

Marcel has been trying different supplements to enhance weight loss in combination with his training. His roommates have recently noticed that Marcelo has been standoffish, irritable, and staying up late at night. Which of the following supplements is most likely causing these side effects?

Ephedra

Which hormone secreted during exercise, particularly intense exercise, is the key hormone for mobilizing glucose from the liver and fatty acids from the adipose tissue to provide blood sources of energy to the muscle?

Epinephrine

Which of the following statements relative to protein metabolism is false?

Essential amino acids can be formed in the liver from carbohydrate and nitrogen from non-essential amino acids.

Select the appropriate term to complete each statement regarding behaviors of self-discipline, self-control, and advanced planning.

Establish weight loss GOALS Commit to permanent LIFESTYLE CHANGES Think about weight loss before EATING Take small PORTIONS Plan for modest daily energy DEFICIT Check BODY WEIGHT regularly

Select the appropriate term to complete each statement regarding behaviors of self-discipline, self-control, and advanced planning.

Establish weight-loss goals. Commit to permanent lifestyle changes. Think about weight loss before eating. Take small portions. Plan for modest daily energy deficit. Check body weight regularly.

The graph below shows the relationship between heart rate, kcal expenditure, oxygen consumption, and rate of percieved exertion and exercise intensity. Identify which factors are associated with a high exercise intensity and which are associated with low exercise intesnity.

Exercise intensity is HIGH- Oxygen consumption is high Rate of percieved exertion is high. Exercise intensity is LOW- Heart rate is low Kcal expenditure is low

Identify if the statements applies to the use of diet or exercise in relationship to weight loss by dragging the statement into the correct column.

Exercise- Loss in body fat and gain in lean mass Maintain or raise resting energy expenditure. Diet- Rapid early weight reduction Losses in body fat and lean mass

A major mineral is one that is needed by the human body in amounts of 1000 mg or more daily. (T/F)

False

A nonessential amino acid that is in short supply in a particular food is called a limiting amino acid.

False

According to recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine and Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, endurance-trained athletes should consume 1.6-2.0 g of protein per kg body weight daily.

False

Calorimeters were developed to measure both chemical and mechanical energy.

False

Chylomicrons are made in the liver and transport lipids from the liver to tissues throughout the body.

False

Insensible perspiration is the major source of sodium chloride loss in the body and accounts for approximately 30 percent of body water loss. (T/F)

False

Most studies report that athletes are consuming adequate amounts of calcium on a daily basis. (T/F)

False

The MET is a unit that represents multiples of the thermal energy expenditure rate.

False

The body can store excess amino acids for later use during physical activity.

False

Victoria competes in sprint speed skating events. During such high-intensity sprint events, fats are the most important fuel for the activity.

False

Which of the following is true of lipids?

Fatty acids are classified according to the number of carbon atoms and the number of double bonds

Which of the following would be considered a component of health-related fitness?

Flexibility

Izzy is overweight and motivated to lose 20lbs over the next six months. Drag each of the following suggestions to reduce overeating into the correct category.

Food Purchasing- Do not shop when hungry Prepare a shopping list with healthy options Food preperation and serving- Limit use of added sugars and unhealthy fats in meal preperation Use a small plate. Self-discipline and self-control- Check weight regularly. Create a modest 300-500kcal per day energy deficit.

A high-protein diet may affect the body on a number of different levels. Drag the potential consequence of high-protein intake to its correct sentence.

From a bone and blood health standpoint, some studies indicate that a high-protein diet can increase urinary calcium losses. Many high-protein foods are animal-based sources of protein, which are often high in saturated fat and cholesterol. For this reason, a high animal-protein diet may increase risk of cardiovascular disease. Renal function may also be affected by high-protein diets and some researchers have expressed concern that a high-protein intake may hurt the kidneys by forcing extra urea excretion. Curing agents used in meats like ham and salami and substances formed during red meat cookery at high temperatures may cause cancer.

Drag each food group label to the matching food items on MyPlate.

Fruit vegetable protein grains dairy

George is getting ready to participate in a local 5k "Reindeer Ramble." In looking at the weather, the temperature at race time will be about 30oF! His friends are all taking a couple of shots of whiskey prior to the race because they said it warms the body. What should George do?

George should not consume any alcohol because it can cause vasodilation, which may lead to a decrease in his core temperature.

Match each of the following examples of dietary supplements with the category in which it fits.

George takes a supplement containing ma huang-herb Evelyn takes a supplement containing folate-vitamin Maurice takes a supplement containing leucine-amino acid Bernadette takes a supplement containing calcium- mineral

Which of the following hormones or neuropeptides is secreted from the gastrointestinal tract and stimulates appetite?

Ghrelin

Which hormone is secreted from the pancreas as a result of low blood glucose levels?

Glucagon

View the animation below, then complete the questions to test your knowledge of the concept.

Glucose

Which of the following individuals are most likely to experience positive health benefits as a result of their alcohol intake?

Grace, a 55-year-old assistant that has a glass of red wine every night at dinner with her husband.

Which of the following groups of athletes may be susceptible to a nutrient deficiency due to inadequate or sporadic caloric intake?

Gymnasts and ballet dancers Endurance athletes attempting to improve efficiency through weight loss Wrestlers attempting to make a low weight class Bodybuilders trying to attain a low body fat percentage All of these groups may be susceptible to a nutrient deficiency*

Which lipoprotein is theorized to transport cholesterol from the periphery to the liver for excretion (reverse cholesterol transport)?

HDL

Leonera has always been a runner, but recently started adding more resistance training to her daily workout. Which of the following are important safety precautions for Leonera to consider with resistance training? Check all that apply

Have a spotter when using free weights, such as doing a bench press Learn and use proper techniques Protect your lower back Breathe properly, being sure not to hold breath

Lenora has always been a runner, but recently started adding more resistance training to her daily workout. Which of the following are important safety precautions for Lenora to consider with resistance training? Check all that apply.

Have a spotter when using free weights, such as doing a bench press Raise weights slowly and lower them quickly

Which of the following factors is generally associated with an increase in resting energy expenditure?

Having a larger muscle mass, as compared to body fat

Which of the following chronic diseases may be prevented by appropriate lifestyle behaviors? Check all that apply.

Heart Disease Cancer Stroke Osteoporosis Diabetes

According to data from 2015, the leading cause of death in the United States is _______.

Heart disease

Regional fat distribution (the distribution of body fat such as the apple or pear shape), may have implications for the development of chronic diseases. Which two diseases may be associated with upper body or abdominal fat, the apple shape?

Heart disease and diabetes

The graph below shows the relationship between heart rate, kcal expenditure, oxygen consumption, and rate of perceived exertion and exercise intensity. Identify which factors are associated with a high exercise intensity and which are associated with a low exercise intensity.

