Organizational Behavior Exam 2

Access to information is a key factor in empowering employees. Select one: True False

True

Alderfer's existence needs correspond to Maslow's physiological and safety needs. Select one: True False

True

Role conflict is a result of contradictory demands at work. Select one: True False

True

The Demand-Control model proposes that employees with high levels of autonomy and control over their jobs will be less stressed. Select one: True False

True

The job characteristics model is an attempt to design jobs for increased motivational potential. Select one: True False

True

Over-rewarded individuals experience a great deal of guilt and will substantially increase their effort to restore feelings of equity. Select one: True False

False

Overall, work-life conflict is more problematic for men than women. Select one: True False

False

One effective way of achieving procedural justice is to allow employees a voice in decision making. Select one: True False

True

Organizations can help employees reduce stress by offering them greater autonomy in their jobs, making their job duties clear, and providing employee assistance programs. Select one: True False

True

Some research shows that Chinese employees are more motivated than American employees when the goals set for them are very difficult. Select one: True False

True

To reduce the frequency of negative behaviors, remove the rewards that followed those unwanted behaviors. Select one: True False

True

Using the extinction approach to get a coworker to quit using inappropriate jokes during his conversations means you ignore the jokes instead of laughing at them. Select one: True False

True

When we perceive a threat to our safety, the body reacts with a "fight or flight" response. Select one: True False

True

Which of the following is a process based theory of motivation? Select one: a. Alderfer's ERG theory. b. Herzberg's two-factor theory. c. Skinner's reinforcement theory. d. McClelland's acquired needs theory.

c. Skinner's reinforcement theory.

Motivation is culturally based. Select one: True False

True

Adequate notice ensures that there is two-way communication during the performance appraisal process. Select one: True False

False

Attractive women are rated lower if they are employed in non-management jobs and higher if they are in management jobs. Select one: True False

False

Expectancy theory is a need-based theory. Select one: True False

False

Which of the following is an example of anticipatory stress? Select one: a. Anna's coworker Julie was just let go due to downsizing. Anna worries about whether she will get to keep her job. b. Reuben feels anxious every time he thinks back to what his supervisor said during his recent performance evaluation. c. Sam is upset because he just lost an important sale that he has been working toward for a month now. d. Carlos' son is home alone and has called Carlos at work three times in the past hour.

a. Anna's coworker Julie was just let go due to downsizing. Anna worries about whether she will get to keep her job.

In comparing Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory to Alderfer's ERG theory Select one: a. ERG theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time. b. Maslow's theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time. c. ERG theory is based upon observations of individuals in clinical settings. d. Maslow's theory suggests that individuals who are frustrated in their attempts to satisfy one need may regress to another one. Feedback

a. ERG theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time.

_______________ is (are) a downside to goal setting. Select one: a. Learning decreases b. Adaptability increases c. Developing broadmindedness d. Ethical problem decreases

a. Learning decreases

___________ is an example of felt empowerment. Select one: a. Meaningful work b. Leadership style c. Organizational structure d. Organizational climate

a. Meaningful work

A mid-sized manufacturing company produced one thousand component assemblies in July of this year, far exceeding the previous record of 843 assemblies. One week later, the firm had grills brought on site and employees were treated to a steak luncheon. The steak grill-out is an example of Select one: a. an award. b. a bonus. c. gainsharing. d. merit pay.

a. an award.

Which of the following statements is true of major life changes? Select one: a. Stress results from negative life changes but not from positive ones. b. The Holmes-Rahe scale ascribes stress values to life events based upon incidences of illness and death in the 12 months after such events. c. Stressors are one-time events so the number of stressors you experience in a 12 month period is not important. d. Life events can impact our psychological but not our physical well-being.

b. The Holmes-Rahe scale ascribes stress values to life events based upon incidences of illness and death in the 12 months after such events.

Anita seems to take life as it comes. When the refrigerator and washing machine broke down in the same day flooding the kitchen, she laughed it off saying, "It could always be worse." She then went and called the appliance repair service. Anita has a _________________ personality. Select one: a. Type A b. Type B c. pessimistic d. neurotic

b. Type B

Which of the following statements represents an issue with disciplining employees? Select one: a. Sticks can be more effective than carrots. b. Unfair punishment may not change unwanted behavior. c. No two employees or incidents are the same, so no two employee should be disciplined the same way. d. Discipline is the most effective way for changing behavior in the long term.

b. Unfair punishment may not change unwanted behavior.

The concept of flow refers to Select one: a. applying the principles of athletic performance to workplace performance. b. a state of consciousness where a person is totally absorbed in an activity. c. the regulation of feelings and expressions for organizational purposes. d. ongoing negative emotional states resulting from dissatisfaction.

b. a state of consciousness where a person is totally absorbed in an activity.

Ability refers to Select one: a. having the resources, information and support one needs to perform well. b. having the skills and knowledge required to perform the job. c. the intention of achieving a goal, leading to goal-directed behavior. d. the function of performance, motivation, and environment.

b. having the skills and knowledge required to perform the job.

