Org Behavior Final Exam

Which of the following is a difference between rituals and ceremonies?

Ceremonies are usually formal, whereas rituals are informal.

What are "strong ties"?

Close-knit relationships

Renee is entering a factory and sees a sign that states "Hard hats and goggles must be worn upon entering. Violators will be fined." Which component of OB Mod is this?

antecedent

Which of the following is a third-party conflict resolution strategy with low process control and high decision control?

arbitration

Which of the following are the observable indicators of organizational culture?

artifacts

How would people in Brazil and France most likely interpret interruptions during a conversation?

as a sign of interest

When the acquired firm has a weak, but similar culture compared to the acquiring firm, it is best to use the ___________ merger strategy.

assimilation

What are the five C's of desirable teamwork behavior?

cooperating, coordinating, conflict-handling, communicating, comforting

Needs are the motivational forces of ________ channeled toward particular goals to correct deficiencies or imbalances.

emotions

Jake slams his finger while closing a cabinet drawer. Due to ____, Mandy winces and shakes her hand.

emotional contagion

In the context of interpersonal conflict-handling styles, a ___ represents the forcing style.

low degree of cooperativeness and a high degree of assertiveness

Which of the following factors leads to relationship conflicts in teams?

low levels of communication

____ is the capacity of a communication medium to transmit information.

media richness

Establishing a preset level at which the decision is abandoned or reevaluated is recommended mainly to do which of the following?

minimize escalation of commitment

By improving ____, goal setting influences employee behavior and performance.

motivation and clarifying role perceptions

Jeremy is known to be the workplace bully. His manager has spoken to him many times about this. But the bullying continues and is becoming more serious. Which behavioral consequence would be appropriate in this situation?

punishment

Employees with ____ interdependence, in which work output is exchanged back and forth among individuals, should be organized into teams to facilitate coordination in their interwoven relationship.

reciprocal

Although Joanna expects much from her employees, the people that work for Joanna identify with her values, like her, and respect her as a person. Joanna has ___________ power.

referent

By ____, active listeners can improve their responding.

rephrasing the speaker's ideas at appropriate breaks

A best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA)

represents the estimated cost of walking away from the relationship.

What are process losses?

resources expanded on team development and maintenance

According to the four-drive theory, which of the following drives is the foundation of competition and the basis of our need for esteem?

the drive to acquire

Which of the following fundamental drives is highly influenced by effective communication?

the drive to bond

Who usually forms an organization's culture?

the founders

Charisma refers to

the personal traits that provide referent power over others.

What is satisficing?

the tendency to choose an alternative that is good enough rather than the best

Jackie is the CEO of a struggling company. She has listened to her employees' concerns about where the corporation is going and has developed a new vision that she feels will help foster a common bond throughout the organization. Jackie then hosted a company-wide picnic where she delivered an inspiring speech about the new plans for the business, including her plans for more open communication between management and employees. After her speech, management and employees all participated in trust-building exercises, and then each employee had a one-on-one conversation with Jackie. Which perspective of leadership most closely resembles Jackie's actions?

transformational

You see a group of employees at the company cafeteria and recognize a few as from the Engineering Department. Due to ____, you assume the group are all engineers. A categorical thinking B confirmation bias C mental models D selective attention

A categorical thinking

Customer service representatives (CSRs) often use ____ to conceal their frustration when serving an irritating customer. A emotional labor B emotional dissonance C cognitive dissonance D humor

A emotional labor

Joseph and Cal were at a loud tailgating party, but due to ____, they were able to continue their conversation despite the noise around them. A selective attention B emotional markers C perceptual grouping D mental models

A selective attention

Which three elements define one's self-evaluation? A self-esteem, self-efficacy, and locus of control B self-esteem, self-efficacy, and self-enhancement C self-verification, self-efficacy, and locus of control D self-esteem, self-verification, and self-enhancement

A self-esteem, self-efficacy, and locus of control

Commitment heuristic

A strategy in which we commit ourselves to the belief that something is true when it is only likely to be true.

Susan is a flight attendant for a large airline. She exclusively works a long flight from Chicago to Vienna, and is expected to constantly maintain a positive attitude no matter what situation arises. Over the years, Susan has learned to actually produce these desired emotions. Based on this. Susan has learned how to A engage in surface acting. B engage in deep acting. C shift her attention. D play acting.

B engage in deep acting.

Role Perceptions

According to the MARS model, which of the following directly influences an employee's voluntary behavior and performance? A. Role Perceptions B. Direct employment C. Corporate social responsibility D. Remote work

Role Clarity

An individual has ___ when they understand the specific duties or consequences for which the employee is accountable. A. Motivation B. Role Clarity C. Role Ambiguity D. Ability

High Extraversion

An organization s in the process of hiring sales professionals who are expected to meet weekly target of at least 25 sales per week. For this role, the organization is most likely to choose candidates with which Big Five Personality type? A. High Neuroticism B. Low Conscientiousness C. High introversion D. High Extraversion

Utilitarianism

Andrew was having a disagreement with his co-owner, Beatriz. Andrew felt that they should give smaller bonuses to more people instead of large bonuses to a few. Which ethical principle does Andrew adhere to? A. Utilitarianism B. Power Distance C. Conservation D. Self-enhancement

According to the expectancy theory, which of the following would be a way to increase an employee's E-to-P expectancy?

Assure the employee that he or she has the necessary competencies.

____ exists when the individual's identities require similar personality traits, values, and other attributes. A Low consistency B High consistency C Self-esteem D High clarity

B High consistency

Which of the following best describes emotional intelligence? A a personality trait B a set of abilities C a form of organizational commitment D an action-tendency indicating that a person is highly motivated

B a set of abilities

Which of the following results from a combination of social identity and self-enhancement? A attribution, acceptance, and modification. B categorization, homogenization, and differentiation. C perception, personality, and attitude. D fundamental attribution, self-serving attribution, and social identity

B categorization, homogenization, and differentiation.

