Organizational Communication

Organizational Identity, Sense-making device, collective commitment, social system stability

4 functions of Organizational culture

Synecdonche

A part for the whole or the whole for a part ("the White House announced today"; "the hospital failed to revive him")

c. Espoused beliefs and values

According to management scholar Edgar Schein, any culture can be analyzed at 3 levels, with level meaning the degree to which a cultural phenomenon is visibe to thee observer. For example, members of a company constantly discusses how to improve efficiency and flexibility and adgere to their code of ethics. Which of the following pertains to thee level of thee company culture? a. Demarcation b. Underlying assumptions c. Espoused beliefs and values d. Artifacts

Investiture socialization

Affirms the personal characteristics and identify that the newcomer brings to the organization

info access, work related assistance, phsycological support, improoved coworker relationship

Benefits of friendships for work association

accessibility, bonding, commonality

Benefits to having friends in workpace

a. the distinction between personal and work domains become burred and we are simultaneously more connected and available to our network of work associates and physically more distanced from coworkers

Chapter 6 of the textbook discusses that changes in the use of communication technology have important implications for work-related relationships and networks. Which of the following is the important implications that changes in the use of com. tech. has for work relationships and networks? a. The distinction between personal and work domains become blurred and we are simultaneously more connected and available to our network of work associates and physically more distanced from coworkers. b. the chances increase that our social and personal relationships will be with coworkers. c. the increase in stress that accompanies increased working hours and more intense work may strain work relationships as well as non work relationships d. Some people use work to escape stresses at home- thus inverting or usual assumption about people trying to be home and away from work as much as possibe

clan

Collaborative, cohesion, particpation, communication, empowerment, morale, people decelopment, commitment

supervisor

Communication relationship with _____ moderates satisfaction level

market

Companies with ______________ cultures tend to have more positive organizational outcomes

Observable Artificacts

Consist of the physical manifestation of an organizations culuture

Basic Assumption

Constitute organizational values that have become so taken for granted over time that they become assumptions that guide organizational behavior

False

Functionalist perspective on organizational culture endorses thee notion that organizations are cultures, a complex and ever-evolving totality of people, goals, actions, experiences, and interpretations. True or False

Individualize

Individual, Informal, Random, Variable, Disjunctive

adhocracy, clan and market cultures

Innovation and quality can be increased by building characteristics associated with ______, _________, and_____ into the organization

Relational Info

Interpersonal relationships between coworkers

serial socialization

It uses an experienced organizational member, who occupies a similar role to the one the newcomer will occupy, to hep "groom" the newcomer

T

Job instructions, job rationales, information on procedures and practices, feedback on perfomnce, and indoctrination messages are categories of downward communication T or F

a. Motivator; Maintenance

Maria is passionate about the environment, believes in being loyal to those who support her and joins Green Peace. Which of the following characterizes Maria and the socialization process appropriate for her? a. Motivator; Maintenance b. Activist; utilitarian c. loyalist; guilt-ridden d. Loner; protracted

Forma Socialization

Newcomers are segregated, in one form or anotheer, from regular organizational members

Disjunctive socialization

No role models are available or are provided for the newcomer

f. Individual g. Informal h. Random i. Variable j. Disjunctive

Of the socialization tactics explained in the reading #2, five tend to be related to innovative responses? What are they? Choose five. a. Collective b. Formal c. Sequential d. Fixed e. Serial f. Individual g. Informal h. Random i. Variable j. Disjunctive

a. Anticipatory Socialization

Of the three stages of organizational assimilation, which stage includes the information intentionally and unintentionally gathered as the job seeker interacts with potential employing organizations? a. Anticipatory Socialization b. Organizational Encounter c. Metamorphosis

a. legitimation

People almost always have multiple goals when they communicate. f the ways that identity and relational goals are closely intertwined is that we seek _____ for valued identities in our relationships. a. legitimation b. instrumental (or task) goal c. synthetic rationalization d. ritualls of reification

1- Job analysis 2 Person Specification 3 Selection Criteria 4 Recruitment 5 Selection

Predictivist Perspective Steps of employee selection process

Family, educational institutions, part-time employment, peers and friends, media

Sources of occupational information

T

Talking about your work with a colleague who works for a competitor but being careful not to disclose organizational "secrets" is an example of openness-closedness dialectic T or F