High oxygen consumption is high rate of perceived exertion is high Low- heart rate is low kcal expenditure

Research suggests that creatine supplementation is MOST likely to enhance performance in which of the following types of physical performance tasks?

High intensity exercise lasting 6-30 seconds

Food sources of protein can be classified as either complete or incomplete proteins. Identify which of the following foods are high-quality complete proteins and which are lower-quality incomplete proteins. Drag the food to its appropriate classification.

High quality- salmon egg milk, low quality- whole wheat bread, kidney beans, mixed nuts

Excessive loss of sweat during exercise in the heat will lead to a body condition known as _________.

Hypohydration

Jerome is a wrestler getting ready to head into in-season competition and needs to cut weight. Which of the following statements is true about weight loss and sport performance?

If Jerome can meet his goal weight while maintaining blood sugar levels, proper hydration, and without excessive loss of muscle then physical performance should not be negatively affected.

jerome is a wrestler getting ready to head into in-season competition and needs to cut weight. which of the following statements is true about weight loss and performance?

If jerome can meet his goal weight while maintaining blood sugar levels, proper hydration, and without excessive loss of muscle then physical performance should not be negatively effective

Alternative sweeteners are also called artificial sweeteners. They add sweetness to a food or beverage product, but provide little or no kcal. Place the alternative sweetener term into each sentence to make it correct

In 2008, the FDA approved a sweetener derived from a South American shrub called stevia; you can purchase this sweetener as a dietary supplement called Sweet Leaf ®. The oldest alternative sweetener is saccharin, which in North America is marketed as Sweet'N Low ®. Another sweetener that is made by combining the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid with methanol is called aspartame and it is marketed as Equal ®. The sweetener acesulfame-K is often combined with aspartame in soft drinks; it contains potassium and is marketed as Sunette ®. Chemically adding three chlorines to a sucrose molecule creates sucralose, and you find this artificial sweetener marketed in stores and restaurants as Splenda ®.

Karl is exercising on the elliptical machine at the gym. As the intensity of his physical activity increases, his oxygen consumption will _______.

Increase

Which of the following are recommended guidelines for a person trying to gain weight, particularly muscle mass? Check all that apply.

Increase caffeine intake Strive to gain about 2 lbs per week Start a resistance-training program

Which of the following are possible health risks associated with use of anabolic-androgenic steroids? Check all that apply.

Increased HDL-cholesterol Increased aggressiveness

Jenny has noticed she has been feeling very lethargic mid-afternoon so she has started having an afternoon cup of coffee. What are the effects of caffeine that Jenny will likely experience following her mid-afternoon cup of coffee? Check all that apply.

Increased alertness Improved mood

Despite advertisements and fad diet promises, there is no quick solution to being overweight. Successful weight loss comes from hard work and commitment. The most reliable approach to weight loss includes all of the following EXCEPT

Increased dietary supplement use

Which of the following leading causes of death in the United States is NOT generally associated with one's diet and physical activity habits?

Influenza and pneumonia

The hormone _______ is secreted following consumption of a meal. This hormone stimulates the uptake and utilization of glucose by cells.

Insulin

Which of the following hormones is involved in reducing the amount of glucose in the blood in reaction to hyperglycemia?

Insulin

Following a meal, blood glucose levels rise and the hormone insulin is secreted. Which of the following statements about insulin is TRUE?

Insulin facilitates the uptake and utilization of glucose by tissues.

Which of the following factors is the MOST important impacting the thermic effect of exercise (TEE), also called the exercise metabolic rate (EMR)?

Intensity of the physical activity

The map below shows the percentage of the population who are physically inactive in the United States. Based on this map, people in which of the following states are LEAST likely to engage in regular physical activity?

Kentucky

Which of the following statements about ketones is false?

Ketones are made when carbohydrates are consumed in excess.

Which of the following is true concerning the functions of lipids in the body?

Ketones are metabolic byproducts of excess fatty acid metabolism and are an important energy source during fasting and starvation

Which of the following amino acids is associated with the increase in BCAA oxidation during prolonged exercise?

Leucine

Supplementation with some amino acids has been theorized to decrease the formation of serotonin in the brain and possibly help delay the onset of central nervous system fatigue in prolonged aerobic endurance exercise. Which amino acids are theorized to do this?

Leucine, isoleucine, and valine

Identify which of the amino acids are considered branched-chain amino acids.

Leucine, isoleucine, valine

Tyler has decided that he wants to play football next year so he would like to put on some muscle prior to practice starting.

Limit rest periods between sets 30-60 seconds Design a program with low to moderate reps and higher weight

Where is the majority of glycogen found in the human body?

Liver and muscle

Ariana is a second year college student who lives on campus and works as a residential advisor (RA) in one of the campus dorms. She walks between classes (about 2 miles per day), but does not participate in any additional structured physical activity. Based on this information, Ariana's total daily energy expenditure would be calculated using the _______ category.

Low active

Your friend saw an advertisement online for a supplement containing medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs). Which of the following statements about MCTs is true?

MCTs are absorbed directly into the blood without being converted into chylomicrons

Which of the following is not a major function of zinc?

Maintenance of fluid balance

Which of the following statements about animal proteins is true?

Many animal proteins are considered complete proteins

In many cases, fatigue during physical activity can be prevented and/or managed through proper physiological, psychological, and biomechanical training. Which of the following is considered psychological training to prevent fatigue?

Meeting with a sports psychologist to manage the stress of competition

Which of the following foods would be considered a poor source of iron?

Milk

Chromium and boron supplements would be an example of which major classification of nutritional supplement?

Mineral

Classify each of the following activities as moderate- or vigorous-intensity exercises.

Modern- doubles tennis golf Pilates vigorous- singles tennis jogging competitive basketball

Olive oil is one of the best sources of _______ fatty acids.

Monounsatured

Which of the following statements about android-type obesity is false?

More common in females than males

Although there is error associated with the prediction of body fat percentages from all measurement techniques currently being used in most fitness facilities and research laboratories, which of the following is believed to be the most accurate measure of body composition?

Multicomponent technique using several methods

jane was performing a resistance exercise routine in which she moved from exercise to exercise taking only about a 30-second break in between exercises. This length of rest period would be most applicable to which of the following training programs? Check all that apply.

Muscular hypertrophy Muscular strength

Drag the labels to their correct location on the chemical structure of alanine.

NH2- amino acid CH3- Rgroup CHo2- carboxylic acid group

Protein plays many roles in the body. Drag the case study situation to its corresponding protein function classification.

Needed to make body compenents-

Which of the following statements about niacin is true?

Niacin is found naturally in many foods and can also be formed in the body from tryptophan.

Alpha-linolenic acid is a/an _______ fatty acid.

