Osteosarcoma Osmosis

Osteosarcomas typically present as pain, most often in patients 10-20 years of age, and less often in patients aged _____ and older.

65

Osmosis definition of osteosarcoma

An osteosarcoma is a cancerous tumor of the bone. Specifically, it is an aggressive malignant neoplasm that arises from primitive transformed cells of mesenchymal origin and that exhibits osteoblastic differentiation and produces malignant osteoid. Osteosarcomas tend to occur at the sites of bone growth, presumably because proliferation makes osteoblastic cells in this region prone to acquire mutations that could lead to transformation of cells.

_________ arises from a two-hit mutation to Rb (one germline, one somatic) and presents as bilateral retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma

Familial retinoblastoma

Osteosarcoma is most likely to be found in which part of the body?

Knee region; this tumor is most often found in the knee

This cancer is ____ and has a ____ prognosis.

Malignant; poor

______ often occurs after surgical resection of familial retinoblastoma

Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma in persons over 65 years of age usually accompanies ______.

Paget disease of bone

Patients with _____ disease of bone, familial retinoblastoma, and radiation exposure are at increased risk for developing osteosarcoma.

Paget's

Familial retinoblastoma is caused by an abnormality in the tumor suppressor gene ____

RB1

Retinoblastoma and osteosarcomas are neoplasms commonly associated with ___.

Rb

What is Paget's disease of bone (also termed osteitis deformans)?

a chronic disorder that can result in enlarged and misshapen bones. Paget's is caused by the excessive breakdown and formation of bone, followed by disorganized bone remodeling. This causes affected bone to weaken, resulting in pain, misshapen bones, fractures and arthritis in the joints near the affected bones. Rarely, it can develop into a primary bone cancer known as Paget's sarcoma. Often Paget's disease is localized to only a few bones in the body. The pelvis, femur, and lower lumbar vertebrae are the most commonly affected bones.

Pain associated with osteosarcoma is commonly worse during (rest or activity?)

activity

Codman's triangle image

elevation of the periosteum caused by the cancer growth seen on imaging; growth creates a triangular area

Patients with Paget disease of bone, _______, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and radiation exposure are at increased risk for developing osteosarcomas.

familial retinoblastoma

Osteosarcomas usually arise in the metaphysis of long bones, typically in the distal ________ near the knee.

femur or proximal tibia

Paget's disease is a skeletal disease in which patients have a net ____ in bone mass

gain

What is the metaphysis responsible for?

growth and expansion of long bones

Osteosarcomas are malignant tumors originating in the bone _____.

metaphysis

Paget's disease usually occurs in ____ patients, as opposed to the normal epidemiologic age group of osteosarcoma.

older

Osteosarcomas are a proliferation of malignant ______cells.

osteoblast

An osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor of osteoblasts secreting ______.

osteoid

A(n) _____ is the second most common primary bone cancer. It originates from mesenchymal cells.

osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma)

Osteosarcomas are malignant bone tumors associated with a _____ pattern and _____ periosteum (Codman's triangle) on imaging.

sunburst; raised

Osteosarcoma treatment includes _____ and chemotherapy

surgical excision surgical en bloc resection (with limb salvage)

Osteosarcoma is a serious adverse effect/risk of ______.

teriparatide