Organizational Behavior
Task uncertainty can be impacted by the decision
all of the following are features of group discussion that contribute to group polarization except
Telecommuting
allowing employees to spend part of their time working offsite, usually at home
OB modification attempts to use
positive reinforcement to encourage desired behaviors
Upward communication usually provides feedback to
top managers
According to equity theory, people
want to be treated fairly
Coaches and facilitators
what is the new role of managers in a team?
Machivellianism
A behavior directed at gaining power and controlling the behavior of others.
may center on risk propensity
ALl of the following are turn about ethical dilemmas for managers except
authoritation
If you accept orders from your supervisor solely because he or she is "the boss" you are highly
Organizing Citizenship
Individual behavior that makes a positive overall contribution to an organization.
apply to the total organization
The prescriptions that managers can use to reduce the probability of groupthink in group decision making include all of the following except
have complete information
The rational decision- making approach assumes decision makers
Conscious goals and intentions
The research of Edwin Lock assumes that behavior is a result of
noise
The rumor grapevine can be characterized as which of the following?
two or more
The size or number of people that constitute a group is
Managers receive a much wider range of feedback information than if they had conducted the appraisal on their own
Which of the following reasons explains why 360- degree feedback is very beneficial to managers?
Cultures and national boundaries always coincide
Which of the following statements regarding cross- culture differences and similarities is not true?
Communication and decision making
Which stage of group development are goals established?
insight
While driving home from a hard day at work, Susan finally realized the solution to the problem she had been having with a certain customer. Susan reached which stage of the creative process?
Teams give them freedom to grow and manage themselves
Why do younger workers seem to benefit from team environments?
fixed interval
a $10 bonus for every fifth sale would be an example of which schedule of reinforcement?
Positive affectivity
a dispositional tendency to experience pleasant, engaging moods such as enthusiasm, excitement, and elation
Communication is defined as
a social process that involves information exchange
Flextime is a work schedule arrangement that
gives employees more personal control over the hours they work each day
start-up
in the ______ phase of team implementation, enthusiasm runs high and the anticipation of employees is quite positive.
The goal of the Michigan leadership studies was to determine the patterns of leadership behaviors that results in effective
individual performance leader performance- wrong group performance supervisor behavior none of the above
Influence
is the ability to affect the perceptions, beliefs, attitudes, motivation, and/or behavior of others
The face-to-face medium generally has more carrying capacity than the written letter because
it allows the transmission of more than just words.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Vroom-Yetton-Jago model?
it assumes a high level of participation in decision making is best for all situations
All of the following are true about the social process of communication except
it requires face-to-face interaction.
The path-goal theory and the Vroom-Yetton-Jago model are illustrative of the perspective in which
leadership effectiveness depends on characteristics of situations.
Globalization
the most significant source of change impacting many organizations today is increasing
Diversity Theory
the role of participation and empowerment in motivation can be expressed in terms of all of the following theoretical perspectives except: need for achievement expectancy theory need-based perspective of motivation diversity theory self-esteem
Open-mindedness
the state of being receptive to other ways of looking at things
All of the following are true about stereotypes except
they lead to an appreciation of individual differences.
Masculine
According to Hofstede, when ambition and assertiveness are believed to provide motivation and power, the culture would be called
Delegate consult (group) consult (individually) facilitate decide- wrong
According to Vroom, a manager who presents the program to group members individually, obtain their suggestions, and then makes the decision using a
existence, relatedness, growth
Alderfer's ERG theory
Interest
The audience at an Oprah Winfrey talk show is an example of an
Job Expectancy
All of the following are examples of job design techniques except job enlargement job enrichment job rotation job specialization job expectancy
cognitive dissonance
Inner tension that a consumer experiences after recognizing an inconsistency between behavior and values or opinions
Avoidence
Sara tries to always be on time for work because she once saw her boss fire someone who came in late. Sara is exhibiting learning through
People with a high need for affiliation tend to
act and think as they believe others want them to
Task Groups
are formal and relatively temporary
Position power can be strong when
the leader can assign work and recommend promotions
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, the two types of situational factors that influence how leaders should behave are
directive
What is the most expressive component of the face?
eyes
The clarity and precision of a goal
goal specificity
Consequences
in its simplest form, reinforcement theory suggests that behavior is a function of
Costs
more and more firms are moving into International markets to control
behavioral
The Ohio State studies and the Leadership Grid are associated with the __________ approach to leadership.
Group composition is
*the sum of the activities of individuals *a set of expected behaviors associated with a position *usually described in terms of homogeneity or heterogeneity of group members *two or more people interacting with and influencing each other. *expected behavior or behavioral patterns- wrong
Stereotyping
Categorizing or labelling people on the basis of a single attribute is called
openness
reflects a person's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests.
Filtering may be more likely to occur in which of the following forms of communication?
compensation packages
For expatriate employees, packages that can incorporate many types of payments or reimbursements and must take into consideration exchange rates and inflation
Satisfaction ranged from satisfaction to dissatistaction
Herzberg dual-structure theory was a response to the prevailing thinking that job
Which of the following is third step in OB modification?
Identify the existing behavioral contingencies or consequences of performance.
Which of the following is NOT a distinction between management and leadership?
Management is more important in regards to creating and directing change
job rotation
One of the earliest alternatives to job specialization used by managers was
Once a year
Organizations typically conduct performance appraisals
Lower
Programmed decisions are most common at what level of the organization
One conclusion of the University of Michigan studies was that a leader who attempts to build effective work groups with high performance goals is exhibiting
Task-oriented leader behavior consideration behavior initiating- structure behavior employee- centered leader behavior job-centered leader behavior- wrong
What is the best reason to create teams in an organization?
Teams make sense for that organization
higher pay for working under special conditions
Telecommuting involves all of the following except
In most organizations, what is the purpose of the reward system?
To attract, retain and motivate qualified employees
high; highly
WHen cohesiveness is ___________ and norms are ________ caparible with organizational goals, productivity is the highest.
Teams have fewer and broader job categories than groups
What is the difference between work groups and teams with regard to job categories?
a decision rule
When a customer voices a complaint about food taste and temperature, some restaurants provide a complimentary meal. This represents
Interest; friendship
Which of the following are types of informal groups?
Participative pay system
Which of the following best describes a reward system that involves employees in its design and administration
Forming natural work units
Which of the following is not a guideline that managers can use to implement the job characteristics theory? Combining existing tasks into more complex ones opening feedback channels Establishing direct relationships with clients raising pay levels to march the competition forming natural work units
Marital Status
Which of the following is not an example of a primary dimension of diversity?
Eye contact is a form of
nonverbal communication
Curb desires that might interfere with organizational goals
people with a high need for power can be successful managers if they
Teams differ from groups in that teams
place more emphasis on concerted action than groups do.
During the___ _ phase of team implementation, managers should provide encouragement, monitor performance and sometimes protect teams from those who want to see the team fail
reality and unreset
The real increases in organizational productivity due to information technology come from
the ability to communicate in new and different ways.
includes workers who accept the idea of using teams
the best initial site for implementing teams is one that
Group effectiveness, as a result of the communication network, can be influenced by each of the following EXCEPT
the degree of verbal versus nonverbal communication
task significance
the degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people
According to Maslow, if a previously satisfied lower- level needs to become deficient,
the individual returns to the lowest level that is now deficient.
International communication is closely related to issues of coordination. One key coordination factor is
time differences across the two countries.
Implementation of self-managing work teams is a long and difficult process, often taking ____ to ____ years.
two; five
Age
which of the following is an example of a primary dimension of diversity?
Gender
which of the following is not a secondary dimension of diversity?