OpenShift Quiz

Which of the following labels indicates to the S2I builder image the directory where the scripts are stored? a. io.openshift.s2i.scripts-url b. io.openshift.s2i.scripts-dir c. io.openshift.s2i.scripts-directory d. io.openshift.s2i.scripts-URL

a

A developer wants to build a PHP application using the Source strategy. Which of the following options configure the build configuration to use the S2I builder image for a PHP application? a. Use the from attribute for the Source strategy. b. Use the from attribute from the Image input source. c. Use the from attribute from the Dockerfile input source. d. It is not required to configure the S2I builder image. During the build, the source-to-image process will recognize the source language and auto select a PHP builder image. e. None of these.

a

Which three of the following options are valid strategies for building a container image? (Choose three.) a. Docker b. Git c. Pipeline d. Custom

a,c,d

Which two commands display mysql images available for download from registry.redhat.io? (Choose two.) a. podman search registry.redhat.io/mysql b. podman images c. podman pull mysql d. podman search mysql

a,d

In which of the following directories (relative to the root of your source code) would you provide your own custom S2I scripts? a. .scripts/bin b. .s2i/bin c. etc/bin d. usr/local/bin

b

What is a container in relation to the Linux kernel? a. A virtual machine. b. An isolated process with regulated resource access. c. A set of file-system layers exposed by UnionFS. d. An external service providing container images.

b

What is the purpose of an OpenShift template? a. To describe the resource configuration for a single container. b. To encapsulate a set of OpenShift resources for reuse. c. To provide custom configurations for an OpenShift cluster. d. To customize the appearance of the web console.

b

Which statement is correct regarding persistent storage in OpenShift and Kubernetes? a. A PVC represents a storage area that a pod can use to store data and is provisioned by the application developer. b. A PVC represents a storage area that can be requested by a pod to store data but is provisioned by the cluster administrator. c. A PVC represents the amount of memory that can be allocated to a node, so that a developer can state how much memory he requires for his application to run. d. A PVC represents the number of CPU processing units that can be allocated to an application pod, subject to a limit managed by the cluster administrator.

b

Which two sentences are correct regarding Kubernetes architecture? (Choose two.) a. Kubernetes nodes can be managed without a master. b. Kubernetes masters manage pod scaling. c. Kubernetes masters schedule pods to specific nodes. d. Kubernetes tools cannot be used to manage resources in an OpenShift cluster. e. Containers created from Kubernetes pods cannot be managed using standalone tools such as Podman.

b,c

Which three of the following statements are correct regarding container limitations? (Choose three.) a. Containers are easily orchestrated in large numbers. b. Lack of automation increases response time to problems. c. Containers do not manage application failure inside them. d. Containers are not load-balanced. e. Containers are heavily isolated packaged applications.

b,c,d

You have been asked to deploy a commercial, third-party, .NET-based application to an OpenShift cluster, which is packaged by the vendor as a container image. Which of the following options would you use to deploy the application? a. A Source-to-Image build. b. A custom Source-to-Image builder. c. Stage the container image in a private container registry, and then deploy the container image to an OpenShift cluster using the OpenShift oc command-line tool. d. None of these. You cannot deploy .NET-based applications on an OpenShift cluster.