OMEGA-3

Lawrence is an overweight male adult embarking on his first attempt at weight loss. He has heard that in order to lose one pound of fat per week, he should cut kilocalories by 500 kilocalories per day from his normal intake. What is the theory behind the notion that a 500-kilocalorie daily deficit promotes weight loss of one pound of fat per week?

One pound of fat tissue has 3,500 kcal; 3,500 kcal divided by 7 days in a week means 500 kcal less per day will help him lose one pound of fat per week.

Lawrence is an overweight male adult embarking on his first attempt at weight loss. He has heard that in order to lose one pound of fat per week, he should cut kilocalories by 500 kilocalories per day from his normal intake. What is the theory behind the notion that a 500-kilocalorie daily deficit promotes weight loss of one pound of fat per week?

One pound of fat tissue has 3500 kcal; 3500kcal divided by 7 days in week means 500 kcal less per day will help him lose one pound of fat per week.

Which energy system leads to ATP production through the Krebs Cycle?

Oxygen

Phosphocreatine (PCr) is a high-energy compound that can be used to re-form ATP and is useful during bursts of activity that need maximal muscle contraction for at most 60 seconds. Which of the following statements about PCr and exercise is true? Check all that apply.

PCr can replenish ATP rates fast enough to meet energy demands of quick, powerful actions like shotputting and bench pressing.

Which vitamin is an essential component of coenzyme A (CoA)?

Pantothenic acid

All of the following foods contain cholesterol except _______.

Peanut butter

Which of the following best explains the purpose of periodization in training?

Periodization is designed to help competitive athletes by divide training schedules into cycles signifying changes in volume and intensity to help prevent overreaching and overtraining.

Which of the following minerals is most important to bone health?

Phosphorus

Which of the following is the key factor(s) or predictor(s) associated with exertional heat illness?

Physical fitness of the individual

Mumin is a 40-year-old female who has been slowly gaining weight over the past decade. Which of the following environmental factors may be contributing to this unwanted weight gain?

Physical inactivity Poor sleep habits Frequent consumption of high-fat, high-kcal foods So all answers are correct

Determine whether each of the case study situations is in positive protein balance, negative protein balance, or protein equilibrium by dragging it to its appropriate classification.

Positive- Rachel recently sustained burns over 15% of her body she is in an out patient burn center and is receiving food by mouth, dietary supplements, and tube feeding in order to promote healing, Quinn is a 3 month old baby who is breastfeeding and whose weight has doubled since birth negative- Stella is an elderly women with an aggressive form of cancer who resides in a nursing home she lost her desire to eat and she has lost 12% of her body weight. barney is losing more protein than he is getting in his diet equilibrium travis is a male who weighs 185 pounds 84 kg and eats 67 g of protein. Larissa protein intake is equal to protein lost

As she is training for the upcoming New York marathon, Jaelyn started running 4 miles daily and after 6 months, she is running 25 miles daily. This is an example of which of the following principles?

Progression

Which of the following is NOT a major source of energy during physical activity?

Protein in muscle tissues

The set-point theory of weight control is based upon a feedback system, suggesting that the individual is programmed to be a certain body weight and that the body will always attempt to maintain that weight by regulating hunger and metabolism. What part of the body is believed to be the regulatory center for the control of the various feedback mechanisms?

Receptors in the hypothalamus in the brain

Nutritional quackery is common in the food, supplement, and health industry. Drag the product's claim to the "red flag" that it most likely represents as related to nutritional quackery.

Recommendations that promise a quick fix- better eye sight Recommendations based on a single study- one study shows Dire warnings of dangers from a single product or regimen eating fish can cause Claims that sound too good to be true burn fat by

Identify which principle of training is represented in each scenario.

Recuperation Jane has just begun working out and has decided to do three sessions of resistance training spread out throughout the week. Specificity Though George has always preferred mountain biking, he has decided to do more running in order to train for a 5k he signed up for. Overload Greta noticed that she is not as fatigued at the end of each set for certain lifts so she has decided to increase the number of repetitions she performs. Progressive resistance exercise Frank's program has him transitioning his weight selections so that after he can perform all sets of an exercise easily he increases the weight and decreases repetitions. Exercise sequence Ben starts his workout with power cleans, squats, lunges, and finishes with leg extensions

Which of the following benefits to cardiovascular health have been noted with light to moderate alcohol consumption? Check all that apply.

Reduced stress Reduced insulin sensitivity

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) provides guidance for coaches and others working with student-athletes on warning signs for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in student-athletes. Which of the following is a unique warning sign that a student-athlete may have anorexia nervosa?

Relentless, excessive exercise

Mark has been experiencing some unusual symptoms over the past two months and his health care provider suspects a vitamin deficiency. The glossitis, cracks at the corner of the mouth, and dry/itchy skin that Mark has been experiencing are likely a result of a _______ deficiency.

Riboflavin

Which of the following statements about riboflavin is false?

Riboflavin is only found naturally in animal food sources.

Sound nutrition research involving exercise performance is best performed using placebo-controls, cross-over designs, and double-blinded strategies when evaluating nutritional ergogenic aids. In which of the following publications would you be LEAST likely to find such a study?

Runner's World

The label below is for a bag of whole almonds. Based on the Nutrition Facts Panel, which of the following statements are correct? Check all that apply.

Salt has been added to the almonds to enhance their taste. The almonds are a good source of vitamin C The almonds naturally supply fat.The almonds naturally supply fat. One serving of the almonds provides about 6 grams of protein. The almonds are a source of iron.

The label below is for a bag of whole almonds. Based on the Nutrition Facts Panel, which of the following statements are correct? Check all that apply.

Salt has been added to the almonds to enhance their taste. The almonds are a good source of vitamin C.t The almonds naturally supply fat. One serving of the almonds provides about 6 grams of protein. The almonds are a source of iron.

A _______ fatty acid is one that contains two or more double bonds as part of the hydrocarbon chain.

Saturated

Which of the following statements relative to fats is FALSE?

Saturated fats appear to help lower blood cholesterol levels

Which of the following statements about antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is false

Secreted in response to a decrease in blood osmolality

Which of the following energy stores in the human body stores the FEWEST kcal of potential energy?

Serum glucose

Which of the following statements regarding vitamin deficiency is false?

Subclinical malnutrition always impairs physical performance

Which of the following statements regarding the use of drugs or herbal supplements for weight control is false?

Substantial research has shown that over-the-counter herbal weight loss supplements are effective for inducing and maintaining long-term weight loss

When considering the functions of protein in human nutrition, which of the following is true?

The branched-chain amino acids constitute a significant amount of muscle tissue

Which of the following statements are true concerning the ingredient list shown below? Check all that apply.

