Org Behavior Final Exam (Comprehensive)

Values

are more stable evaluative beliefs that guide our preferences for outcomes or courses of action in a variety of situations.

Organizational politics typically involves:

attempts to influence others to promote personal objectives

What effect does noise have in the communication model?

it distorts and obscures the sender's intended message

Servant leadership emphasizes the notion that:

leaders serve followers, rather than vice versa.

Sources of Power

legitimate, reward, coercive, expert, referent

In organizational settings, power is defined as:

the capacity to influence others

emotional dissonance

the conflict between required and true emotions

Team cohesion

the degree of attraction people feel toward the team and their motivation to remain members

Social loafing

the phenomenon where people tend to exert less effort when working in groups than when working alone

Groupthink

the tendency of highly cohesive groups to value consensus at the price of decision quality

What are the reasons that people resist change?

- Direct costs - Saving Face (embarrassment) - Fear of the Unknown - Breaking Routines

Organizational culture serves what purpose in organizations?

- a form of social control - bonds employees together and makes them feel a part of the organizational experience - Helps employees to understand organizational events

All of these factors directly influence an employee's voluntary behavior and performance

- motivation - role perception - situational factors - ability

Features of a team

- two or more people - perceive themselves as a social entity - exist to fulfill some purpose

What do people usually learn through the process of organizational socialization?

- Company's history - Performance expectations - Knowing who holds power in the work unit and organization - Technical jargon as well as language reflecting the organization's cultural values

What are the conceptual anchor in organizational behavior?

- Contingency - Systematic research - Multidisciplinary - Multiple levels of analysis

exam 1

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test 1

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Effective Leaders:

-Influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute towards the success. -Use power and persuasion to ensure that followers have the motivation and role clarity to achieve specified goals - Arrange the work environment so that employees can achieve corporate objectives more easily

steps of self-fulfilling prophecy

1. Supervisor forms expectations about employee 2. Supervisor's expectations affect his/her behavior toward the employee 3. Supervisor's behavior affects the employee's ability and motivation (self-confidence) 4. Employee's behavior becomes consistent with the supervisor's expectations

The creative process includes, in order, the following stages:

1. preparation 2. incubation 3. illumination 4. verification

Task identity

A job in which employees are able to complete something from beginning to end or there is a visible outcome of the work

Mediation

A third-party conflict resolution strategy that manages the process and context of interaction between the disputing parties but does not impose a solution on the parties

Discovery, dreaming, designing and delivering are the four stages of:

Appreciative Inquiry

Organizational culture is best describes as the basic pattern of shared:

Assumptions, beliefs and values that subconsciously guide employees thoughts and actions

Which of the following strategies for minimizing resistance to change should only occur when all other strategies are ineffective?

Coercion

The highest priority and first strategy required for any organizational change is to:

Communicate the need for change and keep employees informed about what they can expect from the change effort

Two main forms of conflict

Constructive (task) and relationship

The concept of bounded rationality holds that:

Decision makers process limited and imperfect information when making decisions

Which leadership style in path-goal theory is the same as task oriented leadership from managerial perspective of leadership?

Directive

Stress

an adaptive response to a situation that is perceived as challenging or threatening to the person's well-being

social awareness, self-management, and relationship management are three elements of:

Emotional intelligence

Which model of organization change explicitly refers to unfreezing the current situation and refreezing the desired state?

Force Field Analysis

The main purpose of a bicultural audit is to:

Identify and diagnose differences in the corporate cultures of merging organizations.

What change management strategy should be a priority when employees need to break old routines and adopt new role patterns?

Learning

Matrix structure

Most employees at Quokka systems are organized into project teams. Employees report to the project leader, but they also report to a leader responsible for their functional specialization (such as engineering or marketing). Quokka Systems likely has a:

Kumar is unhappy about his work and his supervisor, so he has started to pay less attention to the quality of his work. He also arrives late for work and generally puts less effort into his work. This information suggests that Kumar's main reaction to job dissatisfaction is:

Neglect

According to the multiple levels of analysis anchor:

OB topics typically relate to the individual, team and organizational levels of analysis.

Which of these statements about the strength of organizational culture and organizational performance is true?

Organizations with stronger cultures tend to perform better than those with weak cultures when the culture content fits the external environment

Maslow's Needs Hierarchy Model

Physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization

Which of the following interpersonal conflict handling styles represents a purely win-win orientation?

Problem solving

Ethics

Represents values that determine whether actions are right or wrong and outcomes are good or bad

Which of these is not an element of transformational leadership?

Substitute the vision

The managerial perspective of leadership identifies which two clusters of leadership behaviors?

Task oriented and people oriented

blind

The area in the Johari window that refers to information that is known to others but not to you

Which theory highlights the following concepts: acquire, bond, learn, and defend?

The four-drive theory

Change Agents

The individuals who coordinate and facilitate an organization's change efforts

Artifacts

The observable symbols and signs of an organization's values, beliefs and assumptions are called:

Conflict

The process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party

Stereotyping

The process of assigning traits to people based on their membership in a social category

Norming

The stage of team development where a consensus forms around the team's objectives

Satisficing

The tendency to search for alternatives only until one is found that meets some minimum standard of sufficiency

Which of these communication channels has the highest media richness?

Video conference

A new employee in the finance department prominently displays diplomas and past awards indicating his financial expertise. What contingency of power is this person trying to increase?

Visibility

Referent power

When people identify with them, like them, or otherwise respect them

Functional structure

a form of departmentalization that organizes employees around specific skills, such as marketing, finance, and operations

Job satisfaction

a person's evaluation of his or her job and work context

Divisional geographic structure

a structure that organizes employees around distinct regions of the country

Anger, fear, joy, and sadness represent:

different types of emotions

Jargon

consists of technical language and acronyms as well as recognized words with specialized meaning in specific organizations or social groups.

Virtual teams

groups of employees that operate across space, time, and organizational boundaries

In the field of organizational behavior, organizations are best described as:

groups of people who work interdependently towards some purpose

Organizational behavior knowledge:

helps us to understand, predict, and influence the behaviors of others in organizational settings

Organic

in a ______ organization, there are only a few levels of authority and responsibility

Sources of Conflict

incompatible goals, differentiation, interdependence, scarce resources, ambiguous rules, poor communication

Effective communication occurs when:

information is transmitted and understood between two or more people

Decision making

is a conscious process of making choices among one or more alternatives with the intention of moving toward some desired state of affairs

Collectivism

is the extent to which we value our duty to groups to which we belong and group harmony

Organizational Behavior

is the study of what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations

Centralization

means that formal decision making authority is held by a small group of people, typically those at the top of the organizational hierarchy

Big Five Personality Traits

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

Open systems

organizational behavior perspective discusses inputs, outputs, and feedback

self-efficacy

refers to a person's belief that he or she can successfully complete a task

Globalization

refers to economic, social, and cultural connectivity with people in other parts of the world

Span of control

refers to the number of people directly reporting to the next level in the hierarchy

Perception

refers to the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us

Three main components of active listening, in order, are:

sensing, evaluating, and responding