operations test 2

When the standard deviation of the process distribution is​ known, the expression for the upper and lower control limits on an​ x-bar chart includes which of the following​ factors? A. Normal deviation​ (z-scores) B. Cpk C. Product specifications D. Range

A. Normal deviation​ (z-scores)

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of small lot size for lean​ systems? A. Potential increase in process setups B. Reduction in product lead times C. Enables a uniform system workload D. ​Reduction-of-cycle inventory

A. Potential increase in process setups

Chang and Chang observe that the competition is increasing the size of its warehouses. They have decided to do the same. They are following​ _______ strategy. A. a follow the leader B. a Theory of Constraints C. an expansionist D. a​ wait-and-see

A. a follow the leader

Training workers to do their jobs properly and working with suppliers to improve the quality of material they supply to you are examples of A. prevention costs. B. appraisal costs. C. external failure costs. D. internal failure costs.

A. prevention costs.

Using input measures of capacity is least appropriate in which of the following​ situations? A. product variety and process divergence is low B. significant learning effects are expected C. productivity rates are expected to change D. the product or service mix is changing

A. product variety and process divergence is low

In lean​ systems, part commonality serves to increase A. repeatability. B. the number of suppliers needed. C. inventory. D. the number of deliveries needed.

A. repeatability.

When plotting values on a control​ chart, the first point that falls outside of the lower control limit​ (LCL) means A. the cause should be investigated. B. the process owner should take samples more frequently. C. a type I error has occurred. D. a run has been encountered.

A. the cause should be investigated.

A​ silk-screening company printed ceremonial shawls. Products must be discounted if the number of blemishes exceeds the​ 3-sigma tolerance limits.​ Historically, the process produces an average of 2.1 blemishes per shawl. What are the​ 3-sigma control limits on this​ process? A. ​0.0, 6.45 B. ​2.1, 8.4 C. −​2.25, 0 D. Cannot be calculated since no sample size is given.

A. ​0.0, 6.45

A control chart typically does NOT show which of the following​ values? A. Outer limit B. Target line C. Upper control limit D. Lower control limit

A. Outer limit

The overall focus of TQM is always on the needs of the customer through a culture of continuous improvement and an active engagement and involvement of employees at all levels. A. True B. False

A. True

Which of the following statements about acceptance sampling is​ true? A. Acceptance sampling limits the​ seller's risk of producing​ poor-quality materials. B. Acceptance sampling is the application of statistical techniques to determine if a quantity of material from a supplier should be accepted or rejected. C. Acceptance sampling eliminates the chance of accepting​ bad-quality materials. D. All of the above are true.

B. Acceptance sampling is the application of statistical techniques to determine if a quantity of material from a supplier should be accepted or rejected.

​Long-term capacity planning deals with which of the following​ factors? A. Workforce size B. Investment in new facilities C. Inventories D. Overtime budgets

B. Investment in new facilities

Which of these issues is a problem associated with the conversion to a lean production​ system? A. There is a decrease in the level of trust in a plant once all of the processes have been automated. B. Workers can feel pushed and stressed since the safety net of inventory has been removed. C. Workers can become bored when the current layout is retained and remains fixed. D. Lean systems require considerable specialization and emphasize each worker retaining one specific job assignment.

B. Workers can feel pushed and stressed since the safety net of inventory has been removed.

Lean Farms operated every process with a lean philosophy. For example once Cletus returned with an empty​ wheelbarrow, Jake knew it was time to get busy shoveling manure in order to fill it back up. This is an example of A. a kanban card. B. a container system. C. a​ poka-yoke. D. a containerless system.

B. a container system.

Input measures of capacity are preferred when there A. are service processes. B. are flexible flow processes. C. is low customization. D. are​ high-volume processes.

B. are flexible flow processes.

One of the LEAST effective supplier strategies for lean systems is A. ​smaller, more frequent stock shipments. B. a​ short-term, competitive relationship between the company and the supplier. C. use of local suppliers. D. to include suppliers during the product design phase.

B. a​ short-term, competitive relationship between the company and the supplier.

Benefits of having a flexible workforce include all of the following​ EXCEPT: A. decreased reliance on inventory buffers. B. decreased worker morale. C. it is easier to relieve bottlenecks. D. a more uniform work flow.