People with more positive emotions typically have higher ____ and are extraverted. A neuroticism B emotional stability C turnover D consistency

B emotional stability

Which of the following is most similar to the difference between emotions and attitudes? A eating something versus drinking something B experiencing something versus judging something C perceiving something versus behaving toward something D knowing about something versus doing something

B experiencing something versus judging something

By ____, one can successfully minimize perceptual bias. A increasing stereotyping B increasing self-awareness C closing the Johari window D increasing differentiation

B increasing self-awareness

People are ____ when they are unsure of their self-views. A difficult to influence B more stressed in decision-making situations C defined by their work D frequently absent

B more stressed in decision-making situations

Which of the following proposes that job satisfaction has a positive effect on customer service, which flows on to shareholder financial returns? A exit-voice-loyalty-neglect model B service profit chain model C emotional intelligence model D MARS model

B service profit chain model

Habib was unhappy with his company's parking situation. He found it very stressful to find reasonably priced parking close to his workplace, and what he found caused him to walk several blocks in all weather conditions. This eventually led to job dissatisfaction. Hence, he recommended ways to his manager to solve this problem. According to the exit-voice- loyalty-neglect (EVLN) model, this information suggests that ____ was Habib's main reaction to job dissatisfaction. A exit B voice C neglect D loyalty

B voice

____ is the mostly nonconscious process of organizing people and objects into preconceived categories that are stored in our long-term memory. A Mental model B Social identification C Categorical thinking D Personal identification

C Categorical thinking

____ is the tendency to assign more favorable characteristics to people in our groups than to people in other groups. A Categorization B Homogenization C Differentiation D The halo effect

C Differentiation

Which of the statements about emotional labor is TRUE? A Jobs involving customer service do not require emotional labor. B Research indicates that emotional display rules and norms are very similar around the world. C Emotional labor demands are higher in jobs requiring a variety of emotions. D Emotional labor demands are lower in jobs where interaction with clients is frequent

C Emotional labor demands are higher in jobs requiring a variety of emotions.

Which of the following correctly defines emotions? A Emotions are feelings that are not directed toward anything in particular. B Emotions are judgments about what is right or wrong. C Emotions are physiological, behavioral, and psychological episodes experienced toward an object, person, or event that create a state of readiness. D Emotions are the cluster of beliefs, assessed feelings, and behavioral intentions toward a person, object, or event which is called an attitude object.

C Emotions are physiological, behavioral, and psychological episodes experienced toward an object, person, or event that create a state of readiness.

Which of the following statements about job satisfaction and job performance is TRUE? A Employees who are dissatisfied with their jobs do not have high job performance. B Job satisfaction has almost no effect on job performance. C Employees who are satisfied with their jobs have higher job performance. D Happy workers are less productive workers.

C Employees who are satisfied with their jobs have higher job performance.

____ is the process in which individuals try to confirm and maintain their existing self concept. A Self-efficacy B Self-esteem C Self-verification D Self-enhancement

C Self-verification

Why is it difficult to prevent the activation of stereotypes? A because they are individual beliefs not shared within a society B because of the primacy effect C because it is an automatic and nonconscious process D because we are unable to minimize the application of stereotypic information

C because it is an automatic and nonconscious process

Susan is a flight attendant for a large airline. She exclusively works a long flight from Chicago to Vienna, and is expected to constantly maintain a positive attitude no matter what situation arises. Over the years, Susan has noticed that when dealing with Americans, their emotions tend to run higher in stressful situations, as opposed to Austrian passengers who tend to be more reserved in stressful or unhappy situations, and she often feels frustrated. This is due to the difference in ____ between the two cultures. A emotional intelligence B stereotypes C display rules D deep acting

C display rules

Someone with an external locus of control would say ____ are the most likely cause of events in his or her life. A personal talent B personal choices C lucky streaks D a lack of motivation

C lucky streaks

What is the highest level of emotional intelligence? A being aware of other people's emotions B managing one's own emotions C managing other people's emotions D being aware of one's own emotions

C managing other people's emotions

Lance describes himself as a New Yorker, a life-long Yankees fan, a Columbia University grad, and a struggling actor. This is Lance's A self-enhancement. B self-verification. C social identity. D social enhancement.

C social identity.

Which of the following is TRUE of complexity in the context of an individual's self-concept? A. It is the tendency to rate oneself above average. B. It only exists when most of the individual's self-perceived roles require similar personality traits, values, and other attributes. C. It is the number of selves that define who an individual is and the separation of those selves. D It is the degree to which an individual has a clear, confidently defined, and stable self-concept.

C. It is the number of selves that define who an individual is and the separation of those selves

Which of the following statements is TRUE of countervailing power in organizational relationships?

Countervailing power is the weaker party's power to maintain the stronger party's continued participation in the relationship.

Which of the following can result in more effective problem identification?

Create a norm of divine discontent

Which of the following most likely occurs due to confirmation bias? A An employee is too modest to accept positive feedback. B A student is startled by a loud noise in the hallway. C A manager believes his actions are correct and ignores evidence that proves that his actions are incorrect. D A manager considers female workers to be less productive than the male workers

D A manager considers female workers to be less productive than the male workers

Marge really hated dealing with crabby customers, but she put a smile on her face when she was behind the customer service desk and treated everyone the same. ____ refers to the uncomfortable tension Marge felt when her behavior and attitudes were inconsistent. A Cognitive distance B Emotional intelligence C Core affect D Cognitive dissonance

D Cognitive dissonance

Intensity

If a student put a lot of effort into getting an A in their organizational behavior class, they would score high on which motivational component? A. Persistence B. Direction C. Intensity D. Aptitude

The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect (EVLN) model does which of the following? A It outlines the four consequences of emotional intelligence. B It identifies the four ways to manage employee emotions. C It explains why the psychological contract differs between employees and their employers. D It is a template for organizing and understanding the consequences of job dissatisfaction.

D It is a template for organizing and understanding the consequences of job dissatisfaction.

Which of the following regarding surface acting is correct? A It requires little mental effort. B It is the best strategy for emotional labor. C Since the emotions are actually felt, it is genuine. D People can frequently recognize fake emotions

D People can frequently recognize fake emotions

Companies can increase the emotional intelligence (EI) of their employees is by doing which of the following? A Require EI as standard operating procedure. B Provide aptitude coaching. C Administer EI tests and tell employees their scores. D Provide EI training.

D Provide EI training.

What is the fundamental attribution error? A People seldom make attributions about their own behavior. B The likelihood of making an error attributing the behavior of another person increases with our familiarity of that other person. C We tend to believe that other people have the same beliefs and behaviors that we have. D We tend to overemphasize internal causes of another person's behavior and to discount or ignore external causes of their behavior.

D We tend to overemphasize internal causes of another person's behavior and to discount or ignore external causes of their behavior.

