Organizational Behavior Ch 1-7

When Martin has a perceived conflict with a coworker, he will send them emails that are taunting or insulting. This is an example of

CWB

You talk with Alonzo about the company's policy and remind him that although you understand the immediate pressure he feels to comply with Christine's requests, you think he should also consider the long-term ramifications such as the loss of his job or the bank's reputation.

Consider and explain long-term consequences

Which of the following statements is true?

Employees' level of flourishing is related to organizational outcomes such as productivity and financial performance.

T or F: according to the contingency approach there is always a single way to manage people, teams , or organizations

False

_______ is defined as the state of being completely involved in an activity for its own sake.

Flow

Is operations a soft skill or hard skill?

Hard skill

Desires: Satisfaction is determined by the extent to which the characteristics of the job allow an individual to meet his or her desires and requirements.

Need fulfillment

Do interpersonal skills involve teamwork?

No. Interpersonal skills involve active listening, respectful interactions, effective communications, and positive attitudes

You research similar incidents and then present data to Christine to help her to see how this action could potentially have financial and legal impacts on Christine, her subordinates, and the bank.

Recognize that it's business and treat it that way

T or F: Intrinsic rewards are psychic and self-granted.

True

Different motivators are needed for employees working at small firms. These include all of the following except

a "one style fits all" approach

Noel says, "I can type 70 words per minute with no errors." He is expressing

a high self-efficacy

You remind yourself that, although you were not the one asked to provide the signature, it is still your responsibility to take action against potentially unethical behaviors in your workplace.

accept that confronting ethical concerns is part of your job

Which of the following is not an example of a hygiene factor in Herzberg's motivator-hygiene model?

advancement

gossiping about a new manager's salary

an example of counterproductive work behavior

People with __________ often see the causes of events in their lives as due to luck or other environmental factors.

an external locus of control

What form of diversity management is an organization adopting when it assumes that all diverse people will learn to fit in or become like the dominant group?

assimilation

If an employee feels negatively toward her job after a sexual harassment incident, this is an example of which of the following concepts?

attitude

________ is the extent to which a job enables an individual to experience freedom, independence, and discretion.

autonomy

Damarra recently visited the Mayan temple at Chitzen Itza in the Yucatan. She was humbled by its feeling of age and history, particularly because she is of Mayan descent. ________ is the emotion she is likely feeling.

awe

Personal attitudes affect ________ via ________.

behavior, intentions

You are unlikely to say anything to someone smoking on your smoke-free campus if you have no intention of confronting the smoker. Your intention reflects the __________ component of your attitude toward people smoking on campus.

behavioral

You ask Alonzo to consider whether he would still be comfortable breaking company policy by signing Christine's name if he knew that his actions were going to be publicized on the local news

challenge the rationale

Decision makers at Herman Miller likely experienced ______ when debating whether to use PVC to save money or to use a more environmentally sustainable alternative.

cognitive dissonance

_______ is the shared belief that drives people to help others who are suffering.

compassion

Harold Kelley hypothesized that people make causal attributions by observing

consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency

Rosario and Pamela work together. They are also friends outside of work. Rosario and Pamela are constantly texting each other. Their supervisor comments that, while this might be fine outside of work, it's inappropriate to constantly text each other in the office. This is an example of

context of interaction

consultants use a _________ approach when considering solutions to a problem

contingency

_______ are the statistical measurements of populations and their qualities (such as age, race, gender, or income) over time.

demographics

Factors that DECREASE employee engagement

depleting organizational climate, negative relationships with management, abundant stressors

What is an example of a consultant utilizing soft skills?

discussing possible solutions with a client

Traits: Satisfaction is partly a function of stable personal traits.

disposition/genetic components

What kind of a response is a manager completing when he or she eliminates the situation in which the problem occurs?

dissolving

Which of the following factors unique to the restaurant industry makes it difficult for employees to initiate complaints about sexual harassment?

employees depend on tips

The ________ model suggests that managers should monitor employees' perceptions of fairness.

equity

Treatment: Satisfaction is a function of how fairly individuals are treated at work.

equity

Expectancy theory states that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce desired combinations of ________ outcomes.

expected

T or F: "Individual differences" is a narrow category only used to describe the "Big Five" personality attributes.

false

T or F: A learning goal involves enhancing knowledge or skill.

false

T or F: According to Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, hygiene factors are more frequently associated with the content of the task being performed.

false

T or F: An employee who values tradition and conformity over achievement will be more than happy to work on a holiday or to miss a child's soccer game.

false

T or F: Content theories of motivation focus on how internal factors and environmental characteristics influence employee motivation.

false

T or F: Diversity refers to age, gender, and religion, but does not include personality.

false

T or F: Explaining the what, where, how, and why is an example of being fit and fair when monitoring performance.

false

T or F: Feedback has only one primary purpose for those who receive it: motivation.

false

T or F: Female entrepreneurs looking for funding for their start-ups have an easier time than their male counterparts in obtaining venture capital due to gender bias on the part of investors.

false

T or F: Intelligence cannot be modified or altered

false

T or F: Intense political debate is a technique of practicing mindfulness.

