OSCM 373 Chapter 16 Scheduling

The more resources to be scheduled in conjunction to perform a service, the ___________ the complexity and the ____________ likely that an optimum schedule can be achieved. greater/more less/more greater/less

greater/less

What does time-based scheduling depend on? High finished goods inventory Good scheduling High raw materials inventory Superior quality Good design

Good scheduling

What is the goal of a high-volume system? High rate of customization of goods and services Low rate of flow of goods and services High utilization of labor and equipment

High utilization of labor and equipment

Select all of the industries which use reservation systems to manage demand and capacity. (Multiple select) Hotels and resorts Restaurants Grocery stores Car rental agencies Clothing shops

Hotels and resorts Restaurants Car rental agencies

Which word below most accurately describes the processing involved in intermediate-volume systems. continuous made-to-order intermittent

intermittent

The model often used to determine the ideal run size is know as the _________________ run size model. batch linear economic optimal

economic

What is the best definition of scheduling from among the options given? -A sub-department of production control in charge of manufacturing timing and resource allocation. -Setting up appointments, allocating room use in service industry organizations. -Establishing the timing of the use of equipment, facilities, and human activities in an organization.

-Establishing the timing of the use of equipment, facilities, and human activities in an organization.

Which of the following is/are required for the Hungarian method? (Multiple select) -Every worker can perform every job -Costs of every combination known -More workers than jobs -No more than two specialized workers -One-for-one matching

-Every worker can perform every job -Costs of every combination known -One-for-one matching

Select all the actions that managers can take to minimize scheduling difficulties. (Multiple select) -Focus on process bottlenecks and schedule around it if unable to eliminate it. -Make the lot sizes as large as possible to maximize WIP in the system. -Set realistic due dates whenever possible.

-Focus on process bottlenecks and schedule around it if unable to eliminate it. -Set realistic due dates whenever possible.

What are some of the objectives of effective scheduling? (Multiple select) -Less marketing required for products -Increase productivity -Yield cost savings -Better customer service

-Increase productivity -Yield cost savings -Better customer service

Select all of the reasons why scheduling can be difficult for operations managers. (Multiple select) -The set of jobs to be completed is usually static. -Interruptions in the work flow (machine break downs, quality issues, etc.) -Variability in setup times and processing times

-Interruptions in the work flow (machine break downs, quality issues, etc.) -Variability in setup times and processing times

Select all of the factors which contribute to the success of high-volume systems. (Multiple select) -Rapid repair when breakdowns occur -Minimization of quality problems -Lowest cost suppliers -Optimal product mixes

-Rapid repair when breakdowns occur -Minimization of quality problems -Optimal product mixes

Which of the following statements about scheduling are correct? (Multiple select) -Scheduling decisions are wide in scope and latitude. -Scheduling is constrained by prior decisions such as capacity & aggregate planning. -Scheduling decisions are the final step in the transformation process.

-Scheduling decisions are wide in scope and latitude. -Scheduling is constrained by prior decisions such as capacity & aggregate planning.

Which of the following statements are correct about Johnson's rule? (Multiple select) -The job with the shortest time for Machine 1 is the first in the sequence. -Johnson's rule minimizes total idle time for both machines or work centers. -The job with the shortest time for Machine 2 is the second in the sequence. -It does not matter which machine takes the job first.

-The job with the shortest time for Machine 1 is the first in the sequence. -Johnson's rule minimizes total idle time for both machines or work centers.

Select all of the factors which contribute to the success of high-volume systems. (Multiple select) Preventative maintenance Product or service design Minimization of quality problems Supplier delivery delays

-preventative maintenance -product or service design -minimization of quality problems

Which of the following is the best definition of a workstation in the context of job loading and scheduling at a work center. -A computer terminal, including the display and input devices -An area where one or a few workers and/or machines perform similar work -A desk or bench used in manufacturing shops

An area where one or a few workers and/or machines perform similar work

Scheduling customers often takes the form of which of the following? (Multiple Select) Waiting lines Appointment systems Overbooking Reservation systems

Appointment systems Reservation systems

Which of the following is an example of cyclical scheduling? -Continually randomizing work schedules for resort employees to be fair to all -Obtaining consent from hospital nurses to work double shifts if necessary -Assigning a worker at a restaurant the same days off each week

Assigning a worker at a restaurant the same days off each week

Scheduling backward from a due date. Backward scheduling Finite loading Infinite loading Forward scheduling Schedule chart

Backward scheduling

Which priority rule calculates a ratio of time remaining until due date over processing time remaining for each job to determine sequencing? CR FCFS SPT

CR (Critical Ratio)

Which of the following is an example of scheduling multiple resources to perform a service. -Scheduling the workforce at a restaurant for the upcoming busy weekend -Tracking appointments of all customers at a hair salon for all hair dressers on staff -Coordinating crew, aircraft, gate, baggage handling equipment for an airline flight

Coordinating crew, aircraft, gate, baggage handling equipment for an airline flight

To improve customer satisfaction at busy service times, capacity can be adjusted by what activity? -Sending employees on scheduled breaks -Making employees work faster when there are more customers -Cross-training workers to assist on bottleneck operations

Cross-training workers to assist on bottleneck operations

The two basic issues for schedulers in low-volume systems are what? MRP updating and run size Customer lead time and supplier deliveries Distribution among work centers and sequencing

Distribution among work centers and sequencing

All of the following may be scheduled in a service systems except which? Workforce Emergencies Equipment and/or rooms Customers

Emergencies

Which priority rule is used most often for service systems in which customers are directly involved? FCFS EDD SPT

FCFS (First come First Served) Reasons Not : EDD - Earliest due date would not often be used when customers can observe the order people are served. SPT - Shortest processing time would not often be used when customers can observe the order people are served.