What term refers to established perceptions about an attitude object? A intentions B feelings C senses D beliefs

D beliefs

People reduce cognitive dissonance by doing which of the following? A reversing the decision that caused the dissonance B seeking out the negative aspects of a decision and highlighting them C pretending there were no alternatives to the decision D developing more favorable attitudes toward specific features of a decision

D developing more favorable attitudes toward specific features of a decision

In the Johari window, which of the following can result from disclosure of information to colleagues? A reducing our open area by reducing our blind area B increasing our unknown area by reducing our hidden area C decreasing our open area by increasing our amount of feedback D increasing our open area by reducing our hidden area

D increasing our open area by reducing our hidden area

Mental models are ____ that we develop to describe, explain, and predict the world around us. A stereotypes B forms of punishment C self-fulfilling prophecies D knowledge structures

D knowledge structures

Ramon is a student studying for two tests. One is in psychology, a subject he truly enjoys. The other is in accounting, a subject he does not like at all. Ramon is getting frustrated studying for accounting, so he stops and begins studying for psychology instead. Which strategy to regulate emotions is Ramon using? A change the situation B reframe the situation C amplify emotions D modify the situation

D modify the situation

Joanie is a newly hired engineer at an architectural firm. Because of her ____, she believes she can do almost anything and always maintains a "can do" attitude. A social identity B self-transcendence C self-verification D self-efficacy

D self-efficacy

Joanie is an engineer at an architectural firm. She is very skilled at her job and confident in that fact, but often has trouble adapting to changing job duties and environmental conditions. Joanie is most likely to have which of the following? A very high complexity B very low clarity C very low consistency. D very high clarity

D very high clarity

Deep acting involves: A using real emotions to handle difficult customers. B basing one's behavior on customer interactions. C ignoring customer needs and acting for a company's benefit. D visualizing reality differently and producing emotions to match the requirements.

D visualizing reality differently and producing emotions to match the requirements.

Which of the following is an observation from organizational behavior that contradicts the rational choice decision making process?

Decision makers have limited information-processing abilities.

Deep-level

Differences in the psychological characteristics across generations are an example of ___ diversity. A. Surface-level B. Internal C. Deep-Level D. Racial

Which would be the best strategy if a dysfunctional norm is very deeply ingrained in a team?

Disband the group and replace it with people having more favorable norms.

An individual's perceived probability that a particular level of effort will result in a particular level of performance is which component of the expectancy model?

E-to-P Expectancy

What theory suggests that employee motivation is influenced by perceptions of what other people contribute to and receive from the organization?

Equity Theory of Motivation

Openness to experience

Eric is the advertising head of a firm. He can be counted on to come up with imaginative, novel ideas...Which of the Big Five personality dimensions does Eric posses? A. Openness to experience B. Extraversion C. Neuroticism D. Thinking

High power distance and a strong nurturing orientation.

Etoni is a new employee who comes from a culture that values respect for people in higher positions and values the well-being of others more than goal achievement. Etoni's culture is characterized by which of the following? A. High power distance and a strong nurturing orientation B. high collectivism and a short-term orientation C. low uncertainty avoidance and high individualism D. Low power distance and a strong nurturing orientation.

People who work interdependently toward some purpose.

In the field of organizational behavior, groups of ______ represent organizations. A. people who work interpedently toward some purpose B. For profit business with more than 50 employees C. Government-registered entities D. People with independent profit-centered motives and objectives.

They transform incoming resources into outputs.

In the open systems view, what is the role of subsystems? A. They provide inputs to the system B. They are used to scan the external environment. C. They transform incoming resources into outputs D. They are the output of the system

Prime Inc. has come up with a new product developmental project for which the project manager forms a team. The team includes Cam, Demarco, Tamara, and Aisha from accounting, marketing, manufacturing, and sales divisions respectively. On completion of the project, the team disperses and the four return to their original departments. However, each week, the four meet after work on Thursdays to play darts at a local pub. The four meeting after work to play darts is an example of a(n)

Informal Group

_____ is the cornerstone of effective negotiations.

Information

___________ is the cornerstone of effective value creation.

Information

____ is a form of impression management.

Ingratiation

Why is the rational choice view of decision making impossible to apply in reality?

It assumes that people are perfectly rational in their decision making.

Why does the tendency to define problems in terms of a preferred solution occur?

It comforts decision makers by providing closure to a problem.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about confirmation bias?

It is otherwise known as postdecisional justification.

Which of the following is correct regarding a strategic vision?

It minimizes fear of the unknown.

Which of the following is correct regarding expectancy theory?

It states that work effort is directed toward behaviors that people believe will lead to the most favorable outcomes.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the self-enhancement effect?

It supports a positive self-concept, but it also increases the risk of escalation of commitment.

Distributive Justice

Javier believes he works much harder than his colleagues Berta. Javier has just gone to his manager and is very upset. He believes it is unfair that Berta received a larger salary increase than he did. Which ethical principal is reflected in Javier's behavior. A. Distributive Justice B. Individual rights C. Utilitarianism D. Ethics of care

Nurturing Orientation

Karen is from the United states and is on an assignment in Sweden. Karen is confused by her Swedish colleague's lack of competitiveness. Karen is unaware that Sweden has a(n) A. Achievement Orientation B. Nurturing Orientation C. Long-term Orientation D. Avoidance of uncertainty

Edgar works on a team with four other accounting professionals within a company's accounting department. Edgar doesn't particularly agree with some of his teammates' ideas, such as leaving work early and taking long lunches. However, he works comfortably with the group because they possess top-notch accounting skills and have never let him down while working on a project together. What foundation of trust does Edgar have in this team?

Knowledge Based

Counterproductive behavior

Lawrence stole a clock from his workplace. Which of the following refers to Lawrence's activity? A. Productive Behavior B. Counterproductive Behavior C. Task Performance D. Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Janice has worked for Grandma B's Candies in the marketing department for 17 years. Last week, the CEO formally announced that Grandma B's was acquired by a large candy company wanting to expand its business into high-quality gourmet chocolates. Janice heard by way of the company grapevine that layoffs would occur in the days to come. She and her coworkers are very anxious and have gathered in the break room to chat. How could corporate leaders relieve employee anxiety in this situation?

Listen to the grapevine and update employees through a media-rich channel, such as a face-to-face meeting.

A central feature of the communication model is the channel, also called the ________, through which information is transmitted.

Medium

Which of the following generally occurs during the storming stage of team development?

Members try to establish norms of appropriate behavior and performance standards.

direction, intensity, and persistence

Motivation affects a person's _____ of voluntary behavior. A. direction, intensity, and persistence B. antecedents, consequences, and reinforces C. size, shapes, and weight D. aptitudes, abilities, and competencies

In the context of the communication process model, ____ refers to the psychological, social, and structural barriers that distort and obscure the sender's intended message.

Noise

An example of a team ____ would be agreement that members should not interrupt others when they are speaking.

Norm

Ilona is a new employee at a leading IT firm. Within a few weeks, she learns that a large number of emails flood her inbox on a daily basis. She redirects emails of no significance to a junk folder. Ilona is using ____ to reduce information overload.

Omitting

improves our ability to predict and anticipate future workplace events, and why they occur.

Organizational behavior knowledge A. Originate mainly from models developed in chemistry and other natural sciences. B. Accurately predicts how anyone will behave in any situation C. Is more appropriate for people who work in computer science than in marketing. D. Iour ability to predict and anticipate future workplace events, and why they occur.

According to social identity theory, which of the following is true?

People define themselves by their group affiliations.

Which of the following is a major criticism of Maslow's needs hierarchy theory?