c

You have been asked to deploy a web application written in the Go programming language to an OpenShift cluster. Your organization's security team has mandated that all applications be run through a static source code analysis system and a suite of automated unit and integration tests before deploying to production environments. The security team has also provided a custom Dockerfile that ensures that all applications are deployed on a RHEL 7-based operating system, based on the standard RHEL 7 image from the Red Hat Container Catalog. Their environment includes a curated list of packages, users, and customized configuration for the core services in the operating system. Furthermore, the application architect has insisted that there be clear separation between source-code level changes and infrastructure changes (operating system, Go compiler, and Go tools). Changes and patches to the operating system or the Go runtime layers should automatically trigger a rebuild and redeployment of the application. Which of the following options would you use to achieve this objective? a. Create a custom Dockerfile that builds an application container image consisting of the RHEL 7 operating system base, the Go runtime, and the analysis tool. Deploy the resulting image to an OpenShift cluster using the binary deployment process. b. Create separate Dockerfiles for the RHEL 7 operating system base, the Go runtime, and the analysis tool. OpenShift can automatically merge the Dockerfiles to produce a single runnable application container image. c. Create a custom S2I builder image for this application that embeds the static analysis tool, the Go compiler and runtime, and the RHEL 7 operating system image based on the Dockerfile. d. Create separate container images for the RHEL 7 operating system base, the Go runtime, and the analysis tool. After these images have been staged in a private or public container image registry, OpenShift can automatically concatenate the layers from each individual image to create the final runnable application container image. e. None of these. This requirement cannot be met and the application cannot be deployed on an OpenShift cluster.

c

Which two of the following scripts are mandatory in an S2I build? (Choose two.) a. usage b. test/run c. assemble d. run e. save-artifacts

c,d

Which three statements describe valid locations to insert template parameter references? (Choose three.) a. As the name of an environment variable inside a pod resource. b. As the key for a label in all resources created by the template. c. As the value for the host attribute in a route resource. d. As the value for an annotation in the template. e. As the value of an environment variable inside a pod resource.

c,d,e

Which command is used to list all available image tags for the httpd container image? a. podman search httpd b. podman images httpd c. podman pull --all-tags=true httpd d. There is no podman command available to search for tags.

d

Which organization directly governs the standards for containerization? A: Docker B: Red Hat C: Open Container Initiative D: Linux Foundation

C

Which statement about Kubernetes is true? A: Applications cannot scale up and down manually or automatically with a configuration set. B: You must manage the configuration settings and secrets of your applications by rebuilding containers. C: Kubernetes is an orchestration service that simplifies the deployment, management, and scaling of containerized applications. D: Kubernetes implementation and management depend on the deployment size.

C

Which statement is correct regarding OpenShift additions to Kubernetes? a. OpenShift adds features to simplify Kubernetes configuration of many real-world use cases. b. Container images created for OpenShift cannot be used with plain Kubernetes. c. Red Hat maintains forked versions of Kubernetes internal to the RHOCP product. d. Doing continuous integration and continuous deployment with RHOCP requires external tools.

a

Which two of the following use cases are best suited for containers? (Choose two.) a. A software provider needs to distribute software that can be reused by other companies in a fast and error-free way. b. A company is deploying applications on a physical host and would like to improve its performance by using containers. c. Developers at a company need a disposable environment that mimics the production environment so that they can quickly test the code they develop. d. A financial company is implementing a CPU-intensive risk analysis tool on their own containers to minimize the number of processors needed.

a,c

Which two of the following options are valid types of input sources for building a container image? (Choose two.) a. Git b. SVN c. Filesystem d. Dockerfile

a,d

Which two of the following scenarios are good candidates for incremental S2I builds? (Choose two.) a. A Java EE application with a large number of JAR dependencies managed using Apache Maven. b. An application that depends on an SQL database dump file that is invoked at application startup. c. A Ruby web application that has a large number of static assets such as images, CSS, and HTML files. d. A Node.js application with dependencies managed using npm.

a,d

Which two statements are true regarding Kubernetes and OpenShift networking? (Choose two.) a. A Kubernetes service can provide an IP address to access a set of pods. b. Kubernetes is responsible for providing a fully qualified domain name for a pod. c. A replication controller is responsible for routing external requests to the pods. d. A route is responsible for providing DNS names for external access.

a,d

Which of the two following stages are good candidates for a continuous integration pipeline that rapidly delivers PHP microservices deployed on an Apache web server? (Choose two) a. Automatically restart the Apache web server when source code changes are detected. b. Run unit tests using the PHPUnit framework. c. Automatically tune the Apache web server based on increasing or decreasing load. d. Automatically format and indent code to adhere to PHP 7 coding standards. e. Send an email when end users hit an error condition in the application resulting in an HTTP 500 - Server Error status. f. Run cron jobs at set intervals to gather statistics about the users accessing the application.

