Operations Management Chapter 3
Which could be an appropriate unit for a processing time? -second. -minutes -seconds/customer -minutes/burger
-Seconds/customer -Minutes/burger
Resources help the flow units to move from being a unit of ____________ to a unit of ____________.
Input, Output
Cycle time
the time between completing two consecutive flow units
Processing time
the time it takes a resource to complete one flow unit
To increase the capacity of a process one must increase the capacity of the resource that is the _________
Bottleneck
Which could be an appropriate unit for a demand rate? -Cars -Days -Cars per day -Hamburgers
Cars per day
A _____ _____ _____ is a graphical way to describe a process. Boxes
Process Flow Diagram
_______ ___________ identifies and analyzes all the activities involved in serving one unit of demand or, put differently, in providing one unit of supply.
Process analysis
Bottleneck
resource with the lowest capacity in a process
If the cycle time is 2 minutes/customer then how many customers are served per hour?
30
What shape is used to represent resources in a process flow diagram? -Circleb -Box -Triangled. -Polygon
Box
True or false: The bottleneck is the resource with the longest processing time.
False Reason: Capacity is also determined by the number of employees working at the resource.
True or false: A process that is demand constrained can have utilization of 100%
False Reason: If process is demand constrained then flow rate will be less than capacity.
If inventory goes up but flow time stays constant what will happen to cycle time?
It will go down
__________ help the flow units to move from being a unit of input to becoming a unit of output.
Resources
What shape is used to represent flow units waiting in a system (buffer inventory)?
Triangle
Process flow diagram
a graphical way to describe the process. It uses boxes to depict resources, arrows to depict flows, and triangles to depict inventory location
Resource
a group of people and/or equipment that transforms inputs into outputs
Machine-paced
a process in which all steps are connected through a conveyor belt and all the steps mush work at the same rate even if some of them have more capacity than others
Worker-paced
a process line in which each resource is free to work at its own pace; if the first resource finishes before the next one is ready to accept the flow unit, then the first resource puts the completed flow unit in the inventory between the two resources
Process analysis
a rigorous framework for understanding the detailed operations of a business. Determines how many flow units can be processed per unit of time and how busy the resources of the process are
Throughput
a synonym for flow rate, the number of flow units flowing through the process per unit of time
Flow units waiting in the process without being worked on are often referred to as _________ inventory.
buffer
For a process that is ______ constrained the bottleneck resource will have 100% utilization.
capacity
When the flow rate is less than the demand rate the process is referred to as ________ constrained.
capacity
An organization that wants to fulfill customer orders more quickly should make the cycle time of their fulfillment process ___________
decrease
If the cycle time for a process goes down then the time to finish X units starting with empty inventory buffers will ____. -stay the same -increase -decrease
decrease
If the flow time for a process goes down then the time to finish X units starting with empty inventory buffers will ______.
decrease
If process capacity is 100 units per hour and customers desire 80 units per hour then the process is ______ constrained.
demand
The ________ rate is the number of flow units that customers want per unit of time.
demand
A process flow diagram is a graphical way to _______ the process.
describe
In a process flow diagram, triangles are used to represent _______ waiting in a system.
flow units
If the cycle time increases, but no new resources are added to the process, then the time needed to serve 100 customers will ____. -stay the same -increase -decrease
increase
As cycle time increases, the time to make Q units
increases
Flow units waiting in the process without being worked on are often referred to as buffer ____.
inventory
Flow rate can be ____ process capacity.
less than, equal to
The bottleneck in a process is the resource with the ____ capacity. -greatest -lowest
lowest
The ____ time of a resource is how long that particular resource takes to complete one flow unit.
processing
Capacity-constrained
the case in which demand exceeds supply and the flow rate is equal to process capacity
Demand-constrained
the case in which process capacity exceeds demand and thus the flow rate is equal to the demand rate
Process capacity
the maximum flow rate a process can provide per unit of time. This determines the maximum supply of the process. Is the smallest capacity of all resources in the process
Capacity
the maximum number of flow units that can flow through that resource per unit of time
Demand rate
the number of flow units that customers want per unit of time
Upstream
the parts of the process that are at the beginning of the process flow
Downstream
the parts of the process that are at the end of the process flow
Utilization
the ratio between the flow rate (how fast the process is currently operating) and the process capacity (capturing how fast the process could be operating if there was sufficient demand)
Lead time
the time between when an order is placed and when it is filled. Process lead time is frequently used as an alternative term for flow time
Time through the empty system
the time it takes the first flow unit to flow through an empty process; that is, a process that has no inventory
Flow unit
the unit of analysis that we consider in a process analysis: for example, patients in a hospital
True or false: Utilization can be greater than 100%.
False
______ are shown as rectangular boxes in the process flow diagram.
Resources