OSAT-Math

Associative Property

(a+b)+c=a+(b+c)

Multiply the exponent to raise a power to a power

(a^n)^m= a^n*m

Ray

(mathematics) a straight line extending from a point

Acceleration

(physics) a rate of change of velocity acceleration= velocity/time

Function

1. A relationship from one set (called the domain) to another set (called the range) that assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range. 2. The action or actions that an item is designed to perform.

Proportion

1. The relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc. 2. Size or weight relationships among structures or among elements in a single structure.

Kindergarten Concepts to learn math

1. position 2. visual attributes 3. sorting 4. graphing 5. patterns 6. measurements

1 raised to any number is 1

1^100=1

Any number with the power of 1 is that number

3^1=3

Quadrilateral

4 sided polygon Interior angles add up to 360°

Commutative Property

8 + 3 = 3 + 8

Polygon

A closed plane figure made up of line segments

Angle

A figure formed by two rays with a common endpoint

Bar Graph

A graph that uses horizontal or vertical bars to display data

Line Graph

A graph that uses line segments to show changes that occur over time

Pictograph

A graph using pictures or symbols to show data.

Median

A measure of center in a set of numerical data. The median of a list of values is the value appearing at the center of a sorted version of the list - or the mean of the two central values if the list contains an even number of values.

Scientific Notation

A method of writing or displaying numbers in terms of a decimal number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10.

Coefficient

A number multiplied by a variable in an algebraic expression.

probability

A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur

Perfect Square

A number that has an integer for a square root. 1,4,9,16,25,36,42,64,81,100

Square root

A number that when raised to the second power will yield a second given number.

Segment

A part of a line between two endpoints.

Binomials

A polynomial with two terms.

Completing the Square

A process used to form a perfect square trinomial.

Domain

All of the input or x values in a function

Rational Numbers

All positive and negative integers, fractions and decimal numbers.

Real Numbers

All rational and irrational numbers

Integers

All whole numbers (both positive and negative) and zero. Does not include fractions,

Algorithms

An algorithm is a step by step strategy for solving a problem, methodically leading to a specific solution

quadratic equation

An equation that can be written in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a,b,and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0

Result

An outcome or document

Irrational Numbers

Any number that can't be written as an integer over an integer. They NEVER terminate or repeat.

Mean

Average

Ratio

Comparison of two quantities in a particular order

Speed

Distance an object travels per unit of time

Prime numbers

Divisible by 1 or itself

Estimate

Find an approximate value for an unknown quantity.

Congruent

Having the same size and shape

Roman Numerals

I=1, V=5, X= 10, L=50, C=100, D =500, M=1000

Inverse

If not p, then not q.

Interest

Is the amount of money earned in savings or paid for the use of borrowed money.

Velocity

Measure of distance moved in a particular direction over a period of time.

Exponential notation

Symbolic way of showing how many times a number or variable is used as a factor. Exponent expressed out: 5x5x5=125

Principal

The amount of money borrowed

absolute value

The distance a number is from zero on a number line. ALWAYS POSITIVE

Greatest Common Factor GCF

The largest factor that two or more numbers have in common.

Mode

The number that occurs most often in a set of data

Zero property

The product of any number and zero is zero.

Range

The set of values to which the results belong.

Least Common Multiple LCM

The smallest multiple (other than zero) that two or more numbers have in common.

Inverse Proportion

a relationship in which the product of two variables is a constant

Chord

a straight line connecting two points on a circle... can never be longer than the diameter

Composite numbers

a whole number greater than 1 that has more than two factors

Distributive Property

a(b + c) = ab + ac

Any number raised to 0 power is 1

a^0=1

Add exponents when you multiply same bases

a^3 * a^7= a^3+7

subtract the exponents to divide powers of the same number

a^m : a^n = a^m-n

Undefined Fraction

fraction that has a denominator equal to zero

Pythagorean Theory

in a right triangle, the square root of the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs (a2+b2=c2)

Compound Interest

interest calculated on both the principal and the accrued interest Compound Interest=Principal*(1+Interest Rate)^time-Principal

Simple Interest

interest paid on the principal alone. Does not change Simple Interest=Principal*Rate of interest*Time/100

Order of Operation

the order in which operations in an expression to be evaluated are carried out. 1. parentheses 2. exponets 3. multiplication and divison 4. addition and subtraction

Lowest Common Denominator LCD

the smallest number, other than zero, that can be the denominator for two or more common fractions

Manipulatives

toys and materials that children can handle and change with their hands

Quadratic Formula

x = -b ± √(b² - 4ac)/2a