b,d

For the Docker strategy, which of the following is the input source declared in a build configuration generated by the oc new-app command? a. Dockerfile b. Binary c. Git d. None of these

c

A company is migrating their PHP and Python applications running on the same host to a new architecture. Due to internal policies, both are using a set of custom made shared libraries from the OS, but the latest update applied to them as a result of a Python development team request broke the PHP application. Which two architectures would provide the best support for both applications? (Choose two.) a. Deploy each application to different VMs and apply the custom made shared libraries individually to each VM host. b. Deploy each application to different containers and apply the custom made shared libraries individually to each container. c. Deploy each application to different VMs and apply the custom made shared libraries to all VM hosts. d. Deploy each application to different containers and apply the custom made shared libraries to all containers.

a,b

Which two options are examples of software applications that might run in a container? (Choose two.) a. A database-driven Python application accessing services such as a MySQL database, a file transfer protocol (FTP) server, and a web server on a single physical host. b. A Java Enterprise Edition application, with an Oracle database, and a message broker running on a single VM. c. An I/O monitoring tool responsible for analyzing the traffic and block data transfer. d. A memory dump application tool capable of taking snapshots from all the memory CPU caches for debugging purposes.

a,b

What are two typical scenarios for creating a Dockerfile to build a child image from an existing image? (Choose two.) a. Adding new runtime libraries. b. Setting constraints to a container's access to the host machine's CPU. c. Adding internal libraries to be shared as a single image layer by multiple container images for different applications.

a,c

True of false? Kubernetes enables inter-service communication by assigning a single DNS entry to each set of containers. A: True B: False

A

True or false? An application in an OCI container runs on any OCI-compliant container engine. A: True B: False

A

True or false? You can gradually roll updates out to your application's containers while checking their status. A: True B: False

A

What is an executable version of an application that includes references to networking, disks, and other runtime necessities? A: Container instance B: Container image C: Container engine D: Virtual machine

A

Which two features does Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform (RHOCP) offer to extend Kubernetes capabilities? (Choose two.) A: Unified UI that provides unified tools and an integrated UI to manage the different capabilities. B: Self-healing with user-defined health checks to monitor pods to restart and reschedule them in the event of failure. C: Developer workflow that integrates a built-in container registry, Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) pipelines, and a Source-to-Image (S2I) tool. D: Horizontal scaling to scale applications up and down manually or automatically with a configuration set.

A,C

Which two statements are true regarding RHOCP? (Choose two.) A: Integrates a built-in container registry to build artifacts from source repositories to container images. B: Kubernetes and RHOCP are mutually exclusive. C: Pods remain on RHOCP nodes after their containers exit. D: RHOCP simplifies routing and load balancing.

A,D

True or false? A virtual machine most often has a smaller footprint compared to a container. A: True B: False

B

What are two advantages of using containers? (Choose two.) A: Faster program execution B: Stable development target C: Ease of testing and deployment D: Fully virtualized environment

B,C

What is an effectively immutable version of an application that includes its libraries? A: Container instance B: Virtual machine C: Container image D: Container engine

C

What provides machine-level functionality for running containerized applications? A: Container instance B: Container image C: Container engine D: Hypervisor

C

Which two of the following approaches define a template parameter as optional? (Choose two.) a. Set the required attribute to false. b. Set the required attribute to not. c. Omit the required attribute. d. Set the required attribute to expression. e. Set the from attribute to a regular expression.

