organizational behavior exam 1

Resistance to change is a result of which of the following statements (select all that apply)? A perceived loss of power Feelings of uncertainty A risk tolerant personality Disrupted habits

A perceived loss of power Feelings of uncertainty Disrupted habits

Select all the ways that a company can ethically behave regarding a need to downsize. Offer early retirement programs Offer retraining opportunities Allow job sharing Implement a hiring freeze

All of them

Which of the following statements about culture change is accurate? Changing the company leadership can enable a cultural change. Culture is generally easy to change. Training programs do little to establish new corporate norms of behavior. Slowly conveying information on a "need-to-know basis" only to employees ensures the firm establishment of a new value system for the firm.

Changing the company leadership can enable a cultural change.

Which of the following is NOT a way to create a safety culture? Supervisor role modeling of safety behaviors. Rewarding employees when they reach their safety goals. Creating organizational safety goals that compete with performance goals. Providing employees daily feedback on safety behaviors.

Creating organizational safety goals that compete with performance goals.

Which of the following is NOT one of the problems Toyota attributed its lack of success to in recent years? Prioritization of growth goals over quality goals Decentralized organizational structure Lack of delegation of decision-making Little time spent of training new employees

Decentralized organizational structure

Zappos uses which of these as employee motivation tools? Check all that apply. Emphasis on team building No time limit on customer service calls Stock options given after training Chiropractor on site No offices for executives

Emphasis on team building No time limit on customer service calls Chiropractor on site No offices for executives

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about performance appraisals? Some companies have abolished performance appraisals. An effective appraisal system can lead to higher levels of trust in management. Only a small percentage of companies use the performance appraisal process to its fullest potential. Employees should only be given feedback on their performance during the appraisal period.

Employees should only be given feedback on their performance during the appraisal period.

Jaime implemented a recognition program where employees are encouraged to recognize one another when they do a good job. The recognition program should fulfill which of Maslow's needs? Physiological Safety Self-actualization Esteem

Esteem

What are some sources of power (select all that apply)? Racial Expert Legitimate Managerial

Expert Legitimate

Employee performance is a function of three factors. Which of the follow is NOT one of those factors? Ability Globalization Environment Motivation

Globalization

There are many ways to react to inequity, which of the following is NOT a reaction listed in the textbook? Increase your own preferences Change referent Increase your own outcomes Increase referent's inputs

Increase your own preferences

Job rotation can have a number of advantages for organizations, which of the following is NOT one of those advantages? Decreased stress levels Increased work-life balance Increased ethical behavior Decreased turnover

Increased work-life balance

Why is Fiedler's Contingency Theory important? It provides a framework to categorize situational favorableness. It recognizes the role context plays in leadership. It recognizes the importance of employee readiness. It defines leadership purely based on ability.

It recognizes the role context plays in leadership.

What does the Zimbardo Study tell us about conformity? Conformity is associated with power It's easy to fall prey to conformity regardless of who you are We are more likely to conform when we are wearing a uniform Only weak minded people conform

It's easy to fall prey to conformity regardless of who you are

Which of the following statements is correct about matrix organizations (select all that apply)? Matrix organizations violate the unity of command principle. Organizations with a matrix structure may have more conflict. The matrix structure is a response to uncertainty and dynamism in the environment. Matrix structures require managers to be more independent than in traditional structures.

Matrix organizations violate the unity of command principle. Organizations with a matrix structure may have more conflict. The matrix structure is a response to uncertainty and dynamism in the environment.

Why is it that power can be abused? Power isn't abused just misunderstood Power is only ever abused People are quick to conform People are inherently evil

People are quick to conform

What is an accurate statement about the research on motivation and culture? Perceptions of fairness are culturally dependent. Factors that motivate people do not vary between cultures. Countries high in power distance display lower levels of the need for power.. Financial needs are more important for those that live in industrialized countries.

Perceptions of fairness are culturally dependent.

All of the following are examples of a hypothesis EXCEPT A manager with charisma will be a more effective leader. Roses are prettier than daisies. If a well-liked manager leaves the organization, their followers will also leave. High workloads cause employee stress.

Roses are prettier than daisies.