People do not progress through the hierarchy as the theory predicts.

Which of the following represents legitimate power?

People in certain roles can request a set of behaviors from others.

Nature and Nurture

Personality is shaped by two general forces, namely A. Nature and Nurture B. Nature and Heredity C. Heredity and Genes D. Socialization and Nurture

Which of the following statements is correct regarding pilot projects?

Pilot project are a cautious approach to organizational change.

Sofia works for Galaxy Manufacturing Inc., where her team shares a machine and materials with another team that works a different shift. Each team is responsible for ensuring that the machine is in working order and the work area is fully stocked before handing it over to the other team at shift change. The two teams sharing a work space and machine is known as ____ interdependence.

Pooled

______________ is the tendency to experience stronger negative emotions when losing something of value than the positive emotions experienced when gaining something of equal value.

Prospect Theory Effect

____ is the tendency to experience stronger negative emotions when losing something of value than the positive emotions experienced when gaining something of equal value.

Prospect theory effect

What is the relationship between emotional intelligence and relationship conflicts?

Relationship conflict is less likely to occur if emotional intelligence is high.

People with a high need for affiliation tend to do which of the following?

Seek approval from others.

High degree of moral intensity

Senior executives at CyberForm must make a decision that will affect many people, and the decision may produce good or bad consequences for those affected. This decision has a(n) A. High degree of ethical sensitivity B. Low degree of moral intensity C. Low degree of ethnical sensitivity D. High degree of moral intensity

Contingency anchor

Serge supervises toolmakers who make custom parts for the engineering department before these parts go into production. Deshaun is a self-starter who thrives on solving tough problems, while Duncan prefers straightforward jobs, and doesn't handle stress well. Last week, Serge gave Duncan a difficult, time-sensitive project. Serge recognized that Duncan would handle the project well if he approached him differently than he would if Deshaun was doing the work. Which conceptual anchor of OB knowledge is involved here? A. The systematic research anchor B. The multidisciplinary anchor C. The contingency anchor D. the multiple levels of analysis anchor.

Jessie and Preston are both managers at CPA4U, a large accounting firm. Each has a very different management style. Jessie frequently checks on her subordinates to see if there is any way she can help them to complete their projects. As a supervisor in the financial sector, Jessie maintains her moral integrity and is not swayed by pressures to take shortcuts. She tries to know a little bit about her employees' outside interests and always remembers everyone's birthday. Preston keeps to himself more and communicates with his subordinates mainly through emails; he's not particularly interested in his employees' after-work activities. His subordinates know exactly what is expected of them; they submit daily reports on their progress toward the weekly goals he has assigned them. Which type of leader is Jessie?

Servant Leader

___________ are unconscious, taken-for-granted perceptions or ideal prototypes of behavior that are considered the correct way to think and act toward problems and opportunities.

Shared assumptions

____ theory states that much learning and motivation occurs by observing and modeling others as well as by anticipating the consequences of our behavior.

Social cognitive

_____________provides an explanation of why people belong to informal groups.

Social identity theory

If an issue is time urgent and complex, which of the following would be the most important factor in choosing a channel?

Synchronicity

____ is the degree of attraction people feel toward the team and their motivation to remain members.

Team cohesion

is the degree to which team members have collective confidence in how well they work together and the likely success of their team effort.

Team efficacy

Human Capital

_____ refers to the knowledge, skills, abilities, creativity, and other valued resources that employees bring to the organization. A. Human Capital B. Open Systems C. Triple bottom line D. CSR

Which of the following is a feature of relationship conflict?

The conflict episodes are viewed as personal attacks rather than attempts to resolve the problem.

Which of the following is TRUE at the highest level of employee involvement?

The entire decision-making process is handed over to employees.

During a meeting, senior executives of a consumer products company were addressing the problem of being late in detecting several consumer trends, such as the trend toward using see-through plastics in kitchenware. While trying to determine the source of this problem, one executive said: "The main problem here is that we need to find a better industrial design firm to design our products." Which of the following best describes the decision-making problem that this executive is exhibiting?

The executive is defining the problem in terms of a solution

What is the optimal level of difficulty of a goal?

The goal is challenging but not impossible.

Which of the following refers to "walk the talk"?

The leader steps out and behaves in ways that symbolize the vision.

Surface-level

The observable demographic or physiological differences in people, such as their race, ethnicity, gender, age, and physical disabilities, constitute ___ diversity. A. Deep-level B. Internal C. Surface-level D. Organizational

Which of the is correct regarding cross-cultural communication?

The senders accent can be a barrier to communication.

Personality

______ is the relatively enduring pattern of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize a person, along with psychological processes behind those characteristics. A. Personality B. A Value C. Ethics D. Moral sensitivity

Elvira meets with her manager to ask for a raise. She seeks a 5% increase. As her manager counters, Elvira is reluctant to move off her starting point. This is an example of which decision making heuristic?

anchor and adjust heuristic

What effect do mental models have on the decision-making process?

They adversely influence evaluations by making it difficult to see new opportunities.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about digital messages?

They are usually inappropriate for ambiguous and novel situations.

Which of the following is characteristic of effective change agents

They communicate a vision in ways that are meaningful to others.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about action scripts?

They effectively shorten the decision-making process.

For which of the following would creative people tend to be more creative

They have a reasonable level of job security.

Openness to change and self-enhancement

Under Schwartz's circumplex model, hedonism is a part of wo different quadrant: A. Self-transcendence and self-enhancement B. Self-enhancement and conversion C. Openness to change and conversion D. Openness to change and self-enhancement

___________ involves calling upon higher authority or expertise, or symbolically relying on these sources to support the influencer's position.

Upward appeal

Which of the following should corporate leaders do with the organizational grapevine?

Use the grapevine as a signal of employee anxiety and view it as valid competitor to the company's formal communication system.

Perceptions of what is right and wrong

What are values? A. Perceptions of what is right and wrong B. A personality trait C. A five factor model of behavior D. Part of the MARS model

Referent power is typically associated with

charisma.

Conscientiousness Agreeableness Neuroticism Openness Extraversion

Which of the following acronyms represents the "Big Five" personality dimensions? A. CANOE B. VALUE C. MARSE D. SMART

MARS Model

Which of the following identities the four factors that directly influence individual behavior and performance? A. OB anchors B. MARS Model C. Myers-Briggs model D. Five Factor model

OB should study organizations by forming research questions, collecting data, and testing hypotheses against those data.

Which of the following is true according to the systematic research anchor? A. OB topics typically relate to the individual, team, and organizational levels of analysis. B. OB should import knowledge from other disciplines, not just create its own knowledge. C. OB theory should recognize that the effects of actions often vary with the situation. D. OB should study organizations by forming research questions, collecting data, and testing hypotheses against those data.

