Organizational Behavior, Chapter 16
When you begin to notice things are not as expected, you are in the _____________ stage of socialization.
Encounter
Your first day at work is a part of the ______________ stage of socialization.
Encounter
Which of the following statements is true regarding an organization's culture?
A dominant culture expresses the core values shared by a majority of the organization's members.
The key characteristic of organizational culture that addresses the degree to which people are competitive rather than easygoing is termed ________________?
Agressiveness
Which of the following statements is true regarding the establishment of the organizational culture and its effects on the organization?
Culture acts as a control mechanism and guides the behavior of employees
Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 most prevalent climate categories making up the ethical dimensions of organization culture?
Dependence
________________ socialization tries to strip away certain characteristics of the recruit.
Divestiture
The culture of Rouge Vouge Corp. values agressiveness, innovation, and risk taking. The members accept these values. What is their organizational culture and example of?
Dominant culture
During the ________________ stage, a new employee compares his or her expectations with the realities in the organization.
Encounter
Higgins has recently joined a new law firm expecting to participate in exciting environmental law cases and cutting-edge research. After one month at the firm, he still hasn't been assigned a case and spends most of his time filing standardized appeals for title disputes with insurance companies. In which stage of socialization process is Higgins?
Encounter
Which of the following steps could your supervisor take best help you to develop a commitment to your new company?
Encourage you to develop friendship ties within the organization
Alcoa headquarters has a few individual offices, even for senior executives. The space is essentially made up of cubicles, common areas, and meeting rooms. This informality conveys to employees that Alcoa values __________.
Equality
Which of the following statements is true regarding effects of national culture on organizational culture and ethical behavior within an organization?
Generally, U.S. managers see bribery, nepotism, and favoring personal contacts as highly unethical.
Based on the info in the scenario, we can say that Rouge Vouge Corp. ___________.
Has a strong culture
Danny's boss is apathetic to whether Danny works from home, at the office, or from his beach house. All he cares about is that the project is completed on time, on budget, and with exemplary quality. Which characteristic or organizational culture describes this aspect of Danny's Job?
High outcome orientation
Which of the following statements is true regarding random socialization?
In random socialization, new employees are left on their own to figure things out.
A positive organizational culture emphasizes___________________?
Individual vitality and growth
Which of the following types of socialization involves putting the new employee directly into the job, with little or no special attention?
Informal Socialization
A(n) _____________ organization is an organization that takes on a life of its own, apart from its founders or members; it is values for itself and not or the goods or services it produces.
Institutionalized
_________________ socialization assumes that the newcomers qualities and qualifications are the necessary ingredients for job success, so these qualities and qualifications are confirmed and supported.
Investiture
Which of the following statements is true regarding the functions of culture in an organization?
It conveys a sense of identity for organization members
Which of the following can act as a common denominator to unite members of a given culture or subculture?
Jargons and acronyms that are specific to the organization.
The ___________________ stage of the socialization process explicitly recognizes that each individual the organization comes across during the selection process has a set of values, attitudes, and expectations about both the work to be done and the organization.
Pre-Arrival
The information that your receive during the interviewing and hiring process is a part of the ________________ stage of employee of socialization.
Pre-Arrival
Identify the correct order of stages in the socialization process.
Prearrival, encounter, metamorphosis
Patricia is a team leader. When looking at an e-mail from one of her team members, Patricia noticed that the e-mail was sent at nine-thirty in the evening. The next day she personally went to the employee's cubicle and told him how much she appreciated him staying late to get the project to the client on time. Which aspect of creating a positive organizational culture is Patricia utilizing?
Rewarding more than punishing
Ask Socrates Inc. is a computer software company that employs highly intelligent, but somewhat unusual people. Every Friday, free lollipops, toys, or other treats are given out to encourage employees to remember how creative they were when they were children. All the new members of the organization are told about the founders who were three young people who "got lucky" and sold a video game that they invented. The employees are allowed to dress informally and can set their own working hours. The regular distribution of lollipops, toys, or treats every Friday is an example of a ___________________ that helps reinforce Ask Socrates' culture.
Ritual
Company chants are examples of ________________.
Rituals
The __________________ process helps candidates learn about the organization, and if employees perceive a conflict between their values and those of the organization, they can remove themselves from the applicant pool.
Selection
Your supervisor provides you with a mentor to help you with your work and guide you. This shows that your supervisor is using a(n) _____________ socialization technique.
Serial
When formal authority and control systems are reduced, the _____________ provided by a strong culture ensure(s) that everyone is pointed in the same direction.
Shared meaning
____________________ is a process that helps new employees adapt to the prevailing organizational culture.
Socialization
Which of the following statements is true about formal socialization?
Specific orientation and training programs are examples of formal socialization.