B. decreased worker morale.

Manufacturing an item before it is needed is an example of what form of​ waste? A. underutilization of employees B. overproduction C. inappropriate processing D. motion

B. overproduction

​Waiting-line models often are used in capacity planning in order to A. analyze the payoff of a series of​ events, such as​ competitors' actions, which requires a sequence of decisions regarding capacities. B. select an appropriate capacity cushion for a high​ customer-contact process. C. evaluate different capacity expansion alternatives when demand is uncertain. D. understand why forecast accuracy declines as the forecasting horizon lengthens.

B. select an appropriate capacity cushion for a high​ customer-contact process.

A diseconomy of scale is realized when A. the average cost per unit increases as the​ facility's size decreases. B. the average cost per unit increases as the​ facility's size increases. C. it becomes cheaper to produce fewer items per production period. D. the average cost per unit decreases as the​ facility's size increases.

B. the average cost per unit increases as the​ facility's size increases.

Which of the following is considered one of the four major cost of quality​ categories? A. postponement B. appraisal C. lost goodwill D. defects

B. Appraisal

A process that is in statistical control​ ________ be producing services or products according to their design specifications. A. can not B. may not C. will not D. will always

B. May not

Which of these terms is NOT one of the Five​ Ss? A. Sort B. Store C. Shine D. Sustain

B. store

The Peach State Onion​ Company's onion-bagging machine was found to operate at mean​ = 25.05 pounds with a standard deviation of 0.129 pounds. The company product specification calls for a bag weight of 25 lbs.​ +/- 0.45 lbs. Determine the process capability index. A. 1.16 B. 0.49 C. 1.03 D. 1.29

C. 1.03

What is the takt time of a manufacturing cell that must produce 250 parts over one shift with 7 hours of available​ time? A. 0.60 minutes per part B. 35 parts per hour C. 1.68 minutes per part D. 0.60 parts per minute

C. 1.68 minutes per part

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a kanban​ system? A. It controls the movement of containers from​ source/storage to the production process. B. At least one card is associated with a container of process input material. C. It serves as a push mechanism. D. Each container contains equal numbers of​ non-defective parts.

C. It serves as a push mechanism.

The Employee Involvement and Analytical Process Thinking intersection in the integrative view of TQM requires A. making quality an integral part of​ long-term planning. B. management by​ fact, and not authority. C. a commitment to ongoing employee training in statistical tools and their usage. D. that the employees are actually empowered to do their jobs and given autonomy in decision making.

C. a commitment to ongoing employee training in statistical tools and their usage.

What is a major reason why a traditional labor contract may cripple a​ company's ability implement​ lean? A. it may require a company to use​ large-lot production B. it reduces a​ company's ability to freeze their schedules to avoid disruptive changes in daily production C. it reduces the​ company's ability to reassign workers to other tasks as the need arises D. it reduces a​ company's ability to change their existing layout

C. it reduces the​ company's ability to reassign workers to other tasks as the need arises

Lean systems coupled with statistical process control​ (SPC) requires a high degree of regimentation which in turn can lead to A. the elimination of reward systems. B. trust issues among workers. C. worker stress. D. cooperation issues between workers and management.

C. worker stress.

It has been determined that 25 containers are necessary to adequately support the workstation that uses component Y. Each container used has a capacity for 90 components. What is the planned daily supply of component Y to the next​ workstation? A. ​1,750 B. 900 C. ​2,250 D. ​3,000

C. ​2,250

Anna's landscaping business has a capacity​ gap; which alternative can best be described as​ "simply to do​ nothing"? A. ​Follow-the leader strategy B. ​Wait-and-see strategy C. ​Base-case strategy D. Expansionist strategy

C. ​Base-case strategy

Capacity planning requires demand forecasts for an extended period of time. Forecast accuracy tends to​ _______ as the forecasting horizon​ _______. A. ​decline; shortens B. ​increase; lengthens C. ​decline; lengthens D. remain​ unchanged; lengthens

C. ​decline; lengthens

The pull method is illustrated by A. building it so they will come. B. farm products. C. ​made-to-order computer systems. D. automobile assembly.

C. ​made-to-order computer systems.

The process capability index is compared to a critical value to judge whether a process is capable. Firms striving to achieve​ six-sigma performance use a critical value of A. 6.0. B. 1.33. C. 2.0. D. 1.0.