Personality is less evident in situations where social norms, reward systems, and other conditions constrain behavior.

Which of the following is true regarding personality? A. Personality changes several times throughout the year. B. Personality is formed in early childhood and never changes C. Personality is less evident in situations where social norms, reward systems, and other conditions constrain behavior. D. Personality has no basis in genetics.

Research suggests that the MBTI is helpful for career counseling and executive coaching.

Which of the following statements about the Myers-Briggs Type indicator (MBTI) is true? A. It advocates the view that thinking and feeling are not important in decision making. B. It is no longer used in organizations. C. Research has concluded that the MBTI does a poor job of measuring Jung's psychological types. D. Research suggests that the MBTI is helpful for career counseling and executive coaching.

They are more likely to know when unethical behavior occurs.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding people who have high moral sensitivity? A. They are more likely to know when unethical behavior occurs. B. They tend to have lower levels of empathy C. They are always more ethical than people with a moderate or low level of ethical sensitivity. D. They are individualistic and achievement oriented.

Remote work can lead to social isolation for the remote employees.

Which of the following statements regarding remote work is CORRECT? A. Allowing employees to work remotely is financially more costly to organization. B. Remote workers experience more stress than nonremote workers. C. Remote work is better when task performance cannot be measured. D. Remote work can lead to social isolation for the remote employees.

Situations can cause us to act in ways that are not consistent with our values.

Which of the following statements regarding values and individual behavior is correct? A. Personal values have a strong connection to motivation. B. Value awareness is present in all our daily events. C. Situations can cause us to act in ways that are not consistent with our values. D. Our behavior is always consistent with our personal values.

They value duty to the groups to which they belong.

Which of the following would be true of cultures with high collectivism? A. They accept unequal distribution of power. B. They value duty to the groups to which they belong. C. They value thrift, savings, and persistence. D. They appreciate the unique qualities that distinguish themselves from others.

Extraversion (assertiveness) and openness to experience

Which two Big Five personality factors best predict proactive task performance? A. Extraversion (assertiveness) and openness to experience B. Conscientiousness and extraversion (assertiveness) C. Agreeableness and openness to experience D. Extraversion (assertiveness) and agreeableness

Lower job performance due to poor role perceptions

You have just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. According to the MARS model, these new employees will likely have which of the following? A. Higher role clarity B. Lower job performance due to poor role perceptions C. Higher job performance because they are motivated and able to perform the work. D. Above-average organizational citizenship

Which of the following is true as your betweenness in a network increases?

You have more control of the distribution of information to people on either side of you.

When the factory needed to get production up, it instituted a reward system that sent the most productive employees on a trip to Florida. Harris, however, hated to travel and didn't know how to swim, so he slacked off on his production. According to the expectancy theory, this reward had ____ for Harris.

a negative outcome valence

For which of the following would a nonprogrammed decision be appropriate?

a nonroutine situation in which employees must search for alternative solutions

Reality shock is

a perceived discrepancy between employees' expectations and reality.

Which of the following communication channels is most effective when the sender wants to persuade the receiver?

a personal face-to-face media

By creating ____, employee involvement reduces the fear of the unknown and the not-invented-here syndrome.

a sense of ownership

Jessie and Preston are both managers at CPA4U, a large accounting firm. Each has a very different management style. Jessie frequently checks on her subordinates to see if there is any way she can help them to complete their projects. As a supervisor in the financial sector, Jessie maintains her moral integrity and is not swayed by pressures to take shortcuts. She tries to know a little bit about her employees' outside interests and always remembers everyone's birthday. Preston keeps to himself more and communicates with his subordinates mainly through emails; he's not particularly interested in his employees' after-work activities. His subordinates know exactly what is expected of them; they submit daily reports on their progress toward the weekly goals he has assigned them. Which type of leader is Preston?

a task-oriented leader

What is a task force?

a temporary team formed to solve a problem, realize an opportunity, or design a product or service

____ is particularly strong when the team's performance depends on the worst performer.

accountability

Shantal recently went to a communication workshop to improve her workplace performance. She learned that in effective communication she should resist forming an opinion until the speaker has finished, then attempt to empathize with the listener, and, finally, respond effectively to the speaker. She learned techniques regarding maintaining eye contact and sending back channel signals to show interest. Shantal is learning ____ listening.

active

Employees at SuperTech Services seek out opportunities rather than wait for them to arrive. They also have a strong learning orientation. This implies that SuperTech has a(n) __ culture.

adaptive

Most employees at United FiberTech support the idea that the company's success depends on their willingness to continually change and improve customer service. United FiberTech probably has

an adaptive culture.

Safety representatives in each of the six plants of a manufacturing company need to regularly communicate the number and type of health checks and safety incidents occurring in their plant. Each representative has a safety reporting document where he or she notes the type and number of infractions during the previous week. These incidents are well known to other representatives, so there are rarely any surprises. This weekly communication calls for

an effective use of lean media

In digital communication, what is flaming?

an emotionally charged message that communicates strong negative emotions

escalation of commitment

an increased commitment to a previous decision in spite of negative information

According to the attraction-selection-attrition (ASA) theory, job applicants

avoid employment in companies whose values seem incompatible with their own values.

Which of the following conflict management styles is associated with low cooperativeness and low assertiveness?

avoiding

When people have leadership prototypes, they

believe that leaders are effective only if they behave consistently with their own preconceptions of how an effective leader should act.

___________ literally refers to how much you are located between others in a network.

betweenness

Harvey's Hot Dogs started a performance-based reward system that accurately identified employees whose good performance led to higher rewards. How does this practice improve employee motivation?

by improving P-to-O expectancies

Which of these refers to the degree and nature of interdependence between the power holder and others?

centrality

Active listeners improve their sensing activities by

clarifying the message during presentation.

B&D Systems, a small company, wants to go in a different direction with the manufacturing of several products that are needed as quickly as possible for the Christmas season. Allison has worked for the company for several years and has a great deal of influence with the other employees in her group, and they have been slowing down management plans. After her manager tried several tactics, unsuccessfully, to get Allison on board with the proposed changes, the quickly approaching holiday deadlines forced management to fire Allison. Which of the following strategies is being used?

coercion

Employees have ___________ , ranging from sarcasm to ostracism, to ensure that coworkers conform to team norms.

coercive power

Which of the following behaviors of effective team members would primarily assist in maintaining healthy psychological and interpersonal dynamics?

comforting

Which of the following is the highest priority and first strategy required for any organizational change?

communicate the need for change

After choosing among several computer server systems, the director of information systems feels very positive about the final choice. However, some of this optimism is due to the fact that the director forgot about a few of the limitations of the chosen system and unconsciously downplays the importance of the positive features of the rejected systems. The director of information systems is engaging in which of the following?