Maria is a customer service agent for a large Telecom. During her shift she gets a call from an irate customer who is screaming at her and calling her names. This event would be considered a(n) Select one: a. role stressor. b. interpersonal stressor. c. challenge stressor. d. life change.

b. interpersonal stressor.

Renaldo is preparing to rate Marquez on his annual performance evaluation. As he looks at the first item, Renaldo thinks about the meeting he had with Marquez last week. Marquez shared with Renaldo that his wife was quite ill and that there may be days when he would be called to the hospital unexpectedly. Renaldo knows that a poor review will cost Marquez his bonus which Renaldo knows would be very difficult for Marquez financially. Based on this, Renaldo may give Marquez ratings that show ______________ bias. Select one: a. liking b. leniency c. stereotype d. recency

b. leniency

Which of the following statements is true regarding cultural aspects of motivation in a work environment? Select one: a. Mexican employees work very effectively in self-managed teams. b. Indian employees are very satisfied when they are empowered. c. Chinese employees are very motivated when goals are very difficult. d. Peer appraisals are very effective in collectivism cultures.

c. Chinese employees are very motivated when goals are very difficult.

Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between feedback and performance is true? Select one: a. The mere presence of feedback is sufficient to motivate employees to better performance. b. Regardless of whether feedback is positive or negative in nature, employees will feel motivated by it. c. Feedback is detrimental to performance in about one-third of the cases. d. The manner in which feedback is delivered has no bearing on its motivation effects.

c. Feedback is detrimental to performance in about one-third of the cases.

Which of the following statements regarding work-life conflict is accurate? Select one: a. Work demands and family demands are always incompatible. b. Work-life conflict has gone down in recent years due to better technology. c. Work-life conflict is greater for men than for women. d. Increased work hours and dual-earning households in the U.S. have contributed to greater work-life conflict.

d. Increased work hours and dual-earning households in the U.S. have contributed to greater work-life conflict.

If you wanted to be perceived as a fair person, take this piece of advice: Select one: a. "People are selfish, they care only about their own justice level." b. "Treat everyone equally when distributing rewards. Differentiation in rewards often leads to unfairness." c. "Make your own decisions, you are the boss. Since you are accountable for those decisions, you do not need to waste time listening to everyone's opinions." d. "Think before you speak. Be considerate of others."

d. "Think before you speak. Be considerate of others."

Which of the following statements is true about the manner in which managers can influence the perceptions of expectancy theory? Select one: a. Individuals with an internal locus of control and high self-esteem believe there is little connection between their effort and performance so a great deal of feedback is needed to motivate them. b. Regardless of the performance rating given on a performance evaluation, make certain that everyone gets a small raise annually. c. Recognize good performance of individuals with cost effective items like coffee mugs and t-shirts. d. Conduct employee surveys periodically to ascertain what employees consider to be rewards for performance and integrate that in some manner into the performance evaluation program.

d. Conduct employee surveys periodically to ascertain what employees consider to be rewards for performance and integrate that in some manner into the performance evaluation program.

How could a firm best satisfy an employee's safety needs? Select one: a. Enroll the employee in a Microsoft Office training course. b. Provide an employee appreciation luncheon. c. Develop a weekly employee bowling league. d. Create a job security clause in the employment contract.

d. Create a job security clause in the employment contract.

Which of the following statements regarding SMART goals is correct? Select one: a. Easy goals are the most effective goals. b. When goals are specific, stress is higher. c. Adding a time limit to a goal leads to short-term decision making and ignoring the long term consequences. d. Effective goals tend to be aggressive.

d. Effective goals tend to be aggressive.

Research indicates that exercise is an effective strategy for managing stress. Which of the following statements best describes some of the findings from studies on exercise and stress? Select one: a. Physically active breaks, like walking, actually increase mental fatigue. b. Exercise, like light calisthenics, actually absorbs energy. c. Light exercise tends to erode hand-eye coordination as well as fine motor control. d. Regular exercise increases the body's ability to draw oxygen out of the air, thus combating stress.

d. Regular exercise increases the body's ability to draw oxygen out of the air, thus combating stress.

In the resistance phase of stress, an outside stressor jolts an individual insisting that something must be done. Select one: True False

False

Challenge stressors have been shown to relate to increased engagement and performance. Select one: True False

True

Marcus is a student at State University. He seems to run to each of his classes and is very upset with the professor if class does not begin exactly on time. He studies until the late hours of the night and will argue with his professor for every possible point on a multiple choice exam. Marcus would be classified as having Select one: a. Type A personality. b. Type B personality. c. pessimistic personality. d. neurotic personality.

a. Type A personality.

Wellness programs, such as gym memberships, free health screenings, weight loss programs, and smoking cessation programs Select one: a. are associated with reduced turnover and absenteeism. b. operate based on the placebo effect. c. have little to do with work, but employees like them. d. are usually offered to only the best employees.

a. are associated with reduced turnover and absenteeism.