Ask Socrates Inc. is a computer software company that employs highly intelligent, but somewhat unusual people. Every Friday, free lollipops, toys, or other treats are given out to encourage employees to remember how creative they were when they were children. All the new members of the organization are told about the founders who were three young people who "got lucky" and sold a video game that they invented. The employees are allowed to dress informally and can set their own working hours. Which of the following is most likely to be used by Ask Socrates Inc. to inform its new employees about its founders?
Stories
Bruce is new at Wayne Corp., but after a week he already knows that the founder of the corporation started the business in his garage with only $4,000 and one client. This information was most likely transmitted to Bruce by way of ________________.
Stories
________________ typically contain narratives about the organization's founders, rule breaking, and reactions to past mistakes.
Stories
In addition to the organizational culture at the Rouge Vogue Corp., the finance department emphasizes attention to detail. In this example, attention to detail is part of the ____________________ of the organization.
Subculture
Cultures that tend to develop in large organizations to reflect common problems or experiences faced by the members in the same department or location are often called _____________?
Subcultures
T/F A dominant culture expresses the core values a majority of members share and that give the organization its distinct personality.
TRUE
T/F A positive organizational culture emphasizes building on employee strengths, rewards more than it punishes, and emphasizes individual vitality and growth.
TRUE
T/F A strong culture tends to reduce employee turnover.
TRUE
T/F A study conducted by Bain and Company found that 70% of mergers failed to increase shareholder values, and Hay Group found that more than 90% of mergers in Europe failed to reach financial goals.
TRUE
T/F Big data is an effective decision aid only when it is paired with a consistent and thoughtful culture, one that acknowledges the need for human decision making and individual judgments.
TRUE
T/F Individuals with different backgrounds or at different levels in the organization will tend to describe the organizations culture in similar terms.
TRUE
T/F Serial socialization is characterized by the use of role models who train and encourage a newcomer.
TRUE
T/F Sustainability refers to practices that can be maintained over very long periods of time because the tools or structure that support the practices is not damaged in the process.
TRUE
T/F Systematic reviews of the research literature show a generally positive relationship between sustainability and financial performance.
TRUE
T/F The more management relies on formal, collective, sequential, fixed, and serial socialization programs and emphasizes divestiture, the more likely newcomers' differences will be stripped away and replaced by standardized predictable behaviors.
TRUE
T/F To create a truly sustainable business, an organization must develop a long-term culture and put its values into practice.
TRUE
T/F Workplace spirituality recognizes that people have an inner life that nourishes and is nourished by meaningful work in the context of community.
TRUE
Pam works for a corporation that recently fired 3 top managers who were caught using the company credit cards to lavishly furnish their offices and even purchase "office" furniture that was fond in their personal homes. Which method of maintaining an ethical culture is Pam's company pursuing?
Visibly punish unethical acts
A strong culture can act as a substitute for which of the following?
formalization
The selection process helps sustain the organization's culture by ____________________.
hiring candidates who fit well within the organization
If there is a basic conflict between the individual's expectations and the reality of working in an organization, the employee is most likely to be disillusioned and quit during the _______________ stage of socialization.
Encounter
The ultimate source of an organization's culture is ___________.
its founders
Larry has an employee who is amazing at clearly seeing rules and enforcing them. He has recently promoted her to the lead position in quality assurance. Which method of creating a positive organizational culture is Larry using?
Building on employee strengths
In which of the following climates do managers operate under the expectation that their decisions will positively affect the greatest number of stakeholders?
Caring
Art-Is-Us claims to be a spiritual organization. Company employees are encouraged to show kindness toward others. Employees are treated with esteem and value and supported for their creativity and flexibility. While the organization values profits, its purpose is to spread the pleasure of art to as many people as possible. Which of the following is not one of the cultural characteristics commonly found in spiritual organizations?
Competitiveness
The primary or dominant values that are accepted throughout the organization are known as _______________.
Core Values
Agressiveness, inovation, and risk taking are called the __________ of the culture at the Rouge Vogue, Corp.
Core values
T/F Agressiveness is one of the 7 primary characteristics of organizational culture that capture the essence of an organization's culture. It indicates the degree to which employees are encouraged to be innovative and take risks.
FALSE
T/F An organizational culture that encourages its managers to engage in severe competition and discourages them from taking risks and innovating is most likely to shape high ethical standards among its members.
FALSE
T/F Apprenticeship and mentoring programs are examples of random socialization.
FALSE
T/F Attention to detail is a primary characteristic of an organization's culture that indicates the degree to which management focuses on results or outcomes rather than on the techniques and processes used to achieve them.
FALSE
T/F During the metamorphosis stage of the socialization process, a new employee compares his or her expectations--about the job, co-workers, the boss, and the organization in general--with the reality in the organization.