false

T or F: Job enlargement is the process of modifying a job to increase the opportunities to experience achievement, recognition, stimulating work, responsibility, and advancement.

false

T or F: Organizational commitment exists to the degree that the person is satisfied with his or her job.

false

T or F: Research has shown that despite the assumption many managers make, proactivity is unrelated to work performance.

false

T or F: Self-esteem is a broad personality trait composed of self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability.

false

T or F: Step 1 of the performance management process is monitoring and evaluating performance.

false

T or F: The goal of the job characteristics model is to promote low extrinsic motivation.

false

T or F: The interactional perspective states that behavior is a function of individual, group, and organizational factors

false

T or F: Theory X employees find self-engaging activities within the company and are committed to their jobs.

false

T or F: When you are startled by an unexpected loud noise or react to the touch of a hot surface, you are demonstrating operant behavior.

false

T or F: acting unethically also means that the person is participating in illegal activity

false

A virtuous leader demonstrates all of the following except

following immoral principles

trained to diagnose and repair problems with the engines designed and manufactured by the company

hard, job specific

advanced training and certification on the company's newly developed in-house customer service platform

hard, job-specific

Ability to understand, operate, and repair tools and machines

hard, portable

ability to use various computer programs and perform internet searches efficiently

hard, portable

Lorenzo, a new lawyer at Hughes, Hernandez, and Long, is under pressure to maximize his billable hours. If he doesn't bill enough hours, he will receive negative performance reviews and is likely to lose his job. Lorenzo starts rounding up the minutes on each of his phone calls and meetings to the next 10-minute level. This is an example of

ill-conceived goals

The pressure to maximize billable hours in accounting, consulting, and law firms leads to unconscious padding

ill-conceived goals

Which group of fast-food and restaurant workers is especially likely not to raise sexual harassment complaints?

immigrants

hygiene factors

include company policy and administration, technical supervision, salary, interpersonal relations with one's supervisor, and working conditions.

The organizational dimensions of diversity include all of the following except

income

________ occurs when we hold others less accountable for unethical behavior when it's carried out through third parties.

indirect blindness

a drug company deflects attention from a price increase by selling rights to another company, which imposes the increases

indirect blindness

The person-situation distinction allows you to consider unique individual factors as well as situation factors that might be the source of the problem. If an employee leaves because his or her job has become boring and less meaningful, this reflects a(n) __________ factor

individual

Effective feedback is

information

Which of the following is the most fixed of a person's individual differences? self-esteem attitudes intelligence emotions self-efficacy

intelligence

Core self-evaluations represent a broad personality trait comprised of all of the following except

interpersonal intelligence

The potential to understand and regulate yourself is ________ intelligence.

intrapersonal

Which of the following is not an element of emotional intelligence?

intrapersonal intelligence

Self-determination theory focuses on the needs that drive ________ motivation.

intrinsic

job enlargement

involves putting more variety into a worker's job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty

Outcomes of employee engagement

job performance, customer satisfaction, productivity

behavioral outcomes

job performance, organizational citizenship, counterproductive work, turnover

Which of the following is not one of the basic dimensions of the Big Five personality dimensions?

locus of control

The final step of the three-step approach of the organizing framework is

make recommendations

Alignment: Satisfaction results when the expectations of the individual are met.

met expectations

Sam needs to study for an upcoming test in his business law course. His roommate is driving him crazy by singing and whistling. Sam heads for the library and finds a quiet room in the back so he can study more effectively. Sam is increasing his

mindfulness

baseball officials failed to notice they'd created conditions that encourages steroid use

motivated blindness

attitudinal outcomes

motivation, job involvement, withdrawal cognition, perceived stress

A person will experience ________ when his or her outcome to input ratio is less than that of a relevant comparison person.

negative inequity

What is NOT an example of OCB?

not expressing interest in the work of others

________ programs help employees to integrate, assimilate, and transition to new jobs.

onboarding

________ is the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals.

organizational commitment

In the recency perceptual error, a person

over relies on information from the last portion of the review period

A researcher whose fraudulent clinical trial saves lives is considered more ethical than one whose fraudulent trial leads to deaths

overvaluing outcomes

Marcos set himself a goal of being able to hold plank for 5 minutes by the end of 4 weeks. This is a(n) ________ goal.

performance

If someone decides to quit their job as a consultant because they feel that they do not have the skills necessary to complete the job adequately, they quit because of

person factors

Which of the following is not a factor that affects perceptions of feedback?

personal relationship with the feedback giver

Which of the following is not a primary output and function of most performance management systems?

providing punishments

Manuel works for ABC Corporation. He feels quite comfortable expressing his opinions about a wide variety of issues facing the company without fear of reprisal. This reflects ABC's

psychological safety

Skinner labeled unlearned reflexes or stimulus-response connections as ________ behavior.

respondent

Stage 1 of social perception is

selective attention/comprehension

Devon enjoys the job that he's been at since graduating from college three years ago. He has a friend who just took a similar position at another firm and the company has an opening that would fit Devon's experience. The company is offering a 20 percent wage increase, as well a leadership role after a three-month training program. When considering this offer, Devon is thinking about ________ factors.

