Oral Hypoglycemic Agents

MK-0431, LAF-237, GSK23A all come from? A. DPP-IV B. GLP-1 C. Glucagon D. all of the above E. none of the above

A. DPP-IV

Which of the following drugs causes translocation of the GLUT-4 glucose transporter? A. Glimepiride B. Glipizide C. Glyburide D. none of the above E. all of the above

A. Glimepiride

Guanidine, phenformin and metformin are drugs under what class? A. insulin secretagogues B. Biguanides C. Thiazolidindiones D. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors E. none of the above

B. Biguanides

Acarbose is an alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor that can reduce the rate of disaccharide hydrolysis: A: From fructose to sucrose and glucose B: From sucrose to fructose and glucose C: From glucose to fructose and sucrose D: None of the above

B: From sucrose to fructose and glucose

In term of sweetness index, which of the following is the sweetest? A: Lactose B: Fructose C: Sucrose D: They are of the same sweetness.

B: Fructose

As the 2nd generation sulfonylureas, the Glipizide, has shown the following advantage(s)? A: Large dose (500 mg) B: High serum protein bound (>92%) C: Short duration time (6 hr) D: All of the above E: None of the above

B: High serum protein bound (>92%)

Which of the following classes enhance insulin sensitivity in muscle and adipose tissue and inhibit hepatic glucose production? A. insulin secretagogues B. Biguanides C. Thiazolidindiones D. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors E. Two of the above

C. Thiazolidindiones

The oral hypoglycemic agents contain the following drug classes EXCEPT for? A: D-phenylalanine derivatives B: Biguanides C: Aspartame D: Glucosidase Inhibitors E: Thiazolidindiones

C: Aspartame

Which of the following sugar substitutes belong to sugar alcohols: A: Aspartame B: Stevia C: Xylitol D: None of the above

C: Xylitol

Which of the following is FALSE about glucagon A. Its a peptide hormone B. comes from alpha cells of the pancreas C. converts glycogen into glucose D. 37 amino acid peptide E. two of the above F. none of the above

D. 37 amino acid peptide (29 amino acid peptide)

Which of the following drugs are classified as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors? A. Acarbose B. miglitol C. Tolazimide D. A and B E. B and C F. All of the above

D. A and B

Which of the following is true about Sucralose? A. it contains 3 chlorines in its structure B. has a sweetness of 600X C. heat unstable D. A and B E. all of the above

D. A and B

Which of the following classes inhibits an enzyme that is found in border brush cells of small intestine that cleave complex carbohydrates into simple sugars? A. insulin secretagogues B. Biguanides C. Thiazolidindiones D. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors E. Two of the above

D. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Glipizide has shown the following advantage(s)? A: Small dose (5 mg) B: High serum protein bound (>92%) C: Long duration time (24 hr) D: All of the above E: None of the above

D: All of the above

The oral hypoglycemic agents contain the following drug classes? A: Insulin secretagogues B: Biguanides C: Glucosidase Inhibitors D: All of the above

D: All of the above

Referring to the structure, which feature is true about the Glimepiride? A: It belongs to the sulfonylureas, a major class of insulin secretagogues. B: It is a weak acid with pKa about 5.0. C: Its primary metabolism in liver gives methyl group in 4-position. D: All of the above.

D: All of the above.

Another oral hypoglycemic agent, the Troglitazone (structure shown), improves sensitivity to insulin in adipose, muscle and liver. It binds to which of the following targets? A: ATP-dependent K+ channels B: Peroxisome Proliferater-Activated Receptor alpha (PPARa) C: Dihydrofolate Reductase D: None of the above

D: None of the above

As shown by the chemical structure below, the Glipizide belongs to which of the following oral antidiabetic drug class? A: Biguanides B: D-phenylalanine derivatives C: First Generation of Sulfonylureas D: Second Generation of Sulfonylureas E: None of the above

D: Second Generation of Sulfonylureas

Which drug classes are approve for type 2 diabetes in a combination therapy? A. Sulfonylureas B. thiazolidindiones C. alpha-glucosidase inhibitors D. A and B E. A and C F. none of the above

E. A and C

Which of the following lowers blood glucose INDEPENDENT of functioning of pancreatic beta cells? A. Biguanides B. Guanidine C. Phenoformin D. A and B E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Which of the following classes stimulates the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells? A. insulin secretagogues B. Biguanides C. Thiazolidindiones D. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors E. Two of the above

E. Two of the above (A and B)

Which of the following sulfonylureas have active and inactive metabolites? A. Tolbutamide B. Tolazamide C. Glipizide D. Glyburide E. a and b F. c and d

E. a and b

Which class of drugs modulate K+ efflux through ion channel but do NOT have a direct effect on insulin exocytosis from the pancreas? A. Insulin secretagogue B. meglitinides C. Repaglinide D. B and C E. all of the above

E. all of the above

Which of the following are true about Thiazolidinediones? A. Binds Peroxisome Proliferater-Activated Receptor gamma B. Extensively metabolized on the aromatic ring or side chain C. enhance insulin sensitivity in muscle and adipose tissue D. A and C E. all of the above

E. all of the above

Which of the following sulfonylureas have cis and trans isoforms? A. Tolbutamide B. Tolazamide C. Glipizide D. Glyburide E. a and b F. c and d

F. c and d

Which of the following if FALSE about Biguanides? A. Lower blood glucose independent of functioning beta cells B. Reduce fasting hyperglycemia C. reduce post-prandial hyperglycemia D. A and B E. A and C F. none of the above

F. none of the above

T/F sulfonylureas can produce unwanted hyperglycemia?

False, it produces unwanted HYPOGLYCEMIA

T/F DPP-IV removes 2 amino acids from the amine terminus of GLP-1 and inactivates the hormone in the intestinal capillaries

True

Which of the following drugs have 5 major metabolites due to oxidation reactions occurring on the side chain? A. Pioglitazone B. Troglitazone C. Rosiglitazone D. All of the above E. none of the above

A. Pioglitazone

Which of the following are FALSE about sugar alcohols? A. Promote tooth decay B. most common forms are Maltitol, sorbitol, xylitol and erythritol C. are used in chewing gum D. two of the above E. none of the above

A. Promote tooth decay (they DO NOT promote tooth decay)

Which of the following sugar substitutes is approved for all food uses? A. Sucralose B. Saccharin C. Aspartame D. All of the above E. none of the above

A. Sucralose

Which of the following are sugar alcohols? A. xylitol B. Saccharin C. Aspartame D. two of the above E. none of the above

A. xylitol

What are the 3 classes of insulin secretagogues?

Sulfonylureas, meglitinides, D-phenylalanine derivatives