confirmation bias

To ____, companies can rotate staff to different departments and maintain a strong organizational culture.

decrease differentiation

In which strategy does the acquiring company impose its culture and business practices on the acquired organization?

deculturation

Han's manager has accused him of stealing from the office. Han immediately and passionately argues that this is untrue. The drive to ____ explains Han's response.

defend

The number or percentage of connections you have in a network is called

degree centrality

Motivation identifies three forces which affect voluntary work behavior. What are these three forces?

direction, intensity, persistence

Amber loves to solve puzzles. At first glance, a new project that Amber just received reminds her of a puzzle. Excited to get started, she researches the problem and lays out the information in the order that Amber believes will lead to a solution. Her boss, Joanie approached and asked Amber what she was doing. Amber explained her approach, and Joanie told her step-by-step the way the project should be completed without even considering Amber's skills and experience. What is Joanie's leadership style?

directive

According to path-goal theory, a combination of ___________ leadership is best for employees who are (or perceive themselves to be) inexperienced and unskilled.

directive and supportive

People with an external locus of control tend to be more satisfied with ___________ leadership styles.

directive and supportive

Rituals are

programmed routines of daily organizational life that dramatize the organization's culture.

To get your message across to the other person, you first need to ____ the receiver, such as being sensitive to words that may be ambiguous or trigger the wrong emotional response.

empathize with

Justin is a manager at InnoApp Inc., a web-based applications company. In an attempt to promote new ideas, Justin decides to allow his engineering team to devote 15 percent of their work time to whatever projects they would like to work on and reduces their assigned workload. He then institutes a 30-minute period each morning where the team members are asked to look over their current project list for the day and develop more knowledge about a task before they move on to work on their assigned tasks. Justin is attempting to promote

employee creativity

Corporate Business Inc. wants to introduce a new procedure for processing customer requests. They need full employee commitment for this effort to be successful. Which strategy would you recommend Corporate Business Inc. use in this situation?

employee involvement

Employees are more likely to comply with a supervisor's legitimate power when the

employees have high power distance.

Transformational leaders

energize and direct employees to a new vision and corresponding behaviors.

The values that corporate leaders hope will eventually become the organization's culture are ____, however the organization's culture is defined by its ____.

espoused values; enacted values

availability heuristic

estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common

Which of these is the final step in the rational choice decision-making process?

evaluating decision outcomes

Implicit leadership theory states that

everyone has preconceived beliefs about leaders.

Which of the following sources of power originates from the power holder's own characteristics?

expert power

Jody is working hard on a team project. His motivation is to not anger his teammates by slacking off. Jody is exhibiting ____ motivation.

extrinsic

NewTel is a telephone company with a policy of filling positions internally through promotions, rather than hiring from outside. Until recently, the company had a strong engineering focus and tended to promote people to senior executive positions from the engineering areas. Consequently, almost all of the company's 14 senior executives joined the company over 20 years ago as junior engineers. There is increasing pressure on NewTel to become more market and service oriented. As a result, four people were hired last year from firms to fill new senior executive positions in marketing and service departments. The external hires were necessary because current employees were not sufficiently qualified. Now, there are signs of tension among senior executives, particularly during budget deliberations where there is limited discretionary spending on new corporate activities. The four new hires have been thwarted in their attempts to have the company invest more in marketing and customer services instead of investing in technological research, and they blame the senior executives for being hard-headed. The conflict episodes are being viewed by both sides as personal attacks rather than attempts to resolve the problem. The four new hires have been attempting to have the company invest more in marketing and customer service instead of investing in technological research. The senior executives push back by insisting that cutting-edge technology speaks for itself, and nothing else matters. This is mainly an example of conflict due to which of the following?

goal incompatibility

People ____, which is one reason to belong to social networks.

have a drive to bond

Department and shift teams in many hospitals have brief stand-up daily huddles during which team members share information and expectations about the day's work. This is an example of

high media richness

Arbitration has a ____ level of control over the final outcome and a ____ level of control over the process.

high; low

In the creative process, which of the following refers to the experience of suddenly becoming aware of a unique idea?

illumination

When people are assigned jobs for which they are qualified and receive coaching to improve their self-confidence, employee motivation improves due to which of the following?

increase in E-to-P expectancies

BarkBark Inc. and Happy Toys Ltd. are considering a merger and are worried that their two organizational cultures will clash. They perform a detailed diagnosis by collecting and analyzing data about the employees of the two companies. They identify several overlapping values, which they feel can be combined into a cohesive new culture. What type of cultural merge would be best in this situation?

integration

Which strategy for merging two distinct cultures is most effective when the two companies have relatively weak cultures with overlapping values?

integration

Which type of team building aims to help team members build trust and become more cohesive?

interpersonal relations

Which type of motivation occurs when people are fulfilling their needs for competence and autonomy by engaging in the activity itself?

intrinsic

Which of the following is TRUE regarding action research?

it is a highly participative change process

Which of the following is TRUE about calculus-based trust?

it offers the lowest potential trust in organizations

In the context of communication barrier, ____ refers to specialized words and phrases for specific occupations or groups that are used in communication.

jargon

representativeness heuristic

judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information

You have made an important presentation to several Japanese executives regarding a proposed partnership between your American company and their Japanese firm. The Japanese executives were silent during the presentation. Most people in the United States would view this silence as

lack of communication

Servant leadership emphasizes the notion that

leaders serve followers, rather than vice versa.

Which of the following change management strategies should be given priority when employees need to break old routines and adopt new role patterns?

learning

In the context of information overload, __________ refers to the act of overlooking messages in a communication.

omitting

anchor and adjust heuristic

our first estimate serves as the anchor when we make a decision and we adjust up or down from there

prospect theory

people choose to take on risk when evaluating potential losses and avoid risks when evaluating potential gains

In the communication process, filtering occurs when

people communicate mainly positive information and screen out negative information.

Ceremonies are

planned activities such as publicly rewarding employees at a meeting.

NewTel is a telephone company with a policy of filling positions internally through promotions, rather than hiring from outside. Until recently, the company had a strong engineering focus and tended to promote people to senior executive positions from the engineering areas. Consequently, almost all of the company's 14 senior executives joined the company over 20 years ago as junior engineers. There is increasing pressure on NewTel to become more market and service oriented. As a result, four people were hired last year from firms to fill new senior executive positions in marketing and service departments. The external hires were necessary because current employees were not sufficiently qualified. Now, there are signs of tension among senior executives, particularly during budget deliberations where there is limited discretionary spending on new corporate activities. The four new hires have been thwarted in their attempts to have the company invest more in marketing and customer services instead of investing in technological research, and they blame the senior executives for being hard-headed. The conflict episodes are being viewed by both sides as personal attacks rather than attempts to resolve the problem. The marketing executives and the other executives operate independently. However, they share the resources and money in the organization. This kind of interdependence is referred to as

pooled interdependence.