FALSE
T/F Formal socialization involves putting new employees directly into the job with little or no special attention.
FALSE
T/F Instrumental climates are positively associated with employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment.
FALSE
T/F Spiritual organizations discourage flexible thinking and creativity among employees.
FALSE
T/F Subcultures act to undermine the dominant culture
FALSE
T/F The encounter stage of the socialization process consists of the period of learning that occurs before a new employee joins an organization.
FALSE
Jean works for X Publishing, which is a publisher of scientific journals. The company is dominated by low risk taking and high attention to detail. Jean's Department is committed to high team orientation and provides many team-building activities in which Team and other department members work together and socialize. Which of the following best describes Jean's Department?
Jean's department has developed a subculture.
Manuel is a manager for a company which managers are expected to fully document all decisions and in which it is important to provide detailed data to support any recommendations. Also, out of the box thinking is dissuaded. What type of organizational culture describes this aspect of Manuel's job?
Low risk taking
Ask socrates Inc. employees are allowed to dress informally. this is an example of a ___________ through which organizational culture is transmitted.
Material Symbol
By the end of the ______________ stage of socialization, the new members internalize and accept the norms of the organization and their work group, are confident in their competence, and feel trusted and valued by their peers.
Metamorphosis
During the Socialization process, to work out any problems discovered during the encounter stage, the new member changes or goes through the _________________ stage.
Metamorphosis
The process of socialization consists of three stages. Which of the following is one of these three stages?
Metamorphosis
When you start to accept the differences between your expectations and the reality of the organization, you move into the ________________ stage of socialization.
Metamorphosis
Grace works for a pet store where everyone is committed to the happiness of the animals. Often employees, bosses, and hourly workers alike come into the store "off the clock" and spend time training the animals. Everyone loves the store, the animals, and their jobs. This attitude of her co-workers inspires Grace to do her best. Based on this information, we can say Grace is experiencing the effects of ______________________.
Organizational Climate
_______________ refers to the shared perceptions organizational members have about their organization and work environment.
Organizational climate
which of the following statements best describes the difference between organizational culture and job satisfaction?
Organizational culture is descriptive, while job satisfaction is evaluative.
Which of the following characteristics of an organizations culture indicates the degree to which management decisions take into consideration the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization?
People orientation
Rainbow Corp. hires a new secretary, Polonova, who differs from the vast majority of the company's employees in terms of her ethnicity. The company has a collectivist culture with a culturally diverse workforce and several policies to support the minorities. Yet, after a few weeks, she quits the company. Which of the following, if true, helps explain why she quit?
Polonova has a strong sense of personal ambition and independence.
An aircraft manufacturer with a strong presence in the united states is looking to expand its market overseas. The firm currently sells its aircraft to several airlines in the UK but now wants to establish manufacturing units there as well in order to acquire a bigger share in the European market. Hence, it plans to merge with QueenAir, a British aircraft manufacturer. Which of the following, if true, would waken the company's decision to merge with QueenAir?
There is a striking difference in the organizational cultures of the two firms.
Company chants are used to __________________.
Transmit company culture to employees.
In ______________ organizations, the lack of frequent face-to-face contact makes establishing a common set of norms very difficult.
Virtual
__________________ are indicators of a strong organizational culture.
Widely shared values
Which of the following terms refers to the recognition that people has an inner life that nourishes and is nourished by meaningful work that takes place in the context of community?
Work Place spirituality
Which of the following is most likely to result from a strong organizational culture?
low employee turnover
An organizational culture most likely to shape high ethical standards among it's members is one that ____________.
balances the rights of multiple stakeholders
How can U.S. managers be culturally sensitive?
by listening more
A strong culture should reduce employee turnover because it results in _________________.
cohesiveness and organizational commitment
A culture the expresses the core values that are shared by a majority is know as a(n) _________________ culture.
dominant
Liz is the lead editor for a small, city newspaper. One of her advertising sales representatives is pulling in a lot of restaurant clients. Liz realizes that the representative is quite knowledgeable about food and speaks quite elegantly when describing different dishes. She has begun discussing with the representative the possibility of collaborating with a writer to include a weekly restaurant review that includes the representative on the byline. After the first couple of reviews, the representative is able to increase ad sizes and sales. He is very happy with his new job diversification. Which aspect of creating a positive organizational culture is Liz utilizing?
emphasizing individual vitality and growth
Top management has a major impact on the organization's culture by ____________________.
establishing norms that filter down throughout the organization.
Stability is one of the seven primary characteristics that capture the essence of any organizations culture. it indicates the degree to which _______________?
organizational activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in contrast to growth
Organizations that promote a spiritual culture _________________.
recognize that people seek to find meaning and purpose in their work.
Culture is most likely to be a liability when _________________.
the organization's environment is dynamic