The ingredient in the lowest concentration in the crackers is enriched flour The crackers have been enriched with several vitamins and minerals The crackers contain milk products

Place the nutrition term into the appropriate sentence.

The science of nutrition involves the relationship between food and health. Chemical substances that are found in foods are called nutrients. We receive energy in the form of kcal contained in foods we eat. A nutrient is considered to be essential if, when left out of the diet, it leads to a decline in biological function.

Which of the following are reasons why athletes should carefully consider taking an ergogenic aid to promote athletic performance? Check all that apply.

The supplements provide an unfair performance edge above other competing athletes The FDA does not regulate the production and sales of dietary supplements The supplements may be ineffective at contributing any ergogenic benefits

Most obesity scientists support a multicausal theory involving the interaction of a number of genetic and environmental factors. Which of the following statements does NOT support the research evidence for genetic factors?

There is a greater relationship between children and their adoptive parents, as compared to their biological parents, when considering morbid obesity

Which of the following statements is true for anorexia nervosa?

There is a set diagnostic criteria for this disease developed by the American Psychiatric Association

Which of the following statements about brown adipose tissue (BAT) is false?

There is more BAT in the human body than white adipose tissue (WAT)

Willianne is training to run in a half-marathon (13.1 miles). She has run in 5K and 10K races before, but never in a half-marathon. To prepare, Willianne has been following a training plan for the past several months. What are some of the specific effects of endurance training on carbohydrate metabolism? Check all that apply.

Training decreases synthesis of enzymes for carbohydrate metabolism, thus conserving muscle glycogen. Training enhances the usage of fat as a fuel source during exercise. Training decreases the amount of glycogen stored in muscles Training increases VO2 max such that an athlete can work at a greater percentage of their VO2 max without fatigue.

The common function of all lipoproteins is to _______.

Transport lipids

A diet lacking calcium and/or vitamin D has been associated with an increased risk for osteoporosis.

True

A glucogenic amino acid is one that can be converted into glucose in the liver. As such, glucogenic amino acids can ultimately help to restore blood glucose levels.

True

A risk factor is a health behavior associated with a particular disease.

True

A variety of complications may result from the improper use of very low-calorie diets (VLCDs) including fatigue, kidney stones, impaired phagocytic function, inflammation of the intestines, low blood pressure, and even death.

True

An appropriate diet and regular physical activity are two key recommendations to prevent the development of atherosclerosis.

True

An athlete must consume adequate kcal from carbohydrates in order for protein-sparing to occur.

True

Arthur is an elite long-distance cyclist who has achieved much success in his sport. Genetically, Arthur likely has a higher concentration and activity of type I muscle fibers, as compared to type IIa or type IIb muscle fibers.

True

Biotin serves as a coenzyme for several enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism and the synthesis of glucose and fatty acids. (t/F)

True

Body temperature refers to the internal, or core temperature, and not the external shell temperature. (T/F)

True

Cholesterol is an example of a sterol.

True

Health status, age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity all influence one's EER.

True

If even one of the twenty amino acids necessary for protein synthesis is in short supply, protein construction may be blocked.

True

In general, supplements with individual vitamins as well as multivitamin supplements have not been shown to enhance physical performance in a wide variety of events ranging from strength/power sports to prolonged aerobic endurance events. (T/F)

True

In some instances, extra body fat may actually be beneficial to the human body.

True

Low serum ferritin levels generally reflect low iron stores in the cells. (T/F)

True

Many experts recommend consuming about 20 to 25 grams of high-quality protein within 30 minutes immediately postexercise to optimize protein synthesis and recovery.

True

Over half of the magnesium in the human body is stored in skeletal muscle. (T/F)

True

Pantothenic acid is involved in gluconeogenesis and has an important function at the center of energy pathways; thus, deficiencies could decrease the availability of acetyl CoA for the Krebs cycle.(T/F)

True

Sixty-year-old Lillian recently fell and broke her wrist. A subsequent bone scan indicated Lillian has low bone mineral density and is at high risk for fracture due to osteoporosis. To help to prevent further bone injury, you might recommend that Lillian consume a diet adequate in calcium and vitamin D, participate in weight-bearing exercise, avoid stress, and limit alcohol consumption. (T?F)

True

Some plant foods, such as nuts, seeds, and avocodos, are rich sources of fat.

True

Sports anemia may occur in athletes when the body uses dietary protein to support metabolic activities, such as synthesizing oxidative enzymes and mitochondria, rather than for hemoglobin formation.

True

The bioavailability of heme iron is greater than that of nonheme iron. (T/F)

True

The protein needs of a teenage athlete are approximately 10 percent more than that of a young or middle-aged adult athlete.

True

The protein-sparing effect spares the utilization of protein as an energy source and allows it to be used for more important metabolic functions.

True

Victor has been restricting his diet in preparation for an upcoming wrestling match. Collectively, a deficiency of B vitamins could negatively impact athletic performance.(T/F)

True

Waist circumference can be used an inexpensive and quick screening measure for visceral fat. In general, a waist circumference greater than 35 inches in females has been associated with increased health risks and further testing is recommended.

True

Americans are often mistaken about their own protein needs and the role of protein in the body. Indicate whether each protein statement is true or false by dragging the statement to its correct classification.

True-Americans would benefit from eating more plant sources of protein, plant foods can be combined in the diet in the same meal to provide complementing amino acid profiles protein contain nitrogen False- Health care professionals should place more emphasis on ensuring americans are getting enough protein in their diet, only animals protein can provide all nine essential amino acids needed to make a complete protein

Corinne is training for a half-marathon. On long-run days, which of the following snacks would be the most appropriate to consume after one hour of running?

Turkey sandwich

Which of the following amino acids is considered an essential amino acid?

Valine

Which of the following statements regarding nutrient density is TRUE?

Variety of many nutrient-dense foods in your diet aids in meeting nutrient needs.

An ideal exercise plan incorporates variety, balance, and moderation. Determine whether each scenario os describing exercise in variety, balance, or moderation.

Variety- Bob used to run for a cardiovascular workout. After sustaining shin plints, he has taken up bicycling and swimming as non-weight-bearing cardiovascular alternatives to running. Balance- Tina used to think that doing only cardiovascular exercise was the ideal way to keep fit. Now she realizes the benefits of balance, strength, and endurance workouts interspersed with cardio. Moderation- In high school, Charlie used to run intil his knees would almost give out. Now that he is older, he values the importance of regular exercise.

An ideal exercise plan incorporates variety, balance, and moderation. Determine whether each scenario is describing exercise in variety, balance, or moderation.

Variety- bob Balance-tina Moderation- in high school

Determine whether the breakfast is appropriate for a vegan, lactovegetarian, or lactoovovegetarian and drag the breakfast to its appropriate classification.

