Osmosis & Diffusion

Dependant variable

"responding variable"

Hypertonic (er)

-A solution that has a higher concentration of solute than the cell -A red blood cell will shrink in this solution A hypertonic solution is one with a higher concentration of solute than your cells. This type of solution draws water from cells as they attempt to equalize the amount of water on both sides of the cell membrane. This causes cells to shrink in a hypertonic solution.

hypotonic (o)

-A solution that has a lower concentration of solute than the cell -A red blood cell will swell in this solution A hypotonic solution is one with a lower concentration of solute than your cells. This type of solution provides water to cells as they attempt to equalize the amount of water on both sides of the cell membrane. Therefore, a hypotonic environment causes a cell to swell.

Isotonic

-A solution that has the same concentration of solute as the cell -A red blood cell will remain the same shape in this solution An isotonic solution is one with the same concentration of solute as your cells. This type of solution doesn't change the shape of the cells because either no water travels across the cell membrane, or there is a small, equal exchange.

In Experiment 2, what do you predict will happen to the weight of a shell-less egg soaked in the following three solutions: an isotonic solution, deionized water, and corn syrup? The shell-less egg in the deionized water will

-gain weight A shell-less egg contains more sugar than deionized water, but less sugar than corn syrup. Recall that osmosis is the diffusion of water, which moves from areas of high concentration to low concentration. Therefore, a shell-less egg must gain water weight in deionized water because water moves from its higher concentration in the solution to its lower concentration in the egg.

In Experiment 2, three shell-less eggs are submerged in three different solutions—an isotonic solution, deionized water, and corn syrup. If you were testing the hypothesis that the eggs will lose water in two of the solutions, which solution is being used for comparison and therefore is the control group? -isotonic solution -corn syrup -deionized water -There is no control group in this experiment

-isotonic solution In the isotonic solution, you know that the egg will neither gain nor lose water. Therefore, it is the control group.

In Experiment 2, what do you predict will happen to the weight of a shell-less egg soaked in the following three solutions: an isotonic solution, deionized water, and corn syrup? The shell-less egg in the corn syrup will

-lose weight Alternately, a shell-less egg must lose water weight in corn syrup because water moves from its higher concentration in the egg to its lower concentration in the solution

In Experiment 2, what do you predict will happen to the weight of a shell-less egg soaked in the following three solutions: an isotonic solution, deionized water, and corn syrup? The shell-less egg in the isotonic solution will

-neither gain nor lose weight In an isotonic solution, a shell-less egg remains the same because either no movement of water occurs (due to there being no higher or lower concentrations of water), or a slow, even exchange occurs over time.

Solution

A mixture of a fully combined solute and solvent is called a

Solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solvent is called a

In Experiment 1, two chemical compounds are introduced. Sodium hydroxide, or NaOH, is a basic compound, with a molecular weight of about 40 g/mol. Phenolphthalein is a colored indicator that turns pink in the presence of a base. Its molar mass is almost eight times the mass of sodium hydroxide, at about 318 g/mol. Based on what you know about diffusion, which hypothesis best describes which molecule is more likely to move across the semipermeable membrane in this process? -Both the phenolphthalein and the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) will diffuse across the dialysis tubing. -Only phenolphthalein will diffuse across the dialysis tubing. -Neither the phenolphthalein nor the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) will diffuse across the dialysis tubing. -Only sodium hydroxide (NaOH) will diffuse across the dialysis tubing

Only sodium hydroxide (NaOH) will diffuse across the dialysis tubing. -Only sodium hydroxide (NaOH) will diffuse across the dialysis tubing due to its relatively small size. Diffusion is a passive process (requiring no energy) and can only move small molecules spontaneously from high to low concentrations across a semipermeable membrane.

What is the role of osmosis in the dialysis process? -Osmosis moves excess fluids from the blood to the dialysate for removal. -Osmosis moves excess fluids from the dialysate to the blood to replenish the patient. -Osmosis moves small waste molecules from the blood to the dialysate for removal. -Osmosis moves large components like blood cells and proteins to the dialysate for removal.

Osmosis moves excess fluids from the blood to the dialysate for removal.

independent variable

a variable (often denoted by x ) whose variation does not depend on that of another.

Passive process

no energy needed from the cell random movement of cells themselves to lead to diffusion

Small waste molecules...

such as potassium, creatinine, and urea occur at a higher concentration in the blood and at a lower concentration in the dialysate.

Solvent

the dissolving agent is called a

Diffusion

the net movement of a substance traveling down its concentration gradient : from high con. to low Diffusion plays two main roles in hemodialysis. First, in the dialyzer, selectively permeable tubes allow the movement of waste products down their concentration gradient, from the blood to the dialysate for removal. The second role involves specifically the diffusion of water, called osmosis.

Can you fill in the following sentences about Experiment 2 with shell-less eggs? -The independent variable is

time (in hours)

Can you fill in the following sentences about Experiment 2 with shell-less eggs? -The dependent variable was

weight (in grams)