a,c

You are tasked with deploying a RHEL 7-based, custom, in-house-developed C++ application to an OpenShift cluster. You will be given the full source code of the application. Which two of the following options, based on best practices, can be used to build a container image to deploy to an OpenShift cluster? (Choose two.) a. Create a Dockerfile using the rhel7 container image from the Red Hat Container Catalog as the base for the application and provide it to OpenShift using a Git repository. OpenShift can create a container image from the provided Dockerfile. b. Download a CentOS 7/C++ based container image from a public registry such as docker.io and create a Dockerfile that compiles and packages the application. Because CentOS 7-based binaries are binary-compatible with RHEL 7, the application will work correctly when deployed to an OpenShift cluster. c. Create a Dockerfile using the RHEL 7 container image from the Red Hat Container Catalog as the base and then build a container image based on the Dockerfile. Deploy the container image to an OpenShift cluster using the OpenShift oc command-line tool. d. Create a Dockerfile using any Linux-based container image from a public registry as a base, and then build a container image based on the Dockerfile. Deploy the container image to an OpenShift cluster using the OpenShift oc command-line tool.

a,c

Which three of the following Linux features are used for running containers? (Choose three.) a. Namespaces b. Integrity Management c. Security-Enhanced Linux d. Control Groups

a,c,d

Which three of the following components are common across container architecture implementations? (Choose three.) a. Container runtime b. Container permissions c. Container images d. Container registries

a,c,d

Which of the two following stages are good candidates for a continuous integration pipeline that rapidly delivers Node.js microservices? (Choose two) a. Run ESLint tooling on the entire code base and report the issues. b. Run webpack tooling on the code base and deploy the microservice to a Content Delivery Network (CDN) server serving static files. c. Add a Node Package Manager (NPM) dependency to the project that automatically restarts the Node.js server when code changes are detected. d. Run npm test in the project to run all unit tests. e. Run npm db-generate to generate a scaffolded database access code for the project.

a,d

Which two commands pull the httpd image with the 2.2 tag? (Choose two.) a. podman pull httpd:2.2 b. podman pull httpd:latest c. podman pull quay.io/httpd d. podman pull registry.redhat.io/httpd:2.2

a,d

Which three of the following statements are true regarding Red Hat OpenShift v4? (Choose three.) a. OpenShift provides additional features to a Kubernetes infrastructure. b. Kubernetes and OpenShift are mutually exclusive. c. OpenShift hosts use Red Hat Enterprise Linux as the base operating system. d. OpenShift simplifies development incorporating a Source-to-Image technology and CI/CD pipelines. e. OpenShift simplifies routing and load balancing.

a,d,e

Which method for creating container images is recommended by the containers community? (Choose one.) a. Run commands inside a basic OS container, commit the container, and save or export it as a new container image. b. Run commands from a Dockerfile and push the generated container image to an image registry. c. Create the container image layers manually from tar files. d. Run the podman build command to process a container image description in YAML format.

b

Which of the following S2I scripts is responsible for building the application binaries in an S2I build? a. run b. assemble c. save-artifacts d. test/run

b

Which of the following best describes a container image? a. A virtual machine image from which a container will be created. b. A container blueprint from which a container will be created. c. A runtime environment where an application will run. d. The container's index file used by a registry.

b

Which of the following commands returns the number of parameters and objects provided by a template? a. oc export. b. oc describe. c. oc create. d. oc get. e. None of the above.

b

Which two statements are correct regarding the OpenShift 4 architecture? (Choose two.) a. OpenShift nodes can be managed without a master. The nodes form a peer to peer network. b. OpenShift masters manage pod scaling and scheduling pods to run on nodes. c. Master nodes in a cluster must be running Red Hat CoreOS. d. Master nodes in a cluster must be running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. e. Master nodes in a cluster must be running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

b

What are two advantages of using the standalone S2I process as an alternative to Dockerfiles? (Choose two.) a. Requires no additional tools apart from a basic Podman setup. b. Creates smaller container images, having fewer layers. c. Reuses high-quality builder images. d. Automatically updates the child image as the parent image changes (for example, with security fixes). e. Creates images compatible with OpenShift, unlike container images created from Docker tools.

b,c

What features does OpenShift offer that extend Kubernetes capabilities? (choose two.) a. Operators and the Operator Framework. b. Routes to expose services to the outside world. c. An integrated development workflow. d. Self-healing and health checks.