Power is the ___________ to change someone's behavior.

potential

Which of the following is characteristic of the organizational culture dimension of attention to detail?

precision

Leadership prototypes refer to

preconceived beliefs about the features and behaviors of effective leaders.

Managers at Acme Ltd. are preparing for their twice-yearly budget meeting. Which decision making process will they most likely use?

programmed

Shantal recently went to a communication workshop to improve her workplace performance. She learned that, in effective communication, she should resist forming an opinion until the speaker has finished, then attempt to empathize with the listener, and, finally, respond effectively to the speaker. She learned techniques regarding maintaining eye contact and sending back channel signals to show interest. The techniques she learned with regard to showing interest will help her improve which active listening skill?

responding

Situations with both _ produce the highest risk of conflict.

scarce resources and high task interdependence

Rhonda hired Stan, which turned out to be a bad decision. Stan is lazy and underperforms, but Rhonda does not fire him. Because of ____, Rhonda speaks positively of Stan to others to avoid being embarrassed by her hiring decision.

self-justification

Charlotte noticed that several of her team members were checking email and looking at Facebook during their meeting, letting a couple people do all the work. Which type of process loss is this?

social loafing

Which contingency of power refers to the availability of alternatives?

substitutability

Which of the following leadership styles in path-goal theory is the same as people-oriented leadership?

supportive

Which of the following leadership styles should be used by leaders when team cohesiveness is low?

supportive

Companies use ____ in an attempt to speed up or improve team development processes.

team building

In the expectancy theory, valence refers to which of the following?

the anticipated satisfaction or dissatisfaction that an individual feels toward an outcome

People with high Machiavellian values tend to

use power to manipulate others toward their own personal goals.

A new employee in the finance department of the Hogan Company prominently displays diplomas and past awards indicating his financial expertise. What contingency of power is this person trying to increase?

visibility

When is social loafing more likely to occur?

when the task is boring and not interesting

As a manager of XYZ Company, you are assigned to resolve a conflict between two departments of your organization, Department A and Department B. Both parties have equal power. Both parties are under time pressure to resolve the conflict. You also realize that the parties lack trust/openness for problem solving. If instead of equal power, Department A had considerably more power than Department B, what would Department B's best conflict resolution style be?

yielding

Whenever a team in Ads Today, an advertising firm, wins a new contract, the successful team rings a loud bell and breaks out a bottle of champagne. What would this practice be considered?

a ritual

In the negotiation process, a key objective of ____ is to establish and maintain trust.

building the relationship

Which of the following is an example of ingratiation?

flattering a boss

Ingratiation is part of a larger influence tactic known as

impression management

Which of the following is an artifact?

language

Initial offer points, target points, and resistance points represent three elements in

the bargaining zone model.

____ leadership refers to how well leaders are aware of, feel comfortable with, and act consistently with their self-concepts.

Authentic

Buy More Books is a discount bookstore chain that recently acquired Premiere Books, a smaller chain that offers extra services, such as special orders on books and music, and has a coffee area where customers can have a drink and look through books. In terms of the two organizational cultures, these two companies are likely to have a difficult time merging. What can organizational leaders do to minimize potential cultural collisions?

Conduct a bicultural audit

What is one of the first steps to minimize a cultural clash in a merger

Conduct a bicultural audit

Which of the following statements about emotional intelligence and leadership is TRUE?

Emotional intelligence is one of the desired competencies of effective leaders.

Which of the following is a characteristic of an adaptive corporate culture?

Employees continuously question past practices.

What is one of the benefits of conflict?

It encourages employees to reexamine their basic assumptions about a problem and its possible solutions.

Which of the following is an advantage of having a moderate level of organizational conflict?

It energizes people to evaluate alternatives in decision making.

The Toy Barn acquired The Game Stop. The Game Stop has a dysfunctional culture, while The Toy Barn has a strong and effective culture. The owners of The Toy Barn took an organizational behavior class and learned that an assimilation strategy can be used in this type of merger. Why is that strategy NOT likely to work?

It is likely The Game Stops employees will resist the new values they will need to adopt.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the integration strategy?

It is usually slow and potentially risky due to many forces preserving the existing culture.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about using the separation strategy?

It works best when two merging companies operate in unrelated industries.

Which of the following is consistent with the attraction-selection-attrition (ASA) theory?

Job applicants avoid employment in companies whose values seem incompatible with their own values.

Employees at Charlotte International have been frustrated with the management on just about everything. The conflict episodes are being viewed by both sides as personal attacks rather than attempts to resolve problems. Both sides have decided to seek third-party dispute resolution. The management prefers a third-party intervention that has high process and decision control while employees prefer a high level of process control and low decision control. The employees at Charlotte International prefer which of the following third-party interventions?

Mediation

Which of the following is TRUE about mental models?

Mental models can blind employees to new opportunities and unique problems.

The chief executive of Telecommco, a large telecommunications company, wants to restructure the organization so that product leaders would have more power than the executives in charge of each region. The regional executives try to prevent this restructuring because it would weaken their power and possibly reduce their salaries in the long term. The product leaders also put up some resistance because they feel that things work just fine the way they are. This action by the regional executives is primarily an example of resistance due to which of the following?

Negative valence of change

When leaders apply high levels of ____ behavior, their employees tend to have more positive attitudes as well as lower absenteeism, grievances, and turnover.

People-oriented

Bob owns a small business with 12 employees. He is anticipating a large contract in the near future, which he hopes will triple his profit and double the number of employees he will hire. Bob has always been a very likable man and a dependable, hard-working person. Although he is worried about his ability to take on twice as many employees and continue on a successful path, he views himself as both transformational and managerial and is confident he and his business will prosper. From the information provided, which of the following best encompasses Bob's strongest leadership competency according to the competency perspective?

Self Concept

What does the "optimal conflict" perspective on organizational conflict state?

Some level of conflict is necessary and promotes organizational effectiveness.

____ goals are goals that the conflicting employees or departments value and whose attainment requires the joint resources and effort of those parties.

Superordinate

Jonas' job is to attach screens onto tablet computers. He has done this routine for five years. His manager Lacy has noticed recently that Jonas appears bored and disinterested in his work. This is causing more of his work to have defects. However, Jonas is a valued employee. Which leadership style would you recommend Lacy adopt in this situation?

Supportive

The themes shared most consistently and widely by employees represent

The organization's dominant culture

Which of the following is TRUE about organizational culture?

The strength of an organization's culture refers to how widely and deeply employees hold the company's dominant values and assumptions.