Samuel is a new team leader and is conducting his first performance appraisal with Gabe who is not performing up to expectations. What strategies should Samuel employ to ensure the meeting is effective (select all that apply)? Samuel should work with Gabe to create an action plan to rectify the performance problems. Since the meeting is uncomfortable, Samuel should keep the meeting short and only focused on Gabe's previous performance. Samuel should criticize Gabe for not performing well and give him a deadline to change his behavior. Samuel should ask Gabe for reasons why his performance is below standards.

Samuel should work with Gabe to create an action plan to rectify the performance problems. Samuel should ask Gabe for reasons why his performance is below standards.

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can help explain Nucor's success? Decentralized structure Task identity and significance Generous wages and bonuses Compensation that is tied to performance

Task identity and significance

What is a criticism of Herzberg's two-factor theory? The theory suggests that supervision is a motivator but it should be a hygiene factor because bad supervision could make one dissatisfied. The theory argues that recognition is a hygiene factor when it should be a motivator since recognition would make one more satisfied. The theory argues that hygiene factors are more important than motivator factors in predicting employee satisfaction. The classification of factors is not always easy and multiple factors could fit in either category.

The classification of factors is not always easy and multiple factors could fit in either category.

What are two characteristics of relative ranking review systems? They are preferred by employees over an absolute ratings system. They create a culture of competitiveness. They compare the performance of one employee against that of another. They rate an employee's performance against a set of objective criteria.

They create a culture of competitiveness. They compare the performance of one employee against that of another.

What strategies should a new employee use to maximize the onboarding experience?

They should ask for clarity of roles and responsibilities. They should seek feedback on any issues they are unsure about.

Which of the following is NOT a strategy to combat unethical behavior that can result from goal-setting? Create multiple levels of goals and distribute rewards accordingly Reward all ethical behavior Withhold rewards from those who behave unethically Train supervisors to recognize unethical behaviors

Train supervisors to recognize unethical behaviors

How does the Four Seasons create a corporate culture of high service? Select all that apply. Uses employee-customer touchpoints to wow the customer Sets up mentors for employees Offers a 12-week training program Makes the customer feel like a celebrity Employees get bonuses for any good customer service surveys Provides employees with excellent benefits

Uses employee-customer touchpoints to wow the customer Sets up mentors for employees Offers a 12-week training program Makes the customer feel like a celebrity Provides employees with excellent benefits

What are the four Vs of big data? Velocity Value Veracity Variety Volume Visibility

Velocity Veracity Variety Volume

What is the definition of social networks? Formal connections between organizations Networks of private information Visual maps of relationships between individuals Online grapevines

Visual maps of relationships between individuals

Who is the author of this quote? "We look for intelligence, we look for initiative or energy, and we look for integrity. And if they don't have the latter, the first two will kill you." Indra Nooyi Warren Buffet Tim Cook Steve Jobs

Warren Buffet

Due to the aging workforce, organizations may have to change in all of the following ways except

allotting zero time to train older worker on new technologies.

Kronos hoped that the benefit of unlimited vacation time would help the organization to... satisfy the union. alleviate the burden of tracking days off. attract the highest quality of employees to the organization. end up meaning employees really didn't take any time off.

attract the highest quality of employees to the organization.

There are a number of strategies that can help during Lewin's unfreezing stage including (select all that apply) building a coalition. publicize success. creating small wins. providing support.

building a coalition. providing support.

Learning organizations exhibit all of following except

having a results-oriented culture.

Research has shown that successful organizations have several characteristics in common. What are three of those characteristics?

sharing information providing employment security engaging in selective hiring

Why may someone be perceived as a leader in one culture but not be perceived the same in another culture? Most leadership prototypes are interchangeable A culture's leadership prototypes are influenced by its history and heroes Because individualistic cultures have stronger values than collectivist cultures

A culture's leadership prototypes are influenced by its history and heroes

Which of the following statements about the change in workforce composition is NOT correct? A shamrock organization increases full-time employment rates in the overall economy. Outsourcing is becoming an increasingly common practice in many organizations. Offshoring creates challenges for managers who manage teams made up of employees separated by culture, language, time and space. A shamrock organization is comprised of one-third regular employees, one-third temporary employees, and one-third consultants and contractors.

