OpenStax Intro Psych Chapter 16

What does research show regarding race and ethnic differences in those who receive mental health services?

A. Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than White, middle-class Americans.

________ were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders.

A. asylums

Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors?

A. behavior

Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease.

A. chronic

The amount of time spent in therapy depends on the needs of the client and the ________.

A. client's personal goals

Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy.

A. client-centered

Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

A. cognitive therapy

The primary therapeutic orientation used in couples counseling and in addiction treatment settings is ________.

A. cognitive-behavioral therapy

Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so?

A. confidentiality

Breach of confidentiality is a greater risk in ________ therapy.

A. group

Who developed client-centered therapy?

B. Carl Rogers

Who led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States?

B. Dorothea Dix

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

B. How you think determines how you feel.

Renzo's therapist helps him learn to overcome his fear of dogs through several stages of relaxation techniques. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

B. behavior therapy

What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy?

B. client's present and future

Exposure therapy is a ________ technique.

B. counterconditioning

Aversive conditioning is a ________.

B. counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior

Which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician?

B. group therapy

What is the goal of humanistic therapy?

B. helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves

For Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this?

B. stimulus hierarchy

Which of the following is a benefit of group therapy?

C. It can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem.

What does research suggest about the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques?

C. No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another.

Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization?

C. You can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time.

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

C. cognitive-behavioral therapy

ECT stands for ________.

C. electroconvulsive therapy

Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________.

C. process of closing large asylums

A school counselor leads a support group for children whose parents have AIDS. The counselor focuses on defining AIDS, discussing treatment and side effects of treatment, and how the children can develop coping mechanisms. This exemplifies ________.

C. psycho-educational treatment

Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________.

C. race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment

Returning to repeated drug use and/or alcohol use (or other undesired behavior) after a period of improvement from substance use is called ________.

C. relapse

Carl Rogers called his therapeutic orientation client-centered therapy because he thought the term "patient" ________.

C. suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure

What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy?

D. CBT helps clients examine how their thoughts affect their behavior

Who developed psychoanalysis?

D. Sigmund Freud

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.

D. intake

Jarl makes several minor mistakes during his conversational French class. Instead of thinking, "everyone makes mistakes sometimes," he thinks, "I am so stupid." What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

D. overgeneralization

n medieval times, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was ________.

D. possessed by demons

Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

D. psychodynamic psychotherapy

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.

D. severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using?

D. systematic desensitization

Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________.

D. token economy

Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

D. unconditional positive regard