Your team is allocated a project involving a major client, the Beswick Company. Although the organization has many clients, this client, and project, is the largest source of revenue and affects the work of several other teams in the organization. The project requires continuous involvement with the client, so any problems with the client are immediately felt by others in the organization. Jamie, a member of your team, is the only person in the company with whom this client is willing to deal. Jamie has which of the following?

a low degree of substitute ability

One of the functions of ___________ is that it is a spawning ground for emerging values that keep the firm aligned with the needs of customers, suppliers, society, and other stakeholders.

a subculture

Initial offer points, target points, and resistance points represent three elements in the ____ model.

bargaining zone model

When resource allocation decisions are ____, organizational politics are more likely to occur.

based on complex and ambiguous rules

When people have leadership prototypes, they will most likely do which of the following?

believe that leaders are effective only if they behave consistently with their own preconceptions of how an effective leader should act

Your centrality in a social network is determined by your

betweenness, closeness, and degree centrality

In the negotiation process, a key objective of ___________ is to establish and maintain trust.

building the relationship

Bill started with the company in the accounting department as a staff accountant nearly two years ago. Yesterday, after several moves within the organization, he was named vice president of accounting. Other employees, even those who had been with the company for years, said there was just something about Bill that made you like and trust him. He worked well with everyone, never threw others under the bus to further his own career and is described by coworkers and management as an all-around great guy. Bill's interpersonal attraction, known as ____, is associated with ____ power.

charisma; referent

When a member of a network has shorter, more direct, and efficient paths or connections with others in the network, we say that the member has high

closeness

At DoubleTalk Inc., Jeremy, a supervisor, pushes his employees' performance by constantly checking their work and threatening them if they fail to keep their deadlines. After months of mistreatment, the employees get together and sign a letter to the human resources department to express their grievances. What form of influence are the employees using?

coalition formation

You are assigned to resolve a conflict between two departments of an organization. Both parties have equal power. Both parties are under time pressure to resolve the conflict. You also realize that the parties lack trust/openness for problem solving. You are actively searching for a middle ground between the interests of the two parties. Which of the following conflict resolution styles would you use in this situation?

compromising

Organizational stories are most effective at communicating organizational culture only when they

describe real people and are assumed to be true

Employees in engineering and marketing divisions often disagree with each other about how to achieve targets mainly because they have unique backgrounds, experiences, and training. Which form of structural conflict is this?

differentiation

Which of the following leadership styles in path-goal theory is the same as task-oriented leadership?

directive

When a negotiator adopts a win-lose orientation in which one party necessarily loses when the other party gains, they are using the ____ approach to negotiations.

distributive

Which of the following characteristics addresses the leader's moderately high need for achievement?

drive

To create a more ____ organization, leaders need to work on the enacted culture that steers employee behavior.

ethical

The school district and teachers' union are negotiating a new contract. Both sides have made a few small concessions but on the night before school was to start, the teachers' union offered the school district a final offer that would end at midnight when a strike would officially start. The teachers' union agreed to decrease its salary demand by one percent but health insurance and job security demands were non-negotiable. The school district knew that parents were supporting the teachers and a strike would disrupt the community. With two hours until midnight, this time pressure on the part of the school is known as a(n)

exploding offer

Which of the following networking styles increases a person's expert power?

gaining valuable information from other members through networking

In the negotiation process, a key objective of ___________ is to discover in the other party and communicate your own relative importance of each issue being negotiated.

gathering information

Research indicates that you will more often ____ as the number of brokering relationships you have increases.

get early promotions and higher pay

The concept of leadership prototypes is an important component of which leadership theory?

implicit leadership theory

Third-party dispute resolution activities are classified in terms of their

inquisition

Which of the following types of third-party intervention approaches do managers and those in other positions of authority usually adopt?

inquisition

Which of the following third-party conflict resolution strategies is characterized by high decision control and high process control?

insquition

Organizational socialization is best described as a process of ___________ where newcomers try to make sense of and adapt to the company's environment.

learning and adjustment

The main purpose of a bicultural audit is to

minimize cultural clashes in corporate mergers.

Effective managers should

minimize the relationship conflicts that exist in the organization.

Which of the following refers to the strategy in which employees deliberately inflate problems with changes that they did not initiate, just to prove that those ideas were not superior to their own?

not invented here syndrome

When team norms encourage ___________ , team members learn to appreciate honest dialogue without personally reacting to any emotional display during the disagreements.

openness

The ___ is represented by the values and shared assumptions most consistently and widely shared by employees.

organization's dominant culture

Which of the following is correct regarding organizational culture and ethics?

organizational culture can cause unethical behavior

According to leadership substitutes theory, which of the following could potentially substitute for task-oriented leadership?

performance based rewards

During which of the following stages of socialization do people first learn about the organization and job?

preemployment

Which of the following interpersonal conflict management styles represents a purely win‒win orientation?

problem solving

Situations with both ___________ produce the highest risk of conflict.

scarce resources and high task interdependence

Which of the following would be more likely to cause people to engage in organizational politics?

scarce resources in the workplace

In negotiations, better outcomes are usually achieved when negotiators

set high target points that are specific

unconscious, taken-for-granted perceptions or ideal prototypes of behavior that are considered the correct way to think and act toward problems and opportunities.

shared assumptions

Which of the following is the most common form of influence in high power distance cultures?

silent authority

By serving as __, a strong organizational culture fulfills the employees need for social identity.

social glue

What are the two types of organizational conflict?

task conflict and relationship conflict

The customer-service department at Park-E Bank complains it is unable to keep track of its new business clients as the department handling data compilation has failed to enable a free exchange of information between the two departments. This has hindered the customer-service department to follow up on its customers' queries and update their relationship status with the bank. This has also impacted the department's sales target. This scenario exemplifies conflict due to

task interdependence

The customer-service department at Park-E Bank complains it is unable to keep track of its new business clients as the department handling data compilation has failed to enable a free exchange of information between the two departments. This has hindered the customer-service department to follow up on its customers' queries and update their relationship status with the bank. This has also impacted the department's sales target. This scenario exemplifies conflict due to which of the following?

task interdependence

Several managers were having a budget meeting. At first, they were all focused on the issues, though there was mild disagreement. Tensions increased as the participants wanted more of the fixed pool of monies than was available. The discussion then moved away from the budget to personal insults and sniping. The first part of this meeting illustrates ____ conflict, which later turned into ____ conflict.

task; relationship

In organizational settings, how is power defined?

the capacity to influence others

The bargaining zone model states that

the negotiation process moves each party along a continuum in opposite directions with an area of potential overlap.

A coworker performs a large favor for you. Based on ____, you will now feel obligated to do a favor for them.

the norm of reciprocity

Lewin's force field model emphasizes that effective change occurs by ____ the current situation, moving to a desired condition, and then ____ the system so it remains in the desired state.

unfreezing; refreezing

A deculturation strategy of merging two corporate cultures should be applied in which of the following situations?

when the acquired firm's culture doesn't work