A shamrock organization increases full-time employment rates in the overall economy.

Check all the indicators of an ethically corrupt organization. Acting like there is no one else like your organization Putting job security above anything else Treating competitors like enemies at war Rewarding employees for doing a superior job Failing to punish unethical acts Creating protections for whistle-blowers

Acting like there is no one else like your organization Putting job security above anything else Treating competitors like enemies at war Failing to punish unethical acts

What are the Big Five Personality Traits (select all that apply)? Agreeableness Extraversion Openness Assertiveness Temperament Neuroticism Creativity Conscientiousness

Agreeableness Extraversion Openness Neuroticism Conscientiousness

Which of the following are examples of the downsides associated with goal-setting (select all that apply)? Employees may not be able to adapt in response to unplanned circumstances. Setting goals may hinder learning. An aggressive pursuit of goals may encourage unethical behaviors. Setting goals outside of employees' ability may hinder their performance.

All of them

Which of the following are examples of traits that vary across cultures (select all that apply)? Conflict avoidant Superiority Self-sacrificing Ambitious

All of them

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the job characteristics? All three psychological states are equally important in predicting employee attitudes and behaviors. Employees working the same job may have differ perceptions about the job characteristics. Feedback can be detrimental to performance. Autonomy and feedback are the most important elements in deciding the motivating potential score.

All three psychological states are equally important in predicting employee attitudes and behaviors.

Which of the following statements about 360-degree feedback systems is correct (select all that apply)? As organizations become more flat, multiple feedback sources provide richer performance data. Since supervisors know all aspects of their employees' performance the extra raters are included to increase fairness. 360-degree feedback systems are designed to provide feedback for developmental purposes only. Peer raters may not provide objective data if they know it may cause a peer to lose a reward.

As organizations become more flat, multiple feedback sources provide richer performance data. 360-degree feedback systems are designed to provide feedback for developmental purposes only. Peer raters may not provide objective data if they know it may cause a peer to lose a reward.

Researchers focused on what three decision-making styles to determine leadership effectiveness (select all that apply)? Authoritative Autocratic Laissez-faire Analytic Democratic

Autocratic Laissez-faire Democratic

Which form of leadership is thought to be most effective? Transactional Both transactional and transformational Transformational

Both transactional and transformational

According to research successful organizations have the following aspects in common EXCEPT Employment security Selective hiring Information sharing Centralized structure

Centralized structure

Which of the following statements is correct about culture and the creation of a motivating work environment (select all that apply)? Chinese employees respond better to very difficult and less specific goals than do Western employees. Countries with high power distance respond negatively to appraisal systems in which subordinates provide feedback to their supervisors. The paternalistic nature of Mexican companies makes methods of increasing employee empowerment difficult to implement. Peer appraisals are very effective in collectivism cultures.

Chinese employees respond better to very difficult and less specific goals than do Western employees. Countries with high power distance respond negatively to appraisal systems in which subordinates provide feedback to their supervisors. The paternalistic nature of Mexican companies makes methods of increasing employee empowerment difficult to implement.

According to Situational Leadership Theory, what are the different behaviors of leadership (select all that apply)? Directive Supportive Goal-oriented Achievement-oriented

Directive Supportive Achievement-oriented

Which of the following is true about pay-for-performance systems (select all that apply)? Employees try harder and increase their effort when they are paid for their performance. Employees report lower levels of pay satisfaction under pay-for-performance systems. Less productive employees are more likely to quit under this type of pay system. Companies that pay for performance achieve higher productivity, profits, and customer service.

Employees try harder and increase their effort when they are paid for their performance. Less productive employees are more likely to quit under this type of pay system. Companies that pay for performance achieve higher productivity, profits, and customer service.

Learning retention is most successful when using which of these strategies in a presentation?

Engage the audience in active participation Use both audio and visual tools

Which of these are ways to increase job motivation? Select all that apply. Feedback Play favorites Task significance Creativity

Feedback Task significance

Which of the following statements is true about performance appraisals? Employees are always well aware of the basis for their evaluations. Women in stereotypically male jobs are rated higher than women in stereotypically female jobs. Feedback is most effective if it immediately follows performance. Leniency bias can be addressed by having the rater use absolute rankings.