Vegan- oat meal made with soy milk Lactovegetarian- whole wheat toast llactoovovegetarian omlet made with two eggs

Excessive intake of _______ should be avoided during pregnancy as excess can be teratogenic, causing serious birth defects.

Vitamin A

Nutrients can be classified as essential or nonessential. Which of the following does not correctly describe an example of a nutrient and why it is essential?

Vitamin A is essential because consuming too much supplemental vitamin A during pregnancy can cause birth defects.

Which of the following micronutrients is NOT required to be listed on the main part of the new Nutrition Facts panel (2018 food label)?

Vitamin C

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which of the following vitamins is considered a "nutrient of public health concern?"

Vitamin D

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin E

You are working with the coach for a college women's volleyball team. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has developed guidelines for coaches to help them identify collegiate-athletes who may have an eating disorder. For each of the following warning signs, indicate whether it is typically for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.

Warning signs for anorexia nervosa- dramatic weight loss a preoccupation with food Warning signs for bulimia nervosa- noticeable weight loss or weight gain bathroom visits after meal

complete each sentence about body composition with the appropriate term.

Your body is made up of lean tissues, also called FAT FREE MASS, and TOTAL BODY FAT, which is composed of essential fat and ADIPOSE TISSUE

Creeping obesity is caused by _________.

a combination of an increased consumption of kcal and a decreased level of physical activity

Nutritional quackery can refer to _________. Check all that apply.

a fake practitioner deceitful promotion of a worthless product products approved by the FDA

To maximize calcium absorption from the GI tract, Tonya should consume _______.

adequate vitamin D

To calculate an individual's resting energy expenditure (REE), information about the person's gender, height, weight, physical activity, and _______ are needed.

age

Enzymatic digestion of starch begins in the mouth through the action of salivary _______.

amylase

intense fear of gaining weight and significant restriction in kal intake

anorexia nervosa

The Food and Drug Administration, Consumer Union and other researchers have concluded that artificial sweeteners _________.

appear to be safe to use in small amounts

Type IIa muscle fibers _________.

are known as fast-twitch red fibers

Jenny's friend casually informed her that she hasn't had her period in 5 months but isn't too concerned. After noting her friend's significant weight loss and now knowing that she is not having a period, Jenny decided to talk to her friend about some of the long-term complication risks related to the Female Athlete Triad including all of the following EXCEPT _________.

arthritis

consuming a large amount of food in a short period of time and eating until uncomfortably full

binge eating disorder

eating until uncomfortably full, eating when not hungry, eating alone, and feeling disgusted, depressed, or guilty after eating are common characteristics of

binge eating disorder

During the _______ stage of a vitamin deficiency, the body's pool of the vitamin is decreased. This can often be identified through blood or tissue tests.

biochemical deficiency

Which of the following locations is the site at which sodium bicarbonate acts to ultimately reduce acidity in the muscle?

blood stream

which of the following locations is the site at which sodium bicarbonate acts to ultimately reduce acidity in the muscle?

blood stream

a possibly useful but still understudt ergogenic aid used as an important energy source when carbohydrate stores are depleted ar e ___________nsuch as leucine, isoleucine, and valine

branched chain amino acids

Based on the recommendations of the Prudent Healthy Diet, which of the following dinner options would be most in line with the recommendations of a healthy weight loss diet?

budda bowl

recurrent episodes of binge eating ad regular use of laxatives, diuretics, and or purging

bulimia nervosa

promotion of mental alertness by athletes can be achieved through the use of _____ in a dose of about 3-9 milligrams per kilo body weight

caffeine

The main energy source for the lactic acid system during exercise is _________

carbohydrate

although alcohol is derived from the fermentation of _______, it is metabolized in the body as _____.

carbohydrates, fats

An enzyme complex containing ______ is necessary for transporting FFA into the mitochondria. Once in the mitochondria, the FFA can be metabolized to acetyl CoA through a process known as beta-oxidation.

carnitine

weight loss medications ___

cease to be effective upon cessation of the use of the drugs if lifestyle is not changed

All of the following are considered good sources of vitamin C except _______.

chicken

A _______ is a group of research participants who have the same general characteristics.

cohort

When doing resistance exercises, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommends including both eccentric and concentric muscle actions. Label the images below as showing an eccentric or concentric movement.

concentric- flex eccentric- extend

Highest DER

construction, exercise on lunch, engineer

A high quality protein is best described as one that _________.

contains all of the essential amino acids in the proper amounts and ratio

The term used to describe the process where heat is transferred by movement of air or water over the body is called _______.

convection

Protein consumed during a starvation-type diet most likely will be _________.

converted to glucose for energy

protein consumed during a starvation type diet most likely will be

converted to glucose for energy

A review of research supports that there may be an ergogenic effect associated with the use of _________ supplementation.

creatine

one ergogenic aid that may be useful in some circumstances is the use of ____ at 20 grams per day for 5-6 days and then maintenance dose of 2 grams per day to improve performance in those who undertake repeated bursts of activity such as in sprinting or weight lifting

creatine

According to the _______, as exercise intensity increases, the body starts relying less on fat and more on carbohydrate as the primary fuel source for the physical activity.

crossover concept

A high relative humidity and sunshine hinder heat loss from the body by their adverse effects on the body, respectively, as _________

decreased evaporation and increased radiation

A healthy diet can impact exercise or sports performance in many ways. All of the following are specific benefits of a healthy diet on physical performance except

decreased muscle tissue growth

anorexia athletica

delayed puberty

Lactose is considered a _______.

disaccharide

Complete the statement with the correct arrow explaining how resistance exercise impacts health.

down pain in chronic low-back-pain patients up bone mineral desntiy to help prevent osteoporosis down LDL-cholesterol levels _up mood, body image, and psychological health down risk of metabolic syndrome down falls and injury in elderly

It is possible to enhance the effects of regular physical activity by altering the duration, frequency, intensity, or progression of exercise. Match the situations to determine whether they are describing increasing duration, frequency, intensity, or progression of exercise.Bill was swimming for 30 minutes, 3 days per week and recently increased that to 45 minutes, 3 days per week: Intensity IncorrectSonya was participating in one aerobics class per week and recently increased that to two aerobics classes per week: Duration IncorrectErin was walking on the treadmill at a rate of 3 miles per hour for 60 minutes and recently was able to increase her rate to 4 miles per hour for 60 minutes: Intensity CorrectChris used to do 30 minutes of cardio at 50 percent of his max heart rate 2 days per week and has gradually increased his performance such that now he is exercising for 60 minutes at 80 percent of his max heart rate 4 days per week: Progression

duration frequency intensity progression

Intestinal absorption of water is _________.

enhanced when accompanied by high intensity exercise

Categorize each of the amino acids below as either essential or nonessential for a healthy adult.