False

The acknowledgement of multiple cultures within a single organization leads us to adopt the notion that everyone shares the same values in an organization and acts in concert. True or False

Predictivist Perspective

The job is a given stable entity into which the most suitable candidate needs to be recruited Primary Interest: Person-job fit

sequential sociaization

The organization specifies a certain set of steps to be completed in order to advance to the target role

Role-taking

There are already pre-determined roles set for you to take up to fit into the organization

constructivist perspective

This perspective values applicant input. Candidates, as well as organizations, make decisions in selection. Primary interest: Person-organization fit/ and or person-team fit

Decrease

Upon entry, fairly inflated expectations ________ satisfaction once on the job

Informal Socialization

Use informal, laissez-faire sociaization. newcomers is not distinguished from other organizationa members, the mistakes that person makes are "real" mistakes

a. The distinction between personal and work domains become blurred and we are simultaneously more connected and available to our network of work associates and physically more distanced from coworkers

Which o the following is NOT one of the important implications for relationships and relational communication? a. The distinction between personal and work domains become blurred and we are simultaneously more connected and available to our network of work associates and physically more distanced from coworkers b. The chances increase that our social and personal relationships will be with coworkers. c. The increase in stress that accompanies increased working hours and more intense work may strain work relationships d. Some people use work to escape stresses at home- thus inverting our usual assumption about people trying to be home and away from work as much as possible

b. Indirect Questioning e. Disguising Conversations

Which of the following information seeking tactics use hints, non-interrogative questions, jokes, and self-disclosure, etc. Choose two. a. Overt Questioning b. Indirect Questioning c. Third Party Questioning d. Testing e. Disguising Conversations f. Observation G. Surveillance

b. There is an increased demand for emotional labor and "communicative labor."

Which of the following is NOT one of several characteristics of communication is "post-traditional societies? a. Assumed (or traditional) roles, identities and relationships have become stronger and accepted as given and fixed b. There is an increased demand for emotional labor and "communicative labor." c. Social interaction has become more conversational, informal, and democratic- the conversationalization of discourse d. There is an increase in promotional discourse

d. individuals accept roles prescribed by an organization and do their best to adopt the dominant culture of the organization

Which of the following is not one of three assumptions upon which thee concept of assimilation is based? a.individuals as well as organizations are active agents b. Organizations are bounded entities c. Assimilation occurs in phases d. individuals accept roles prescribed by an organization and do their best to adopt the dominant culture of the organization

a. indoctrination messages

Which of the following is one of downward communication categories? a. indoctrination messages b. job status and problems in performing work c. perceptions of organizational policies and practices d. ideas and suggestions

a.Assumed (or traditional) roles, identities, and relationships have been lost or discarded.

Which of the following is one of several characteristics of communication in " post-traditional" societies? a.Assumed (or traditional) roles, identities, and relationships have been lost or discarded. b. There is a decreased demand for emotional labor and "communicative labor" c. Social interaction has become less conversational, more formal, and less democratic- the technologicalization of discourse d. Since identities and relationships are fixed and taken-for-granted, we have come to expect self-promotion as unnecessary and abnormal

c. Control

With an example case of a regional agency of the US Forest Service, a male manager from another region walks into a room before a meeting, seeing only women, and asking " So, where are all the foresters?" In this case, ______ operates through the assumption that "normal" means male foresters, although a number of the women present were in fact forest rangers. a. Demarcation b. Identification c. Control d. Artifacts

c. fragmentation

With regard to Martin's 3 perspectives on organizational culture, which of the following perspectives suggests that subcultures are dynamic and unstable and that the dominant organizational culture as a consequence is multifaceted and in constant flux a. integration b. differentiation c. fragmentation d. climate

a. Connection-Autonomy

You are socialized with the same group of workmates the past 2 weekends in a row. One of them talks about plans for the coming weekend assuming you'll be joinging them again. While you've greatly enjoyed your time with the group, you're uncomfortable with that assumption, and you are considering doing something else. Which of the following refers to a rational dialectic you are experiencing? a. Connection-Autonomy b. Openness-Closedness c. Novelty-Predictability d. Equality- Inequality