Feedback is most effective if it immediately follows performance.

Which of the following statements are correct about organizational culture (select all that apply)? Firms with an aggressive culture can face a number of lawsuits because of the focus on outperforming the competitor at all costs. Individuals are more aware of their firm's culture when they have an opportunity to compare it with that of another firm. The three levels of organizational culture are strategy, assumptions, and artifacts. Researchers found a relationship between organizational success, measured by indicators like revenues, sales and market share, and organizational culture.

Firms with an aggressive culture can face a number of lawsuits because of the focus on outperforming the competitor at all costs. Individuals are more aware of their firm's culture when they have an opportunity to compare it with that of another firm. Researchers found a relationship between organizational success, measured by indicators like revenues, sales and market share, and organizational culture.

Which of the following statements about the creation and maintenance of culture is NOT correct? Founder values lay the cornerstone of the firm's culture, but values have a rapidly decreasing impact as the firm grows and ages. The difficulty in changing firm culture can be, at least, partially attributed to the shaping provided by founder values. When the organization's way of doing business provides a successful adaptation to environmental challenges, those beliefs and values are retained. The attraction-selection-attrition process explains how a certain level of homogeneity in personalities and values is maintained within an organization.

Founder values lay the cornerstone of the firm's culture, but values have a rapidly decreasing impact as the firm grows and ages.

Which of the following statements is incorrect about goal-setting? Research has widely supported goal-setting theory. Goal-setting theory has only been tested in white-collar industries. Goal-setting is the most influential theories of motivation. Goal-setting can improve performance up to 25%.

Goal-setting theory has only been tested in white-collar industries.

All of the following are reasons why goals motivate EXCEPT Goals provide self-esteem Goals provide challenge Goals energize people Goals give us direction Goals promote creativity

Goals provide self-esteem

Which of these are indicators of the culture Mary Barra sought to build at General Motors when she became CEO? Select all that apply. Have fun. Build teamwork. Build a culture of followers, not decision makers. Centralize all decision making Focus on foundational issues. Create an environment where people feel engaged.

Have fun. Build teamwork. Focus on foundational issues. Create an environment where people feel engaged.

You can determine your dependency level on another person by answering what three questions? How scarce are the resources that person has? How costly are the resources that person has? How substitutable are the resources that person has? How reliable are the resources that person has? How important are the resources that person has?

How scarce are the resources that person has? How substitutable are the resources that person has? How important are the resources that person has?

Which of the following statements about onboarding is NOT accurate? If onboarding activities are successful employees experience greater job satisfaction but are no more likely to remain with the firm compared to those who do not take part in onboarding. The speed with which new employees learn the company's culture is strongly influenced by the support of supervisors and managers. The inability to network is a major reason why new employees either leave their jobs voluntarily or are terminated within the first two years of employment. Research on onboarding activities indicates that active relationship building by the employee is particularly important to avoid turnover in those firms lacking systematic onboarding activities.

If onboarding activities are successful employees experience greater job satisfaction but are no more likely to remain with the firm compared to those who do not take part in onboarding.

Which of the following is NOT a suggested strategy to ensure that the workplace is ethical? Integrate ethics into decision-making at least monthly Role-model ethical behavior Maintain pay equity Consider the outcome if workplace decisions were published on the front page of a newspaper

Integrate ethics into decision-making at least monthly

What are some of the key traits associated with leadership (select all that apply)? Likeability Integrity Open to experience Agreeableness

Integrity Open to experience

Kelsey reports to multiple managers. What advice would you give Kelsey to help her manage this situation? Kelsey should not try to form a relationship with either manager in case they do not like each other. Kelsey should inform each manager of her workload to avoid being overloaded. Encourage Kelsey to learn from each of her managers. Kelsey should learn the work style of her managers and try to vary her style accordingly.

Kelsey should inform each manager of her workload to avoid being overloaded. Encourage Kelsey to learn from each of her managers. Kelsey should learn the work style of her managers and try to vary her style accordingly.