essential amino acid- trytophan methionine lysine Nonessiential- cysteine, tyrosine alanine

The fat necessary for normal functioning of the brain, nerve tissue, heart tissue, and cell membranes is called _______.

essential fat

Dietary supplements may contain _________.

essential vitamins and minerals herbal products such as gingko various amino acids All of these choices are correct.*

Amino acids are generally classified as either essential or nonessential. Determine whether each label describes an essential or a nonessential amino acid.

essential- also called indispensible amino acids, must be supplied by food in the diet, tryptohan is this type of amino acid nonessential- also called dispensable amino acids, the body can make endogenously, aspartic acid is this type of amino acid

Brent is a 22-year-old male with a body fat of 9%, which is considered _______.

excellent

One of Lisa's college classmates is an aspiring body builder with questionable nutrition knowledge. He eats more than the recommended amount of dietary protein but tells Lisa he heard at the gym that this is actually helpful to the body. All of the following are accurate descriptions of what excess dietary protein does EXCEPT _________.

excess dietary protein is stored as muscle mass

Identify if the statement applies to the use of diet or exercise in relationship to weight loss by dragging the statement into the correct column.

exercise- loss in body fat gain lean mass maintain or raise resting energy diet- rapid early weight reduction losses in body fat and lean mass

Adiponectin is the major cytokine produced in muscle cells.

false

All fatty acids needed by the body may be synthesized in the body.

false

An enzyme known as hormone-sensitive lipase is necessary to transport the fatty acids into the mitochondria.

false

Both dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and infrared interctance use only on measurement to evaluate body fat, fat-free mass, and bone tissue and appear to be more effective than underwear weighing.

false

Dae is a 25-year-old recent graduate who works approximately 60 hours per week as a pharmacist at a busy health care facility. Over the past five years, Dae has slowly started to gain weight. He recently calculated his BMI, which was 31.5. This BMI is classified as overweight.

false

Epidemiological research is used to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between a specific aspect of diet and sports performance.

false

Heredity and environmental factors both contribute to obesity, thus in some instances an individual is not capable of achieving and maintaining a desirable body weight.

false

Individuals who have a BMI greater than 30 are classified as obese and this is always an indication that they have too much fat on their body.

false

Ketone bodies are made when carbohydrate intake is insufficient and protein is broken down to acetyl CoA and then converted into ketone bodies.

false

Most athletes cannot consume adequate protein through dietary sources and, therefore, should take a protein supplement.

false

Recent recommendations suggest that resistance-trained athletes should consume a minimum of 2.5 g protein per kg body weight for optimal gains and performance.

false

The American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association note that participation in regular physical activity improves blood glucose control and can prevent or delay type 1 diabetes

false

The lactic acid system is a direct source of energy for muscular contraction.

false

The thermic effect of food (TEF) is lower for protein compared to carbohydrate and fat.

false

Unlike complete proteins, incomplete proteins contain all essential amino acids and result in a positive nitrogen balance.

false

Very low-calorie diets (VLCDs) are very successful in long-term maintenance of weight loss

false

Very low-calorie diets (VLCDs) are very successful in long-term maintenance of weight loss.

false

Zoe's resting blood pressure of 115/80 mmHg and her fasting blood triglyerides are 140 mg/dL. Based on her blood pressure and blood triglycerides, Zoe has metabolic syndrome.

false

very low cal diets are very successful in long term maintenance of weight loss?

false

Consuming inadequate amounts of _______ can lead to increased blood levels of homocysteine, a possible risk factor for heart disease.

folate

Izzy is overweight and motivated to lose 20 lbs over the next six months. Drag each of the following suggestions to reduce overeating into the correct category.

food purchasing- do not shop while hungry prepare a shopping list with healthy option Food prep- limit use of added sugars use a small plate self discipline- check weight reguraly create modest 300-500 kcal per day

There are many factors contributing to the obesity epidemic in the United States. Some of these factors are related to genetics, but many others are related to the environment. For each of the following factors below, indicate whether it is a genetic or environmental factor contributing to obesity.

gentic- REE leptin resistance predisposed taste for sweets Enviormental- lackin access to workout working long ours and stress consuming large portions of food

george is getting ready to participate in a local 5k "reindeer ramble". in looking at the weather, the temperature at race tie will be ab 30 degrees f. his friends are all taking a couple of shots of whiskey prior to the race bc they siad t warms the body. what should george do?

george should not consume any alcohol bc it can cause vasodialation, which may lead to a decrease in his core temp

when your stomach is empty, which of the following most likely happens?

ghrelin is released and stimulates the hypothalamic hunger center

Which hormone is released from the pancreas and generally increases the rate of gluconeogenesis in the liver?

glucagon

A _______ amino acid is one that can be converted into glucose.

glucogenic

The process involving the formation of glucose from protein in the body is known as _________.

gluconeogenesis

The diagram represents the _______. The amino acid alanine can be made in the liver from the breakdown of other amino acids, such as leucine. From there, alanine can enter the bloodstream and travel back to the liver.

glucose-alanine cycle

The _______ of a food is determined based on the effects of consuming 50 g of a particular carbohydrate food on blood glucose response over 2 hours.

glycemic index

Triglycerides are released from the adipose cells as _________.

glycerol and free fatty acids

Green tea, hot cocoa, and coffee are all natural sources of caffeine. Rank the drinks based on the amount of caffeine in an 8-ounce serving with (1) being the most caffeine and (3) being the least caffeine.

gourmet tea, green tea, hot cocoa

an ergogenic aid that increases muscle mass but may also cause uncontrolled growth of the heart or other organs sand is banned by the international olympic committee is _____

growth hormone

anorexia athletica is most common upon which of the following sports?

gymnastics and dance

What constitutes a standard serving?

hard liquor- 12 beer-4 1.25 wine

If age, weight, and sex are the same, a sporadic drinker and a chronic drinker with blood alcohol levels of 0.10 will _______.

have different physical effects

Trace minerals ________.

have physiological roles that may have important implications for health or physical performance

multiple set training programs are recommended for all of the following resistance training programs except

health related benefits

Multiple-Set training programs are recommended for all of the following resistance training programs EXCEPT _________.

health-related benefits

According to data from 2015, the leading cause of death in the United States is _______.

heart disease

The most potentially dangerous heat illness is _______.

heat stroke

Although the Body Mass Index (BMI) is at times useful for determining appropriateness of weight, it is not a perfect measurement as it fails to account for many other factors that affect health and weight. The BMI fails to take into account all of the following EXCEPT _________.

height

Fresh fruits and vegetables are generally _________.

high in potassium and low in sodium

The form by which cholesterol is transported in your blood may be related to the development of atherosclerosis. In general, _________.

high levels of high-density lipoproteins, which act in a process known as reverse cholesterol transport, appear to lower the chances of developing atherosclerosis