b,c

Which three kinds of applications can be packaged as containers for immediate consumption? (Choose three.) a. A virtual machine hypervisor b. A blog software, such as WordPress c. A database d. A local file system recovery tool e. A web server

b,c,e

Which two of the following statements about the S2I build process are true? (Choose two.) a. The assemble script is executed before the tar file containing the application source code and the S2I scripts is extracted. b. The assemble script is executed after the tar file containing the application source code and the S2I scripts is extracted. c. The run script is executed after the tar file containing the application source code and the S2I scripts is extracted. d. The run script is set as the CMD instruction for the final container image. e. The assemble script is set as the CMD instruction for the final container image.

b,d

Arrange the following stages in a continuous integration pipeline for a Java application in the correct order: 1. Compile the code using Apache Maven, and then run a code analysis tool to ensure the code adheres to your organizations Java coding standards. 2. Tag the source code. Create a zip file of the code repository and store it as an artifact in a Nexus server, so that you can repeatedly build the application in the staging environment. 3. Set up webhooks to enable kicking off the pipeline when code is committed to your source code repository. 4. Run JUnit tests and integration tests. a. 3, 2, 4, 1 b. 2, 3, 1, 4 c. 3, 1, 4, 2 d. 3, 2, 1, 4

c

When running the following commands, what container images will be downloaded? podman pull registry.redhat.io/httpd:2.2 podman pull quay.io/mysql:5.6 a. quay.io/httpd:2.2 registry.redhat.io/mysql:5.6 b. registry.redhat.io/httpd:2.2 registry.redhat.io/mysql:5.6 c. registry.redhat.io/httpd:2.2 No image will be downloaded for mysql. d. quay.io/httpd:2.2 No image will be downloaded for mysql.

c

You have been asked to migrate and deploy two applications to an OpenShift cluster, based on Ruby on Rails and Node.js, respectively. These applications were previously running in an environment using virtual machines. You have been provided with the location of the Git repositories where the application source code is located for both applications. Which of the following options is recommended to deploy the applications to an OpenShift cluster, keeping in mind that you have been asked to further enhance these applications with more features and to continue development in an OpenShift environment? a. Use the Ruby on Rails and Node.js container images from docker.io as a base. Create custom Dockerfiles for each of these two applications and build container images from them. Deploy the images to an OpenShift cluster using the standard binary deployment process. b. Create custom S2I-based builder images, because there are no builder images available for Ruby on Rails and Node.js in OpenShift. c. Use the Ruby on Rails and Node.js S2I builder images from the Red Hat Container Catalog, and deploy the applications to an OpenShift cluster using a standard S2I build process. d. Use the plain Ruby and Node.js-based container images from the Red Hat Container Catalog and create custom Dockerfiles for each of them. Build and deploy the resulting container images to an OpenShift cluster.

c

Which two of the following statements are correct regarding Kubernetes? (Choose two.) a. Kubernetes is a container. b. Kubernetes can only use Docker containers. c. Kubernetes is a container orchestration system. d. Kubernetes simplifies management, deployment, and scaling of containerized applications. e. Applications managed in a Kubernetes cluster are harder to maintain.

c,d

Which two sentences are correct regarding Kubernetes and OpenShift resource types? (Choose two.) a. A pod is responsible for provisioning its own persistent storage. b. All pods generated from the same replication controller have to run in the same node. c. A route is responsible for providing IP addresses for external access to pods. d. A replication controller is responsible for monitoring and maintaining the number of pods for a particular application.

c,d

Arrange the following stages in the correct order for a continuous integration pipeline for a Python application: 1. Run pylint tooling on the Python project and report the issues. 2. Run unit tests using the pytest framework. 3. Add Git tags to the project to enable reproducible builds. 4. Checkout application source code from a Git repository. a. 4, 2, 3, 1 b. 4, 3, 1, 2 c. 4, 3, 2, 1 d. 4, 1, 2, 3

d