Agnes just went through the kitchen cupboards and found a chocolate bar loaded with caramel. She is probably experiencing the Select one: a. exhaustion phase. b. alarm phase. c. resistance phase. d. adaptation phase.

a. exhaustion phase.

Maslow's physiological needs may be satisfied by Select one: a. food. b. feeling danger-free. c. feelings of importance. d. human bonds.

a. food.

A manager with low focus and low energy would most likely Select one: a. procrastinate at work. b. be distracted at work. c. be disengaged at work. d. be totally absorbed in work.

a. procrastinate at work.

Alderfer's theory of motivation revised Maslow's theory of needs by Select one: a. relaxing the basic assumptions of Maslow's theory of needs. b. assuming needs are hierarchically-based. c. re-ordering the hierarchy of needs. d. assuming needs are grouped into five categories.

a. relaxing the basic assumptions of Maslow's theory of needs.

Job specialization can Select one: a. increase the number of employees needed to complete the job. b. minimize training costs. c. lead to greater motivation among employees. d. be very effective in rapidly changing environments.

b. minimize training costs.

Maslow's social needs could be satisfied by Select one: a. receiving an employee of the month award. b. getting promoted to assistant manager from a supervisor position. c. attending a department picnic after work. d. taking a class on Microsoft Office.

c. attending a department picnic after work.

Joaquin received the Chancellor's Award and an $8,000 scholarship for a research paper and formal presentation he created. He believes that he worked hard for the paper and the presentation and deserved the award. Joaquin would feel a sense of Select one: a. high interactional justice. b. high interpersonal justice. c. high distributive justice. d. high procedural justice.

c. high distributive justice.

Research on procedural justice suggests Select one: a. it is best to exclude employees from commenting on potential changes in company procedures like performance appraisals because they do not understand the decision-making process anyway. b. it is best to unexpectedly announce department-wide layoffs because when employees suspect changes in their job status are upcoming, they tend to become much less productive. c. it is best to be consistent in the manner in which employees are disciplined for violating company policy for situations like cell phone usage. d. it is best to send an announcement of changes to the company benefit package for the next fiscal year without providing explanatory details because employees do not understand the financial implications anyway.

c. it is best to be consistent in the manner in which employees are disciplined for violating company policy for situations like cell phone usage.

Which of the following is a hygiene factor in Herzberg's theory of motivation? Select one: a. promotion opportunities. b. interesting work. c. salary. d. achievement.

c. salary.

Which of the following statements regarding telecommuting is correct? Select one: a. Telecommuting is a universally effective process, regardless of job or employee. b. The number of employees telecommuting is going down in the U.S. c. Research on telecommuting indicates that stress is higher but job satisfaction and job performance is also higher when the program is instituted. d. Telecommuting success is dependent on matching the right employee to the right job in the right environment.

d. Telecommuting success is dependent on matching the right employee to the right job in the right environment.

One of the dimensions of structural empowerment is Select one: a. meaningful work. b. confidence that you can perform the job. c. feeling that one has autonomy at work. d. access to information.

d. access to information.

Which of the following factors determine empowerment? Select one: a. structure b. access to information c. leadership style d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Your paycheck could likely satisfy which of the following needs identified by Maslow? Select one: a. physiological needs. b. esteem needs. c. safety needs. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

Research on crying as a stress reliever suggests Select one: a. the old adage is true: "Let it all out with a good cry." b. criers are less depressed, less anxious and less tired than those who wept less. c. crying is much more successful than humor at combating stress. d. crying may intensify negative feelings because it is a social signal that the individual weeping is very upset.

d. crying may intensify negative feelings because it is a social signal that the individual weeping is very upset.

Stuart works on an auto assembly line. Last year he was responsible for welding the upper panel of the wheel well onto the left rear wheel area. This year, he is also responsible for welding all parts of the entire left rear wheel area. This auto assembly line underwent a job re-design using the ________ ________technique. Select one: a. job specialization. b. job enrichment. c. job rotation. d. job enlargement.

d. job enlargement.

A Type B personality displays which of the following characteristics? Select one: a. impatience b. deep levels of job involvement c. high level competitiveness d. logical decision making

d. logical decision making

Autonomy refers to Select one: a. the extent to which the job requires a person to utilize multiple high level skills. b. the degree to which a person is in charge of completing an identifiable piece of work from start to finish. c. whether a person's job substantially affects other people's health, work or well-being. d. the degree to which a person has the freedom to decide how to perform his tasks.

d. the degree to which a person has the freedom to decide how to perform his tasks.

In simulations examining whether reinforcement theory explains ethical behavior, researchers found that Select one: a. subjects were less likely to cut kickback payments if there was a threat of punishment. b. subjects were less likely to continue kickback payments if they made a profit after providing the kickbacks. c. the perceived likelihood of punishment is not a major influence of ethical behavior. d. the severity of expected punishment was the primary predictor of whether subjects were inclined to behave unethically.

d. the severity of expected punishment was the primary predictor of whether subjects were inclined to behave unethically.