Protein accounts for about half of the content of a ________.

high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

A vegetarian diet differs from a traditional animal-based diet in that a well-planned vegetarian diet is typically _________.

higher in dietary fiber than a traditional animal-based diet

anorexia nervousa

highly restrictive eating

Most plasma free fatty acids are obtained from _______.

hydrolysis of stored fat

As a person overeats, excess energy may be stored in adipose tissue. The increase in the number of adipocytes, or fat cells, is called _______.

hyperplasia

As a person overeats, excess energy may be stores in adipose tissue. The increase in the number of adipocytes. or fat cells, is called

hyperplasia

The _______ is often referred to as the "hunger center," regulating appetite and promoting food intake or satiety.

hypothalamus

Which of the following activities in generally considered vigorous-intensity?

icycling at a rate of 15 mph

Bulimia nervosa is found _________.

in individuals across the body weight spectrum

bulimia nervosa is found

in individuals across the body weight spectrum

After eating a meal, blood sugar levels _________.

increase

hyperplasia

increase in muscle fiber number

hypertrophy

increase in muscle fiber size

Nancy's physician recently told her she had metabolic syndrome. She is unfamiliar with this term and wants to know more information about the syndrome. All of the following are symptoms of metabolic syndrome except _______.

increased HDL-cholesterol

Despite advertisements and fad diet promises, there is no quick solution to being overweight. Successful weight loss comes from hard work and commitment. The most reliable approach to weight loss includes all of the following EXCEPT _________.

increased dietary supplement use

being underweight can pose as many, if not more, complications as being overweight can to human health. an underweight woman experience all of the following except

increased frequency of menstral cycles

Being underweight can pose as many, if not more, complications as being overweight can to human health. An underweight woman may experience all of the following EXCEPT _________.

increased frequency of menstrual cycles

Indicate which of the following symptoms are typically associated with metabolic syndrome.

insulin resistance, hypertension, hypertriglercideima

which of the following statements about bulimia nervosa is false?

involves refusal to eat enough kcal to maintain a normal body weight

All of the following are major minerals except _______.

iron

Linoleic acid _________.

is an essential fatty acid that must be supplied in the diet

Cobalamin, more commonly called vitamin B12, _________.

is essential in the synthesis of DNA and in the development of red blood cells

Heme iron _______.

is found predominately in animal foods

Vitamin B6 is a collective term for three naturally occurring substances that are all metabolically and functionally related. Vitamin B6 _________.

is involved in the metabolism of protein, carbohydrates, and fat

Intravascular water _______.

is the water found within blood vessels

All of the following are true physiological functions exhibited by protein EXCEPT _________.

it is the major energy source during exercise

excess body fat would be least detrimental to performance in which of the following athletes?

lacrosse player

The _______ amino acid is the essential amino acid found in the lowest concentration in a source of protein.

limiting

Following deamination of an amino acid, toxic ammonia is converted into urea in the _______.

liver

the majority of alcohol is metabolized by the liver _____, which can metabolize about ___ oz of alcohol per hr

liver, 1/3 oz

All of the following are laboratory techniques used to measure the role of the lactic acid system in exercise EXCEPT _________.

maximal oxygen uptake

The consumption of individual amino acids _________.

may interfere with the absorption of other essential amino acids

A _______ is a type of research project that involves a statistical analysis of previously published studies. This type of project provides a quantitative analysis from multiple research studies and can provide strong evidence in regards to the effects of a certain dietary factor or ergogenic aid on exercise performance.

meta-analysis

Callie is running in a 5K charity race. Her pace is about 8 mph. At that pace, Callie is likely burning _______ kcal per minute.

more than 10

A person with _______ has an altered perception of their body image. Despite working out daily, this individual looks in the mirror and has a perception that their body lacks muscle definition and the muscles are weak.

muscle dysmorphia

a person with ______ has an altered perception of their body image. Despite working out daily, this individual looks in the mirror and has a perception that their body lacks muscle definition and the muscles are weak.

muscle dysmorphia

altered body image more prevalent in males

muscle dysmorphia

All of the following hormones or neuropeptides inhibit appetite except _______.

neuropeptide Y

Compared to carbohydrates and fats, proteins are unique in that they also contain _______.

nitrogen

restrictive dieting and preoccupation with eating only "health" foods

orthorexia nervosa

Which organ secretes the major enzymes for digestion of carbohydrates?

pancreas

For each of the following hormones and neuropeptides involved in appetite and energy balance, drag the hormone or neuropeptide to the site of secretion.

pancreas- amylin insulin Adipose tissue- leptin Hypothalmus- neuropeptide y gastrointestial- obestain peptid yy

which of the following best explains the purpose of periodization in training

periodization is designed to help competitive athletes by divide training schedules into cycles signifying changes in volume and intensly to help prevent overreaching and overtraining

During the _______ stage of a vitamin deficiency, a person is likely to experience nonspecific symptoms such as loss of appetite, weakness, or fatigue.

physiological deficiency

The two major sources of fat used during exercise are ________.

plasma FFAs and intramuscular triglycerides

Although people engage in resistance training programs for a variety of reasons, the most important underlying principle of any program design is the _________.

principle of overload

although people engage in resistance training programs for a variety of reasons, the most important underlying principle of any program design is the

principle of specificity

Type IIb muscle fibers _________.

produce energy primarily by anaerobic processes

The oxygen system _________.

produces ATP in rather large quantities from other energy sources in the body

All of the following are key objectives of sports nutrition for athletes except _______.

promoting rapid weight gain

which of the following is not one of the primary components to the female athlete traid?

purging or use of laxatives

which of the following benefits to cardiovascular health have been noted with light to moderate alcohol consumption

reduced stres, decreased platelet aggreability, increased levels of HDLL cholesterol

the national athletic association provides guidance for coaches and others working with student athletes on warning signs for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in student athletes. which of the following is a unique warning sign that a student athlete may have anorexia nervosa

relentless, excessive exercise

Complete the following statements by dragging the correct arrow to demonstrate ways to implement the principle of progression in a workout.

rest periods between intervals down incline while running up number of reps up day off between workouts down speed while biking same route up

A _______ is a lifestyle behavior, such as cigarette smoking or inactivity, that has been associated with a particular disease.

risk factor

The mineral _______ is involved in the activity of glutathione peroxidase, an antioxidant enzyme important to protecting cells from oxidative damage.

selenium

anorexia nervosa is best defined as

self imposed starvation

Fatty acids are primarily absorbed from the _______.

small intestine

In susceptible persons, high blood pressure may be associated with prolonged excessive intake of _________.

sodium

Lindley has heard of baking soda being used in baking and as a cleaning agent, but one of her friends recently recommended using baking soda as an ergogenic aid. This is because baking soda contains _______, which may be beneficial in optomizing sports performance for some athletes.