Tomas prefers to cook by gathering items out of his refrigerator or pantry and putting them together to make something unique rather than reading a recipe. If it doesn't taste good, he tosses it out and tries again. Which learning style preference does Tomas demonstrate?

Kinesthetic

What three tactics does the Walt Disney Company use to create a motivated workforce? Check all that apply. Keeps turnover high Listens to employees Limits employee engagement Rewards creativity Recognizes behavior that aligns with their mission

Listens to employees Rewards creativity Recognizes behavior that aligns with their mission

Which of the following are possible outcomes of an organization that is perceived to be overly political (select all that apply)? High employee commitment Low incidence of depression Low job satisfaction High levels of job anxiety

Low job satisfaction High levels of job anxiety

What are two likely results of a high-quality Leader-Member Exchange relationship? Lower employee stress Poor citizenship behaviors Poor performance ratings Lower turnover

Lower employee stress Lower turnover

Yara has just been promoted to a new management role. She is having a difficult time delegating tasks to her new team. What is Yara's dominant need? Need for affiliation Need for esteem Need for recognition Need for power

Need for affiliation

Susan is a very effective manager. She produces good work and is successful in negotiating resources for her department. Unfortunately, she fails to give any recognition for the department's work to any other team members. Based on the acquired-needs theory, what is Susan's dominant need? Need for affiliation Need for power Need for achievement Need for self-actualization

Need for power

Which of the following statements regarding change resistance is correct? All change will be resisted. People are less likely to resist a change that has far reaching consequences. Not all resistance is bad. Former unsuccessful changes have little impact on resistance to change.

Not all resistance is bad.

Globalization can be an opportunity or a threat for an organization. Which of the following statements is correct about globalization (select all that apply)? Many service operations are being outsourced to Europe. Organizations are finding that they need to retrain their workforces. Globalization can decrease the organizational cost of manufacturing. Organizations are easily adapting to globalization.

Organizations are finding that they need to retrain their workforces. Globalization can decrease the organizational cost of manufacturing.

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, Dr. Anthony Fauci was called upon to share details of the virus. He was able to do this because of his roles at numerous health organizations which provided him access to the current status of the epidemic. It can be said that Dr. Fauci exhibited power. Power that comes from a certain level of education Power that comes from the ability to find certain information Power that comes from hoarding information Power that comes from access to specific information

Power that comes from access to specific information

Which scenario is an example of positive reinforcement? Praising an employee for their interactions with a new client. Repeatedly asking an employee to submit their work on time. Promoting an employee who does not get along with their team members. Taking away shifts from an employee who is always late to work.

Praising an employee for their interactions with a new client.

Amina was recently offered a promotion at work. The new position comes with increased responsibilities but did not come with an increase in salary. Amina knows that others in the same position receive a higher salary. Amina feels this is unfair since she is just as qualified. Which type of organizational justice helps explain Amina's feelings of unfairness? Interpersonal justice International justice Procedural justice Interactional justice

Procedural justice

Todd always shows up late to his shift at the coffee shop. The manager tells him he will be responsible for cleaning the espresso machine every day until he can get to work on time. What type of reinforcement intervention is the manager employing? Extinction Punishment Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement

Punishment

Which of the following statements regarding visual elements of culture is accurate (select all that apply)? Stories highlight critical events faced or heroic efforts put forth by individual employees to instill cultural values in employees. A weekly team meeting to review goals is an example of a ritual. Detailed mission statements are more effective than simple ones. The presence or lack of policies on sensitive issues can communicate a lot about a company's culture.

Stories highlight critical events faced or heroic efforts put forth by individual employees to instill cultural values in employees. A weekly team meeting to review goals is an example of a ritual. The presence or lack of policies on sensitive issues can communicate a lot about a company's culture.

Which of the following statements is correct about organizational culture? Employee perceptions of subcultures have little impact on employee performance or commitment to the organization. A strong culture always outperforms a weak culture because of the consistency of expectations. Outcome-oriented cultures hold managers accountable for performance but not their employees. Subcultures can arise from the personal characteristics of employees and managers or the conditions of the workplace.

Subcultures can arise from the personal characteristics of employees and managers or the conditions of the workplace.

