Organizational Behavior Chapter 1 35-67

A researcher is studying the relationship between age and diversity awareness and finds a negative correlation. What does that mean?

As age increases, diversity awareness decreases.

The __________ effect occurs when people improve some aspect of their behavior or performance because they know that they are being assessed.

Hawthorne

What is the range of correlations?

-1 to 1

What strategy focuses on company expansion, either organically or through acquisitions?

growth

Investing now in developing your OB skills will do all of the following EXCEPT

help you to improve your technical skills.

After World War I, attention shifted away from scientific management to understanding the role of _____________ in organizations.

human factors and psychology

What is the term for a written prediction specifying expected relationships between certain variables?

hypothesis

The _________ variable in an experiment is predicted to affect something else

independent

A researcher hypothesizes that the age of employees influences their awareness of diversity. In this example, age is the _____________ and diversity awareness is the ____________.

independent variable, dependent variable

Maximizing the efficiency of the manufacturing or product development process to minimize costs is referred to as _________.

operational excellence

What term refers to discretionary behaviors that benefit the organization but are not formally rewarded or required?

organizational citizenship

Deming's ______________ cycle of continuous improvement promoted the adoption of 14 principles to make any organization efficient and capable of solving almost any problem.

plan-do-check-act

Turnover occurs when people

quit their jobs

What letter is used to refer to a correlation?

r

Deming felt that when things go wrong, there is a 94 percent chance that the ________ rather than the __________ is the cause.

system, worker

Most service-quality experts say that _______ is the most critical element in building a customer-oriented company.

talent

​A _________ is a collection of verbal and symbolic assertions that specify how and why variables are related, and the conditions under which they should and should not relate.

theory

An organization with a product innovation competitive advantage would likely seek a core workforce of research and development employees who have which quality?

an entrepreneurial mindset

A _______________ reflects the size and strength of the statistical relationship between two variables.

correlation

Organizations pursuing a differentiation strategy often try to develop a competitive advantage based on product _____________.

innovation

__________ management is based on the belief that productivity is maximized when organizations are rationalized with precise sets of instructions based on time-and-motion studies.

Scientific

Which of the following is a hypothesis?

Setting a goal will be positively related to the number of products assembled.

Decades of research have reinforced some of what many people intuitively believe about OB and identified common misunderstandings, Which of the following questions could NOT be answered as a result of this research into OB?

Should I seek a promotion with a competing firm?

What type of relationship is indicated by a correlation of .9?

a strong, positive relationship

The _________ variable in an experiment is predicted to be affected by something else.

dependent

Which of the following is NOT a facet of human resource management?

developing incentives to use fewer employees

Organizations pursuing a specialization strategy often try to develop a competitive advantage based on customer ____________.

intimacy

Scientific management achieved which of the following?

it increased productivity

An understanding of OB can help organizations to prevent all of the following problems EXCEPT

loss of market share.

The _________ method relies on systematic studies that identify and replicate a result using a variety of methods, samples, and settings.

scientific

__________ is a statistical technique used to combine the results of many different research studies done in a variety of organizations and for a variety of jobs.

Meta-analysis

Which of the following is NOT a dysfunctional behavior?

​asking for a raise