C. 2.0

Which of the Baldrige criteria is given the most weight in selecting​ winners? A. leadership B. customer focus C. results D. workforce focus

C. results

Line flows are recommended in designing lean system layouts because they eliminate waste by reducing A. the complexity of setups. B. the requirement for advanced employee training. C. the frequency of setups. D. standard work

C. the frequency of setups

Lean systems can be an integral part of a corporate strategy based on speed as they improve which of the​ following? A. labor productivity B. cycle times C. inventory turnover D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following is a principal reason that explains why economies of scale can drive costs down when output​ increases? A. process advantages are found B. costs of purchased materials are cut C. construction costs are reduced D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following is an element of a deceptive business practice that presents a major concern for service or product​ quality? A. The conduct of the provider is intentional and motivated by a desire to exploit the customer. B. The provider conceals the truth based upon what is actually known to the provider. C. The transaction is intended to generate a disproportionate economic benefit to the provider at the expense of the customer. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following is true about ISO​ 9001:2015, the standards governing documentation of a quality​ program? A. Compliance with ISO​ 9001:2015 standards says nothing about the actual quality of a product. B. Compliance with ISO​ 9001:2015 standards indicates to customers that companies can provide documentation to support whatever claims they make about quality. C. Companies become certified by proving to a qualified external examiner that they comply with all the requirements. D. All of the above are true.

D. All of the above are true.

Which of the following best characterizes JIT​ systems? A. Push method of material flow B. Build inventory at a modest rate C. Annual review of operation methods D. Pull method of materials flow

D. Pull method of materials flow

Which diagram is NOT a part of value stream​ mapping? A. Current state drawing B. Implementation plan C. Future state drawing D. Transitional phase diagram

D. Transitional phase diagram

The underlying statistical distribution for the​ P-chart is the A. Poisson distribution. B. Z distribution. C. normal distribution. D. binomial distribution.

D. binomial distribution.

A measure of the reserve capacity a process has to handle in unexpected increases in demand is the A. capacity constraint limit. B. capacity utilization rate. C. capacity bottleneck. D. capacity cushion.

D. capacity cushion.

When evaluating alternative capacity​ decisions, qualitative concerns exclude A. uncertainties about demand. B. competitive reaction. C. technology change. D. cash flow.

D. cash flow.

TQM stresses three principles for achieving high levels of process performance and quality. Which of the following is one of​ them? A. ​life-long employment B. management leadership C. continuous employee improvement D. customer satisfaction

D. customer satisfaction

​Waiting-line problems that cannot be studied with​ waiting-line models must be analyzed with which analytical​ tool? A. regression analysis B. forecasting tools C. decision trees D. simulation

D. simulation

Value stream mapping analysts start from ​ ________ and work​ _______ to draw the map by hand. A. the raw material​ end; downstream B. secondary​ data; quickly C. a project​ description; with management D. the customer​ end; upstream

D. the customer​ end; upstream

In acceptance​ sampling, if the sample passes the test then A. the remaining quantity of items is subjected to 100 percent inspection. B. the supplier is producing​ 100% high quality output. C. the entire quantity is returned to the supplier. D. the entire quantity of items is accepted.

D. the entire quantity of items is accepted.

Most experts on the costs of poor process performance and quality estimate losses in the range of​ ________ percent of gross sales for defective or unsatisfactory products. A. 10 to 20 B. 0 to 10 C. 30 to 40 D. 20 to 30

D. 20 to 30

The​ 3-sigma limits for a process whose distribution conforms to the normal distribution includes​ _______ of the observed​ values, in the long run. A. ​95.44% B. ​50% C. ​68.26% D. ​99.74%

D. 99.74%

The​ plan-do-study-act cycle illustrates A. the improvement in costs associated with implementation of ISO 9000. B. the rise and fall of points in a process that is exhibiting only common cause variation. C. the type of chart to make for each process control situation. D. continuous improvement.

D. continuous improvement

Which of the following is one of the seven major criteria for the Baldrige​ award? A. process expertise B. industry standing C. vendor management D. results

D. results

An airline company must plan its fleet capacity and its​ long-term schedule of aircraft usage. For one flight​ segment, the average number of customers per day is​ 70, which represents a 65 percent utilization rate of the equipment assigned to the flight segment. If demand is expected to increase to 95 customers for this flight segment in three​ years, what capacity requirement should be​ planned? Assume that management deems that a capacity cushion of 30 percent is appropriate.

The needed capacity requirement is 136 customers per day.

A process failure that results in the​ process's inability to meet advertised performance standards violates which of the five definitions of​ quality? A. fitness for use B. value C. psychological impressions D. conformance to specifications

conformance to specifications