Which of the following is NOT one of Carnegie's six recommendations? Talk in terms of the other person's interests. Remember that a person's name is to that person the sweetest and most important sound in any language. Become genuinely interested in other people. Make the other person feel important—and do it sincerely. Talk about who you are and your hobbies. Be a good listener. Encourage others to talk about themselves.

Talk about who you are and your hobbies.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the Four Seasons? The Four Seasons began as a luxury hotel in Canada. They conducted 15,000 interviews to hire 450 people for their Mumbai property. The company owes its success to its heroic customer service. The Four Seasons is consistently on Forbes' Best Place to Work list.

The Four Seasons began as a luxury hotel in Canada.

Which of the following statements about motivation is NOT correct? Reinforcement theory is especially useful in understanding why unethical behavior occurs. According to the needs-based theories, a manager's job is to find out what people need and then create the workplace to satisfy these needs. Process-based theories view motivation as a rational process. The needs-based theory with the most empirical support is the ERG theory.

The needs-based theory with the most empirical support is the ERG theory.

What is organizational behavior? The study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context. The study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society. The systematic study and application of knowledge about how individuals and groups act within the organizations where they work. The scientific study of human society and social relationships, based on interactions within the family unit and their effect on personality.

The systematic study and application of knowledge about how individuals and groups act within the organizations where they work.

Why are social networks important (select all that apply)? They create strong bonds between coworkers. They can be a source of power. They allow individuals to gain access to diverse skills sets. They deliver private information.

They can be a source of power. They allow individuals to gain access to diverse skills sets. They deliver private information.

All of the following are challenges for organizational behavior EXCEPT The impact of technology on work-life conflict Ethical challenges Lack of employee engagement Understanding the trend toward non-globalization.

Understanding the trend toward non-globalization.

What are three methods REI uses to engage and retain their employees? Unlimited vacation Guaranteed spouse employment Yay-days Higher pay scale than other outdoor retailers Town hall meetings Profit-sharing

Yay-days Town hall meetings Profit-sharing

Avi was offered a promotion to the sales team. Avi has never worked in sales and is concerned because the team works remotely. What advice would you give Avi based on what you know about the acquired-needs theory? You should advice Avi to take the job and work to make it fit her need for affiliation. You should advice Avi not to take the job because it would not fit her need for recognition. You should advice Avi to take the job because it would fit her need for affiliation. You should advice Avi to take the job because it would fit her need for recognition.

You should advice Avi to take the job and work to make it fit her need for affiliation.

Which type of power is in use when a manager threatens to fire an employee if the budget isn't finalized by the end of the week? information coercive reward expert

coercive

Strategies that should be implemented during Lewin's change stage include (select all that apply) creating small wins. eliminating obstacles. allowing employees the opportunity to participate. building a coalition.

creating small wins. eliminating obstacles.

Kronos was able to _____ after it implemented the unlimited vacation time policy. hire Ivy League graduates have a record year of profits lay-off 10% of its workforce do an initial public offering

have a record year of profits

Common errors in reasoning that undermine the basic soundness of an argument are called rational persuasion. logical fallacies. coalition tactics. logical assumptions.

logical fallacies.

Four strategies that should be implemented during Lewin's refreezing stage include (select all that apply) making change part of the organizational culture. providing support. eliminating obstacles. building coalition. publicizing success. rewarding change adoption. building on prior change.

making change part of the organizational culture. publicizing success. rewarding change adoption. building on prior change.

Rahini recently applied for a position on the sales team at a new wireless provider store. As part of the selection process Rahini was given a Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) which found that his dominant need was for achievement. According to Acquired Needs Theory, Rahini should be ______. offered the position. not offered the position.

offered the position.

"If you don't give me the answers to the test, then I'll flunk this class, and I'll get kicked out of school and I'll never get a job" is an example of a ________ argument. moral equivalence straw person slippery slope bandwagon

slippery slope

One of the most important traits Jack Ma seeks in employees is that they are multi-lingual. loyal to him. smarter than him. outspoken.

smarter than him.

Task-oriented leader behaviors involve... micromanaging subordinates. focusing on the team as a whole. structuring the roles of subordinates. treating employees with respect.

structuring the roles of subordinates.

Organization change occurs for all of the following reasons except

successful performance.