sodium bicarbonate

baking soda contains

sodium bicarbonate

The three main sites of osteoporosis fractures are the _______.

spinal vertebrae, wrist, and hip

For adults, a diastolic blood pressure of 95 mmg Hg is considered _______.

stage 2 hypertension

Complex carbohydrates are primarily found in _________.

starchy vegetables and whole grains

about 20% of ingested alc may be absorbed by the _____. The remainder is absorbed from the _______.

stomach, small intestine

which of the following statements regarding the use of drugs or herbal supplements for weight control is false?

substantial research has shown that over the counter herbal weight loss supplements are effective fr inducing and maintaining long term weight loss

Which of the following effects of caffeine on performance have been supported by research?

supported- redunced sensation increased carbhydrate oxide increase force muslce unsupported- enhanced fat activation of para

Deamination is the a chemical process that removes _________.

the amino group from the amino acid

What functions of the body are most obviously affected by alcohol?

the brain

The glycemic index represents _________.

the effect a particular food has on the rate and amount of increase in the blood glucose level

Research suggests that protein may be a significant source of energy during _________.

the latter stage of prolonged endurance exercise, when protein could contribute up to 15 percent of the total energy cost

Several government and professional health organizations have compiled a list of recommendations when evaluating commercial weight-loss programs. Based on those guidelines, which of the following characteristics would you recommend a person look for when evaluating a commercial weight-loss program?

the program includes medical screening the program has a nutrition education component that stresses permanent lifestyle changes the programs includes both aerobic/resistance workout

The major function of iron in the body is the formation of compounds essential to the transportation and utilization of oxygen. To further this purpose, _________.

the vast majority of iron in the body is used to form hemoglobin

the most highly successful regimen for the treatment of anorexia nervosa involves?

therapy for the individual and family and comprehensive medical care

The most highly successful regimen for the treatment of anorexia nervosa involves _________.

therapy for the individual and the family and comprehensive medical care

which of the following statements is true for anorexia nervousa?

there is a set of diagnostics criteria for this disease developed by the american psychichiatric association

To determine a person's total daily expenditure (TDEE), add together their basal energy expenditure (BEE), thermic effect of food (TEF), and _______.

thermic effect of exercise (TEE)

All of the following are symptoms of hyponatremia except _______.

thirst

Nearly 98% of the fat in the typical American diet is supplied by _________.

triglycerides

A granola bar has 10 grams of carbohydrate, 2 grams of fat, and 1 gram of protein. The granola bar provides 62 kcal.

true

A variety of complications may result from the improper use of Very low-calorie diets (VLCDs) including fatigue, kidney stones, impaired phagocytic function, inflammation of the intestines, low blood pressure, and even death.

true

All homeostatic mechanisms work by a series of feedback devices (T/F)

true

Bioelectrical impedance analysis is based on the principle of resistance to an electric current, with the less the recorded resistance, the greater the water content, and hence the greater the body density.

true

By engaging in regular physical activity, a person can promote the "browning" of white adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue

true

By engaging in regular physical activity, a person can promote the "browning" of white adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue.

true

Delayed puberty, weight cycling, obsessive compulsive tendencies and perfectionism are all signs or symtoms of anorexia athletica

true

Delayed puberty, weight cycling, obsessive-compulsive tendancies, and perfectionism are all signs or symptoms of anorexia athletica.

true

Endurance training appears to increase the capacity of the muscle to derive energy from protein.

true

Gynoid-type obesity is more common in females and results in accumulation of fat primarily in the hips, buttocks, and thighs.

true

In some athletes, supplementing with creatine may maximize muscle PCr levels and enhance performance.

true

Nonessential amino acids can be produced inside our body once the essential amino acids are provided in the diet.

true

Nora often fidgets while sitting in class, tapping her foot and just finding it difficult to sit still. The incidental daily energy expenditure from fidgeting, shivering, walking and other types of activities is called nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT).

true

Plants provide good sources of protein and may supply all the essential amino acids necessary for human nutrition when certain foods, such as grains and legumes, are eaten together.

true

Proteinuria has been observed in a variety of sports, and research suggests that the greater the intensity of the exercise, the greater the loss of protein

true

Short-term protein deficiency is not likely to cause any serious health problems.

true

Sports performance is primarily determined by genetic characteristics and state of training, but nutritional strategies may be used to enhance performance in certain sports.

true

The TDEE includes energy needed to maintain physiological processes, to ingest and digest food, and to perform physical activity.

true

The set-point theory of weight control proposes that adaptive thermogenesis is a physiological adjustment that will return you to normal if you start to deviate from your set point.

true

a variety of complications may result from the imroper use of very low calorie diets including fatigue, kidney stones, impaired phagocytic ffunction, inflammation of the intestines, low blood pressure and even death.

true

delayed puberty, weight cycling, ocd, and perfectionism are all signs or symptoms of anorexia athletica

true

higher in dietary fiber than a traditional animal-based diet

true

Drag the statement into the correct category based upon the provided research.

true- caffeine accelerates calcium loss caffeine is a potent caffeine consumption is a modestly effective weight caffeine increases secretion false- coffee consumption is decreased caffeine intake during pregnancy

negative side effects of caffeine

true: caffeine accelerates calcium loss and excretion, caffeine is a potent respiratory stimulant, improving airway function, caffeine consumption is a modestly effective weight control method, caffeine increase secretion of gastric acids and can lead to gastric distress false: coffee consumption is associated with decreased cognitive function, caffeine intake during pregnancy poses no significant effect on birth outcomes,

Put each of the following activities into the correct category as examples of either structured or unstructured physical activity.

unstructured vaccuming swinging on a playground structured water aerobics running

Amino acids go through a process called deamination whereby the nitrogen-containing group on the amino acid is removed and ammonia accumulates. In the liver, toxic ammonia is converted into _______, which can then be eliminated in the urine.

urea

Having too much _______ fat has been associated with an increase in health risks, such as heart disease and certain types of cancer.

visceral

One argument against ingesting more vitamins than the amount recommended is _________.

vitamins may build up in tissues and interfere with some vital physiological processes

The nutrients that are primarily responsible for helping to regulate bodily processes are _______.

vitamins, minerals, and protein

Alcohol will go any place in the body that _______.

water goes

The three main ingredients in sports drinks, such as Gatorade®, are _______.

water, carbohydrates, and electrolytes

Fat is a very efficient, compact means to store energy _________.

with approximately 80,000-100,000 kcal stored in the adipose tissue of the average adult male

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, adults who consume alcohol should do so in moderation. Indicate below what is considered moderation for men and women.

women- 1 drink men- 2

alc per day

women: one drink per day men: two drinks per day