situation

Xavier and Kevin both work as line employees at the Widget Corporation plant. They are both big fans of the San Francisco Forty-Niners and meet at game times in local sports bars to watch the game. They are probably providing ________ to each other.

social companionship

ability to use social media to communicate with stakeholders

soft, job specific

Interacting in an effective manner with the senior manager of this specific company

soft, portable

ability to work with other people in a group or team situation effectively

soft, portable

being well spoken

soft, portable

demonstrating integrity

soft, portable

With only five years left until his planned retirement, Edward was quite upset when he was removed from a project team comprised mostly of Millennials. It is quite possible that the Millennials were reacting to a __________ of older workers.

stereotype

You recommend to Christine that, instead of asking subordinates to sign her name in her absence, she might consider asking the bank owners to consider a formal policy exception that legally allows loan assistants to sign for loan managers in select circumstances if proper procedures are followed.

suggest solutions - not just complaints

job enrichment

the process of modifying a job to increase the opportunities to experience achievement, recognition, stimulating work, responsibility, and advancement

Auditors may be more likely to accept a client firm's questionable financial statements if infractions have accured over time

the slippery slope

Samantha is ambitious and has taken a position with XYZ Corporation as a management trainee. She is looking forward to going through challenging projects as she rotates through several departments of the company over the next two years. However, she also just became engaged, and wants to spend time with her fiancé. Which of the following would best describe what Samantha is seeking?

total rewards

T or F: According to the acquired needs theory, we are not born with our needs but instead learn them as we go about living our lives.

true

T or F: Assimilation and denial are options for action to address diversity issues in an organization; however, they are not among the preferred options.

true

T or F: Attitudes have three components: affective, cognitive, and behavioral.

true

T or F: Cognitive dissonance is the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions.

true

T or F: Effective managers give employees timely and task-specific feedback about what they are doing right, as well as about what they are doing wrong.

true

T or F: Efficacy is a component of a person's core self-evaluation; it influences how we perceive ourselves and how we perceive the world.

true

T or F: Ethnocentrism is based on the feeling that our cultural rules and norms are superior to or more appropriate than the rules and norms of another culture.

true

T or F: Hard skills are the technical expertise and knowledge required to do a particular task or job function, such as financial analysis, accounting, or operations.

true

T or F: In Maslow's need hierarchy, the most basic need (and the one that must be met first) is physiological

true

T or F: Intensity pertains to the amount of effort being invested in an activity.

true

T or F: Intentions are influenced by the three general motives in Ajzen's model: attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control.

true

T or F: Job crafting may involve changing task boundaries, the relational nature of a job, or cognitions about the job.

true

T or F: Job satisfaction is not a unitary concept; a person may be satisfied with one aspect of his or her job and dissatisfied with one or more other aspects.

true

T or F: Linguistic intelligence is the potential to learn and use spoken and written languages.

true

T or F: One cause of the increase in intelligence observed in developed countries is better nutrition.

true

T or F: Organizations should encourage positive deviance in the workplace.

true

T or F: People program themselves for success or failure by enacting their self-efficacy expectations.

true

T or F: People with an external locus of control generally earn lower salaries than those with an internal locus of control.

true

T or F: Perception is influenced by three key components: the characteristics of the perceiver, of the target, and of the situation.

true

T or F: Performance management is a set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.

true

T or F: Renowned psychologist, Martin Seligman, proposed that "well-being" is made up positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement (or PERMA).

true

T or F: The "organizing framework" for understanding and applying OB is based on the systems approach.

true

T or F: The self-reinforcing and perpetuating aspect of positive emotions, can lead to upward spirals of positivity.

true

T or F: The term glass ceiling identifies an invisible but absolute barrier that prevents women from advancing to higher-level positions.

true

T or F: The three effects of positive organizational behavior are amplifying, buffering, and positivity.

true

T or F: The two components of hope are willpower and waypower.

true

T or F: To practice conscious capitalism, an organization should be interdependent with stakeholders.

true

T or F: When making attributions about a worker's performance, people can assign responsibility to either internal or external factors.

true

T or F: situations and people are both dynamic- they change

true

T or F: unethical behavior erodes trust, and also negatively affects cooperation in organizations

true

Herman Miller's choice not to use PVC would be an example of a value called

universalism

You casually mention to Christine that you overheard her conversation with Alonzo and that, because you are a fairly new employee, you are confused about the bank's policy that prohibits loan assistants from signing for their loan managers and are concerned that her request could cause problems for all of you.

use your lack of seniority or status as an asset

Perception: Satisfaction results from the perception that a job allows for fulfillment of an individual's important work ideals.

value attainment

______ are abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations.

values

Schwartz's model suggests that

values may conflict with each other

A situation that results in extended conflict with company and employee values—which could have occurred at Herman Miller had the company chosen to use PVC—can lead some employees to experience ______ as a result of perceived stress.

withdrawal cognitions

Factors that INCREASE employee engagement

work variety, timely, feedback, supportive leadership