Socialization

You learn other's expectations for yo in the organization; ignores newcomers personalities

Personification

attributing human qualities to an abstraction ("life has cheated me"; "the company is kind"; "corporate character")

Institutionlized

collective, formal, sequential, fixed, serial

Market

compete, customer focus, productivity, enhancing competitiveness, market share, profitability, goal, achievement

Values

concepts or beliefs that pertain to desirable end states, transcend situations, guide selection of behavior and are ordered by relative importance

rites of confilict reduction

conflict defect attention away from conflict

Hierarchy

control, capable processes, consistency, process control, measurement, efficiency, timeliness, smooth functioning

adhocray

create, adaptability, creativity, agility, innovation, growth, cutting-edge outpu

conduit

e.g container, transmission, line, tool, object

lens

e.g eye scanning, filtering, distortion

voice

e.g. chorus, expression and suppression, "participation

performance

e.g. drama, episode, display, ritual, role, audience, actor

discourse

e.g. language, conversation, text, "reading"

linkage

e.g. relationships, connections, networks, patterns, cliques, isolates

symbol

e.g. representations, artifacts, narratives, shared meaning.

clan

employees are more satisfied and committed to organizations with ______ cultures

rites of integration

feeling of community or commitment rite of org set

functionalist perspective

focuses on instumeentality and isolates features of a culture for their pracctical utility - culture consistent -cultures shared by all org members -management can use culutre to control empyees - culture is unique for org Organizations have culutures

lay theories or implicit theories

frameworks of understanding including theories of ideas such as love, friendship, money, power, etc

voluntary

friendships are

personalistic focus

friendships have

Role-making

individuals pursue their own expectations of their roles

Referent Information

information you need to be successful on the job (training, job instruction, responsibilities, etc)

symbolist perspective

managers dont control culture is in constant flux. Organizations are cultures

integration, differrentation, fragmentation

martins 3 perspectives on culutre

standard metaphor

one hwole in terms of another whole ("the human machine"; "the coroporate jungle"; "time is money"; "my boss is a snake")

Individualization

organization is changed and shaped by the newcomers personalities and skill sets

Appraisal information

performance feedback. How you are doing. Whether your behavior was acceptable or not. (scolding, promotion)

variable socialization

provide no real cues to the newcomer as to when to expect movement to the target role.

rite of enhaneement

provide public recognition of accomplishment rite of org set

fixed socialization

provides the newcomer with a precise timetable for when to expect progression to the target role

-internally consistent and coherent - explanatory in many different situations -understandable or accessible to many people - simpley and straightforward, not cumbersome -provocative, inspiring further research and debate -relevant to different cultures and historical periods -useful as a tool of application in daily life -suggestive of answers to basic human questions -capable of being challenged and or modified to accommodate new info

qualities of a good theory

Metonymy

reference to something by naming an attribute or associated some item ("hungry mouths to feed"; "the ham sandwich is waiting for his check"; "she likes to read JK Rowling")

rites of renweal

reinigorate the culture new ideas and practices rte of org set

Espoused values

represent the explicitly stated values and norms that are preferred by an organization

Enacted Values

represent the values and norms that actually are exhibited or converted into employee behavior

Divestiture (socialization)

seeks to deny and strip away personal characteristics of a newcomer

Reification

semi-scripted activities that maintain or reinforce existing social norms

Organizational Culture

set of shared, taken-for granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about and reacts to its carious environments

demarcation

setting and maintaining boundaries

objectivity, inequality,, performance, org info managments, work relationship

strains for friendships

egalitarianism, relationtional info management, autonomy, consensus, acceptance, friendship display

strains for work association

indentifiction

the appropriation of and commitment to a particular identity

control

the order of a sustem that keeps people in line and maintains predictability

random socialization

the steps leading to the target role is unknown, ambiguous, or continually changing

rites of passage

used to facilitate the transition of persons form one role to another 1 type of rite in organizational setting

rites of degradation

used to fire or replace organizational member rite org settign

physical proximity

we tend to make friends with those that are physically close to us

functional proximity

we tend to make friends with those that have similar jobs or work in the same department

Assimilation

you should play off of each other. You are able to both learn and teach Socialization and Individualization