______________ loading projects the actual job starting and finishing times at each work center by taking into account the capacities of the work center and the processing time of the jobs.

Finite

What does priority rule acronym FCFS stand for? For Customer, Fast Shop First Come, First Serve Fast Completion, First Start

First Come, First Serve

Scheduling in high-volume systems is known by what term? Line balancing Flow-shop scheduling Rapid-flow scheduling Job-shop scheduling

Flow-shop scheduling

Which of these is NOT a basic scheduling issue in intermediate-volume systems? Timing of jobs Run size of jobs Sequence to produce jobs Forecasting of jobs

Forecasting of jobs

Which chart is used as a visual aid for both loading and scheduling in low-volume systems? Histogram Fishbone diagram Control chart Gantt chart

Gantt chart -A histogram is a bar chart showing the distribution of a quantitative variable. -A fishbone diagram is a chart that tryes to determine cause-and-effect relationships. -A control chart is a time-ordered plot of statistics about output from a process.

Which is the term for the method of assigning jobs by a one-for-one matching to identify the lowest cost solution. Forward scheduling Assignment model Hungarian method

Hungarian method

What two difficulties arise in scheduling services that do not occur in manufacturing? -Learning how to use scheduling software and unpredictable processing times -Inability to store services and random customer requests for service -Customer queues and the need to provide retail/front end facilities

Inability to store services and random customer requests for service

Which type of loading can lead to overloads in some time periods and underloads in others? Finite loading Intermediate loading. Infinite loading

Infinite loading

Which performance measure for sequencing represents the amount of time that it takes from when a job arrives until it is complete? Makespan Job flow time Average number of jobs Job lateness

Job flow time

Scheduling in low-volume systems is known by what term? Batch processing Minimal run size scheduling Job-shop scheduling Flow scheduling

Job-shop scheduling -Batch processing is a fit for intermediate-volume systems. -Flow scheduling fits high-volume systems.

The sequencing technique which minimizes the total time for a group of jobs to be processed on two machines or workcenters is called what? Hungarian method Johnson's rule Shortest processing time

Johnson's rule

The assignment of jobs to processing centers in low-volume systems is know by what term? Sequencing Job-shop scheduling Loading

Loading

Which performance measure for sequencing represents the total time needed to complete a group of jobs? Makespan Job lateness Job flow time Average number of jobs

Makespan

In assigning jobs to work centers in a low-volume system what three aspects are minimized? -Scrap material, inventory levels, and throughput time -Number of work centers, setup time, and number of sequence steps -Processing costs, idle time, job completion time

Processing costs, idle time, job completion time

What priority rule can result in lower in-process inventories? EDD SPT FCFS

SPT

Under which priority rule are long jobs most likely to wait for processing? CR FCFS EDD SPT

SPT The SPT rule is likely to make long jobs wait because shorter jobs are always processed first.

What type of Gantt chart shows the orders or jobs in progress and whether they are on time? Finite loading Backward schedule Schedule chart Forward schedule

Schedule chart

Determining the order in which jobs at and within a work center will be processed is known as what? Loading Job time Sequencing Priority rules

Sequencing

What is the best definition of a priority rule? -Simple heuristics used to select the order in which jobs will be processed. -When the job that will take the most time to complete is started first -Choosing a job based on the customer whose order arrived first

Simple heuristics used to select the order in which jobs will be processed.

Which of the following will minimize scheduling difficulties? -Split large jobs into smaller batches -Schedule non-bottleneck operations first to get as much work to the bottleneck operation as possible. -Using aggressive due dates to motivate employees

Split large jobs into smaller batches

Select all of the constraints on workforce scheduling flexibility. (Multiple select) Technical issues Behavioral issues Legal issues Cross-training Union rules

Technical issues Behavioral issues Legal issues Union rules

What is the primary purpose of reservation systems in scheduling services? To estimate customer demand and provide a better service experience To randomize customer arrivals in an equal manner To minimize stress to reception employees

To estimate customer demand and provide a better service experience

What is the primary purpose of appointment systems in scheduling services? To spread out the revenue stream across time To minimize customer waiting time To avoid having to provide larger waiting rooms

To minimize customer waiting time

If done well, scheduling can be a competitive advantage and a source of customer satisfaction and cost savings for an organization. True False

True

How do operations managers in the service sector mitigate the random variability in customer requests for service? Advertise heavily to increase business at slow times Turn customers away when a bottleneck occurs Use appointment and reservation systems

Use appointment and reservation systems

When appointment systems are used, what circumstances lead to problems in scheduling services? (Multiple select) -When customers arrive late -When service is faster than expected -When customers do not show up

When customers arrive late When customers do not show up

Which of the following is required for cyclical scheduling? Workers must work five consecutive days Workers must have a standard schedule Workers must have two consecutive days off

Workers must have a standard schedule

The application of pricing strategies to allocate capacity among various categories of demand is known by what term? Reservation systems Appointment systems Yield management

Yield management

The objectives of scheduling require trade-offs among sometimes conflicting goals, such as efficiently utilizing _____ while minimizing ______. (Multiple select) equipment; inventories equipment; facilities staff; customer waiting time

equipment; inventories staff; customer waiting time

Compared to a job shop, the batch sizes in intermediate-volume systems are ___________. equal larger smaller

larger

Customers who make advance reservations are typically ____________ while walk-ins are typically ____________. price-insensitive/price-sensitive wealthier/poorer polite/rude price-sensitive/price-insensitive

price-sensitive/price-insensitive

The purpose of Gantt charts is to organize and visually display the actual or intended use of resources in a ______. load chart grid time framework schedule chart

time framework

Scheduling techniques assume a process can be modeled, but in reality, there can be ______ in setup times and processing times. stability flexibility variability

variability